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1.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-232728

RESUMEN

Background: The aim of study was to assess the frequency, demographic features, reasons, and outcomes for both the mother and fetus linked to emergency obstetric hysterectomy.Methods: We conducted a hospital based retrospective cohort study, between January 2016 to November 2023. A comprehensive study was conducted on 36 instances of emergency obstetric hysterectomy (EOH) at Sri Ramachandra institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, within the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The study encompassed pregnant women delivering from 28 completed weeks of gestation to term, specifically those who underwent hysterectomy either during the intrapartum period or within the puerperium due to complications arising during childbirth.Results: The incidence of EOH in our study was 22 per 1,00,000 following vaginal delivery and 196 per 1,00,000 following caesarean section. The overall incidence was 106 per 1,00,000 deliveries. Morbidly adherent placenta (39%) was the most common indication followed by Atonic postpartum hemorrhage (36%) and Placenta previa with placenta accreta (20%). Anemia (67%) emerged as the most prevalent maternal complication, with fever (30%) following closely behind.Conclusions: In situations where traditional surgical methods prove ineffective and immediate access to interventional radiology is unavailable, a well-balanced approach to EOH can be life-saving. Our study underscores the significance of EOH in the coming years, given the increasing probability of both cesarean sections and multiple pregnancies.

2.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-231403

RESUMEN

The field of psychology has advanced over the years in treating psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Depression or clinical depression is a major mental health issue characterized by chronic sadness, hopelessness, and emptiness, which diminishes the patient's quality of life. According to WHO, an estimated 3.8% of the world's population experience depression, in which 15% of depressed patients eventually die by suicide. Recent studies in treating depressive patients have progressed with the usage of psychobiotics. Psychobiotics contain both probiotics and prebiotics, meaning psychobiotics possess the ability to introduce beneficial bacteria in the gut as well as support the growth of existing bacteria in the human gut. The gut-brain axis, which mediates the mechanism of action of psychobiotics in treating clinical depression, has been cleverly studied, and it provides promising results in the improvement of a patient's mental health status. Psychobiotics have proven their worth not only in upgrading the patient's mental health in psychological disorders but also in the enhancement of overall patient health by improving one's gut health.

4.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-227709

RESUMEN

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide. It is one of the prime health issues in developed and developing countries because of the high prevalence of known risk factors. In the present study, we assess the knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) screening practices among women in the capital city, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, North India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Lucknow. The period of study was one year, starting from December 2020 to November 2021. Data were obtained from 400 adult women (212 rural and 193 urban) using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire. Participants aged >20 years were randomly selected from two rural and two urban community health centres (CHCs). The questionnaire assessed respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors, signs and symptoms, early detection methods, and knowledge and practices related to self-breast examination among women in Lucknow. Results: Out of 400 respondents, only 33.5% (rural) and 55.96% (urban) women had heard of breast cancer. 17.55% (rural) and 13.47% (urban) women had heard about BSE. 4.72% (rural) and 8.81% (urban) women practice BSE occasionally. Knowledge about breast cancer, its symptoms, risk factors, and screening methods was similarly poor in women of Lucknow. Conclusions: This finding correlated significantly with older age, higher levels of education, and occupation. There is a low level of awareness of breast cancer in Lucknow's urban and rural areas. BSE is hardly practiced, though the willingness to learn it is high.

5.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233864

RESUMEN

Background: Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses persistent threat, affecting both healthcare environment and communities, with substantial impact on infection rates, morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Vancomycin, a longstanding cornerstone in MRSA treatment, but with the emergence of vancomycin resistant MRSA (VRSA), necessitating alternative antimicrobial solutions. Linezolid, stands out as a promising candidate. It has unique advantages such as an absence of renal toxicity and improved lung parenchymal diffusion compared to vancomycin, making it an appealing choice, especially for healthcare-acquired pneumonia by MRSA. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated linezolid susceptibility in 158 MRSA isolates using both disk diffusion and agar dilution method. Results: Results indicated that the majority of isolates exhibited linezolid susceptibility, with 53.16% showing a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ?2 礸/ml. However, two MRSA isolates, constituting 1.27% of the sample, displayed a MIC of 8 礸/ml, named them as a linezolid-resistant MRSA (LRSA). These findings align with previous research, mirroring resistance rates observed in different regions. Notably, vigilance against linezolid resistance is crucial, particularly due to its status as a last-resort MRSA treatment. Conclusions: Remarkably, a 100% concordance was found between the disk diffusion and MIC methods for detecting linezolid resistance in MRSA, suggesting that the disk diffusion method may be practical choice for laboratories with heavy workloads. However, adherence to CLSI guidelines is essential, and cases of resistance by disk diffusion should be confirmed using MIC methods. Emergence of linezolid-resistant MRSA is a worrisome development, necessitating ongoing surveillance and vigilance.

6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 57: e13116, fev.2024. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1574244

RESUMEN

Nephrotoxicity is a common complication that limits the clinical utility of cisplatin. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent necrotic cell death program that is mediated by phospholipid peroxidation. The molecular mechanisms that disrupt iron homeostasis and lead to ferroptosis are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), a selective cargo receptor that mediates ferroptosis and autophagic degradation of ferritin in nephrotoxicity. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly-assigned to four groups: control group, cisplatin (Cis)-treated group, deferiprone (DEF)-treated group, and Cis+DEF co-treated group. Serum, urine, and kidneys were isolated to perform biochemical, morphometric, and immunohistochemical analysis. Iron accumulation was found to predispose to ferroptotic damage of the renal tubular cells. Treatment with deferiprone highlights the role of ferroptosis in nephrotoxicity. Upregulation of NCOA4 in parallel with low ferritin level in renal tissue seems to participate in iron-induced ferroptosis. This study indicated that ferroptosis may participate in cisplatin-induced tubular cell death and nephrotoxicity through iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. Iron dyshomeostasis could be attributed to NCOA4-mediated ferritin degradation.

7.
Afr. J. Clin. Exp. Microbiol ; 25(2): 139-144, 2024. tables
Artículo en Inglés | AIM | ID: biblio-1555642

RESUMEN

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome undergoes high rate of mutation, which results in generation of genetically diverse HCV isolates. There is paucity of data on mutations in the nonstructural 5b (NS5b) gene of circulating HCV and their implications in the Nigerian population. Here, we identified clinically-important mutations in HCV isolates, which may influence response to therapy and disease prognosis. Methodology: HCV RNA was extracted from a total of 301 blood samples collected from 99 symptomatic treatment-naïve hepatitis patients, 125 HIV-infected individuals and 77 asymptomatic blood donors in Ibadan, Nigeria. The RNA was reverse­transcribed to complimentary DNA and HCV NS5B gene amplified by nested PCR. The amplified products of 42 HCV were sequenced and sequences were aligned with those from GenBank and HCV databases in MEGA 7.0. Nucleotide sequences were translated to amino acids while substitutions in the amino acids were analyzed with reference to H77 prototype strain of HCV. Results: A total of 10 amino acid polymorphisms were observed from the 42 sequenced NS5B gene, with the major clinically-important amino acid mutations being S15G in 28 (66.7%) participants, T7N (24, 57.1%), G61R (23, 54.8%), S54L (22, 52.4%), G89E (14, 33.3%), T79M (12, 28.6%), and T711 (11, 26.2%). Others were Q67R (7, 16.7%), Q47H (7, 16.7%) and S84F (2, 4.8%). S15G/A/V mutations were more predominant in patients with HIV (76.9%, 10/13) followed by patients with clinical hepatitis (75.0%, 12/16) and blood donors (46.1%, 6/13). Q67R and T71I mutations were not predominant in patients with clinical hepatitis as they were detected in only 31.3% (5/16) and 43.8% (7/16) participants respectively, compared to S15G (75.0%, 12/16), S54L (68.8%, 11/16), G61R/E (68.8%, 11/16) and T7N/S (56.3%, 9/16). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of each of the 10 amino acid polymorphisms detected within patients with symptomatic clinical hepatitis (x 2=9.311, p=0.409), HIV-infected patients (x 2=13.431, p=0.1440) and asymptomatic blood donors (x 2=3.775, p=0.9256). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the distribution between the 3 categories of the study participants except for T79M mutation, which was significantly higher in HIV-infected patients (61.5%, 8/13) compared to patients with clinical hepatitis (18.8%, 3/16) and asymptomatic blood donors (7.7%, 1/13) (x 2=10.456, p=0.0054). Conclusion: Mutations in the NS5B gene could be associated with worse prognosis of the disease or antiviral failure due to viral resistance in patients undergoing therapy. The absence of Q47H mutations in majority of the study participants in our study implies that they will not respond well to daprevir and mericitabine. Screening of patients for pre-existing resistant mutations before commencement of therapy and monitoring during and after therapy are recommended.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Hepacivirus , Infecciones por VIH
8.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233715

RESUMEN

Background: Self-medication, managing health issues without professional guidance, poses significant risks to individuals and public health. Prevalence rates vary globally, often higher in low-income countries due to limited healthcare access. While self-medication offers cost-effective solutions for minor ailments, it may lead to misuse, adverse effects and financial burdens. Identifying factors driving self-medication is crucial for tailored interventions. This study aims to assess self-medication prevalence, practice, and influencing factors in a Kerala village. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study included 212 participants (?18 years) selected via convenient sampling. A pre-tested questionnaire collected socio-demographic data, self-medication prevalence, and influencing factors. Self-medication was defined as OTC drug use without consulting a medical graduate. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26, with chi-square tests for bivariate analysis (p?0.05). Results: Participants (mean age: 38.13±15.56) reported 53.8% self-medication. Acute illness individuals self-medicated more (80.7% purchased from independent pharmacies). Time constraints (24.5%) and expired prescriptions (42.1%) drove self-medication. Medication choice was influenced by cost (54.3%), brand reputation (21.1%), and both (24.6%), with pharmacist recommendations (36.0%) playing a role. Self-medication was common among ages 41-60 (64.3%) and those with lower education levels (77.8% primary, 70.5% middle). Acute illness individuals self-medicated more (66%) than chronic cases (34%). Conclusions: This rural Kerala study identifies a 53.8% self-medication rate, affected by age, education, and healthcare preferences. Targeted interventions are needed for ethical self-medication and improved healthcare practices.

9.
Ludovica pediátr ; 26(2): 28-38, dic.2023.
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-1531133

RESUMEN

La malnutrición en los pacientes hospitalizados representa un importante problema sanitario asociado a una mayor tasa de complicaciones con un incremento de la morbimortalidad


Malnutrition in hospitalized patients represents a significant health problem associated with an increased rate of complications and higher morbidity and mortality


Asunto(s)
Niño Hospitalizado , Nutrición Enteral , Desnutrición , Niño , Estado Nutricional , Desnutrición Proteico-Calórica
10.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-230599

RESUMEN

Onion (Allium cepa L.) stands as a crucial bulb crop and a primary commercial vegetable crop in India. Among the various maladies affecting bulb and seed development, purple blotch, caused by Alternaria porri, stands out as one of the most devastating. This ailment inflicts extensive damage on both bulb and seed crops. Through an extensive roving survey, we have unveiled the disease's prevalence, enabling the identification of disease hotspots in the major onion cultivation regions of southern Karnataka. A total of 28 hotspot regions were identified in the eight districts surveyed for purple blotch disease severity in onions. Notably, the highest mean of percent disease index (PDI) was recorded in Chikkamagaluru (51.12%), while Chamarajanagara showed the lowest mean PDI (23.35%). Among all surveyed villages, the most severe disease prevalence was observed in Koverahatti village within Hiriyur taluk of Chitradurga district, with a PDI of 64.47%. On the other hand, the lowest disease severity was noted in Uttamballi village (16.89%) in Kollegala taluk, Chamarajanagara district.

11.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-230578

RESUMEN

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Bavikere, KSNUAHS, Shivamogga, India during Late Kharif 2022 to evaluate the effect of nano and conventional urea on growth and yield of ragi. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with eleven treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of absolute control (T1), recommended dose of fertilizer (T2), 50 per cent RDN + two sprays of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T3), 75 per cent RDN + one spray of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T4), 75 percent RDN + two sprays of 0.4 percent nano urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T5), 100 per cent RDN + one spray of 0.4 percent nano urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T6), 50 percent RDN + two sprays of 2 per cent urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T7), 75 per cent RDN + one spray of 2 per cent urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T8), 75 percent RDN + two sprays of 2 percent urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T9), 100 per cent RDN + one spray of 2 per cent urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T10), four sprays of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 15, 30, 45 & 60 DAT (T11). The results revealed that the application of 100 per cent RDN + one spray of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T6) recorded higher plant height (94.13 cm), number of tillers hill-1 (8.85), number of earheads per hill (7.86), finger length (8.46), grain yield (3812 kg ha-1), straw yield (6453 kg ha-1) and harvest index (37.13%), which was statistically on par with the T10 and T5. Treatment T6 produced 9.32 per cent higher grain yield compared to T2.

12.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-230507

RESUMEN

The experiment was conducted to study the comparative performance and blast disease screening 80 diverse rice cultivars including land races, obsolete varieties, modern cultivars and released varieties, local prevailing cultivars and advanced breeding/varietal lines as AICRIP testing trials for two successive seasons during Kharif-2021 and Kharif-2022 at AHRS Ponnampet, Karnataka- India, The results from ANOVA revealed that, MSS due to genotypes, were significant (p<0.01 and p<0.05) for all the yield traits studied. GYKH was varied from 270.65-6039.89, while 940.17-6039.88 with mean grain yield Kg/ha of 3596.01 and 3483.92 kg/ha during Kh-21 and Kh-22. High GCV and PCV with high heritability coupled with high GAM were observed for GYKH, while the remaining traits revealed low to medium GCV and PCV, heritability coupled with low to medium GAM. Correlation analysis revealed that significant and positive association was observed for PH, DFF, PL and GYKH. PCAs revealed that PC1, PC2 and PC3 showed 32.45%, 29.66% and 14.83% of contribution with 76.94% of total variation during Kharif-21 and 33.20%, 29.67% and 14.33% of contribution with 77.20% of variation for the studied traits during Kharif-22 respectively. Field screening of leaf and neck blast under natural hot spot area among 80 diverse genotypes resulted in identification of resistant sources as KPR-1, KPR-2, KHP-5, Mud-1014, IET-28515 and Kajajaya with promising yield performances.

13.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-227286

RESUMEN

Background: India has >135 millions obese individual at present. Overweight and obesity are fifth leading cause of global deaths. This study was undertaken to study prevalence of obesity and overweight and to find out predictors for obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among adult individuals (aged 18-55 years) belonging to Akola district of Maharashtra during July 2022 to December 2022. The study was a hospital based undertaken in the Nutritional OPD under the community medicine department, Government Medical College Akola. Results: Maximum respondent were male 205 (64.5%) Overall prevalence obesity 108 (34%) with maximum number of male 76 (24%) and very less females 32 (10%). However overall prevalence of overweight was 58 (18%) in the study population out of which 44 (13.8%) were male and 14 (4.2%) were females. Prevalence of obesity increases with age, in the present study 19% prevalence were seen in 36-55 years age group. Overall respondents from upper class as per (modified BG Prasad classification) were 153 (48.25%) among which 59 (19%) were more obese as compare upper middle, and middle class. 28 (9%), 10 (1%) respectively. This difference was found statically significant (?²; p value= 0.01 and 0.002). Conclusions: Suitable health care strategy and intervention programs along with health education is needed to reduce the impact.

14.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-234481

RESUMEN

Background: Depression is characterized by persistent sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities. It is very important to identify the factors predisposing to depression among paramedical students. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and the factors associated with depression among the paramedical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among all the 208 paramedical students studying in MES using a predesigned questionnaire along with Beck’s depression inventory tool to identify depression. Chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis were used to find the association between variables. Results: The prevalence of depression was found to be 24.5%. 11.54 % of the total study participants have borderline depression, while 10.58%, 1.92% and 0.48 % had moderate, severe and extreme form of depression respectively. Chi square test showed type of family, course of study, smoking habits, traumatic events in the past, bad interpersonal relationship, concern regarding the future were found to be statistically associated with depression. In multivariate analysis, bad interpersonal relationship between friends and family members (OR= 3.13), worrying about the future (OR=6.03) and those who never sought any form of help for mental stress (OR=1.5) were the risk factors identified. Conclusions: Course selection, type of family they came from, any traumatic events in the past, lack of interpersonal relationship between friends, worrying about the job opportunities after completing the course, not seeking help for mental stress were the factors contributing towards depression.

15.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-226640

RESUMEN

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been successful in improving clinical outcomes for HIV-positive patients, but efforts are needed to improve life expectancy and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze a long-term ART cohort and assess patients' life expectancy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the infectious and tropical diseases department of the University Teaching Hospital of Treichville from 2003 to 2017. Data analysis was done using VBA access and XLSTAT 2018 excel software. Patients on post-exposure chemoprophylaxis and prevention of mother-to-child transmission were excluded. Results: Out of 19,567 patient records, 49.60% were included, 72.43% were in 1st line, and 50.10% were over 50 years old, mostly female 58.49%, 98.4% HIV1. 74.31% had a CD4/mm3 (Nadir) count <350. The patients were essentially on the 2IN+INN regimen (72.31%), TDF + XTC + EFV (20.57%). The average duration under treatment 6.15 [0-13.67] ±3.94 years, the average duration under a line of treatment 4.33 [0-14.04] ±2.96 years. Life expectancy was 10.37 years. It is higher in patients on 2IN+IPr (12.21 years) versus 10.12 years in patients on 2IN+INN. The comparison of duration on a line according to the CD4 counts and the line of treatment did not show a significant difference p>0.05. Conclusions: The study concluded that ART significantly improved the life expectancy of patients, adherence could be improved to further enhance the benefits of ART. The use of new combinations of ART may reduce events related to non-compliance.

16.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233346

RESUMEN

Background: Easy access to Suraksha clinics for sexually transmitted infections calls for a review of seroprevalence of syphilis. Methods: Serum samples from attendees of sexually transmitted infections (STI)/ reproductive tract infections (RTI) clinic/antenatal clinic, and samples of high-risk group (HRG: female sex workers and men having sex with men) brought by non-government organizations from 2017-22 were screened for syphilis by Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) tests. Samples positive by both tests were considered seropositive for syphilis. Statistical methods used for analysis were chi square test for linear trends and Kruskal Wallis test. Results: In STI clinic percentage positivity for syphilis has shown a statistically significant decline from 2017-22. In RTI clinic the decline was significant from 2017-19 but not significant in the years 2019-22. In antenatal clinic and in HRGs the change in seroprevalence was not significant from 2017-22 and 2017-20 respectively. However, the HRGs showed a significantly increasing trend in syphilis seropositivity from 2020-22. Conclusions: There is a significantly declining trend in the seroprevalence of syphilis in patients attending the STI/RTI clinic from 2017-22 and in HRGs from 2017-20. However, a significant increase in trend in HRG from 2020-22 may have been due to behavioural changes during the lockdown for covid 19 pandemic. A significant decline in syphilis in patients attending the STI and RTI clinic and in HRGs attending the regional centre indicates the effectiveness of consistent detection, treatment and counselling efforts of the national control program on STI in the region.

17.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233170

RESUMEN

Background: Easy access to Suraksha clinics for sexually transmitted infections calls for a review of seroprevalence of syphilis. Methods: Serum samples from attendees of sexually transmitted infections (STI)/ reproductive tract infections (RTI) clinic/antenatal clinic, and samples of high-risk group (HRG: female sex workers and men having sex with men) brought by non-government organizations from 2017-22 were screened for syphilis by Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) tests. Samples positive by both tests were considered seropositive for syphilis. Statistical methods used for analysis were chi square test for linear trends and Kruskal Wallis test. Results: In STI clinic percentage positivity for syphilis has shown a statistically significant decline from 2017-22. In RTI clinic the decline was significant from 2017-19 but not significant in the years 2019-22. In antenatal clinic and in HRGs the change in seroprevalence was not significant from 2017-22 and 2017-20 respectively. However, the HRGs showed a significantly increasing trend in syphilis seropositivity from 2020-22. Conclusions: There is a significantly declining trend in the seroprevalence of syphilis in patients attending the STI/RTI clinic from 2017-22 and in HRGs from 2017-20. However, a significant increase in trend in HRG from 2020-22 may have been due to behavioural changes during the lockdown for covid 19 pandemic. A significant decline in syphilis in patients attending the STI and RTI clinic and in HRGs attending the regional centre indicates the effectiveness of consistent detection, treatment and counselling efforts of the national control program on STI in the region.

18.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233347

RESUMEN

Background: Herbal medicine are patronized by several people across the globe This herbal medicine is routinely use and are more accessible and available. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Englerina drummondii Balle ex Polhill and Wiens leaves on rat organs (thyroid gland, kidneys, ovary and fallopian tubes) weights in female rats. Methods: 20 female rats were selected randomly into 4 groups with 5 rats per group. Group 1 received 5 ml/kg of water, group 2 received extract 100 mg/kg, group 3 received extract 200 mg/kg, and group 4 received extract 400 mg/kg. Administration of extract was done for 28 days. Results: The study revealed significance decreased in the weight of the left ovary organ when extract of medium dose (200 mg/kg) and high dose (400 mg/kg) was administered, as compared to control. The result also shows decrease in the organs weight of the thyroid gland, left kidney, right and left fallopian tubes extract of low, medium and high dose were administered. The right kidney shows increase when low dose extract was given but decrease when both low and medium dose of extract was given. However, this decrease is not significance and could be due to dose or time dependent. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23 and p<0.05 was significant. Conclusions: There was significance decreased in the weight of the left ovary organ when extract of medium dose (200 mg/kg) and high dose (400 mg/kg) was administered. Also, there is decrease in other organs weight when low, medium and high dose was given but not significance.

19.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233171

RESUMEN

Background: Herbal medicine are patronized by several people across the globe This herbal medicine is routinely use and are more accessible and available. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Englerina drummondii Balle ex Polhill and Wiens leaves on rat organs (thyroid gland, kidneys, ovary and fallopian tubes) weights in female rats. Methods: 20 female rats were selected randomly into 4 groups with 5 rats per group. Group 1 received 5 ml/kg of water, group 2 received extract 100 mg/kg, group 3 received extract 200 mg/kg, and group 4 received extract 400 mg/kg. Administration of extract was done for 28 days. Results: The study revealed significance decreased in the weight of the left ovary organ when extract of medium dose (200 mg/kg) and high dose (400 mg/kg) was administered, as compared to control. The result also shows decrease in the organs weight of the thyroid gland, left kidney, right and left fallopian tubes extract of low, medium and high dose were administered. The right kidney shows increase when low dose extract was given but decrease when both low and medium dose of extract was given. However, this decrease is not significance and could be due to dose or time dependent. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23 and p<0.05 was significant. Conclusions: There was significance decreased in the weight of the left ovary organ when extract of medium dose (200 mg/kg) and high dose (400 mg/kg) was administered. Also, there is decrease in other organs weight when low, medium and high dose was given but not significance.

20.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-219666

RESUMEN

The sale of soft drinks in and around primary schools is recurrent in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this work is to evaluate the rate of some biochemical and physicochemical parameters and the health risks related to the consumption of soft drinks. The biochemical and physicochemical parameters were determined according to the standard SOXHLET technique, that of Kjeldhal and also that described by Dubois et al in1956. Potentially pathogenic and pathogenic germs were enumerated and researched according to reference methods described by AFNOR. The moisture content of the different beverages ranged from 3.9±0.05 to 3.2±0.05, and the sugar content from 26.06±2.05 to 5.96±1.60. For the acidity, the higher value was 0.93± 0.15 (Bissap juice) and the lowest was 0.64± 0.02 (Tamarind juice). For proteins, the high value was 44.15 ± 0.11 (Milk Mint Juice) and the low value was 38.15 ± 0.11 (Ginger Juice). As for dry matter, the highest value was found in ginger juice (44.76 ±0.02) and the lowest in bissap juice (40.96 ±0.01). Soft drinks sold in Williamsville schools contain such potentially pathogenic species as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus with a wide range of loadings in the drinks. Escherichia coli was not identified. No Salmonella was observed in the different soft drinks analyzed. The presence of potentially pathogenic germs could pose a danger to school children.

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