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Objective: Drug-induced cutaneous reactions are common problem in our country and can range from simple rash to severe reactions. Early recognition of these reactions enables early identification and withdrawal of offending drugs, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. So present study aimed to assess clinical pattern of drug-induced cutaneous reactions in Dermatology OPD.Methods: This study was an open, non-comparative, non-interventional, observational study conducted on patients visiting dermatology department to see the clinical pattern of drug-induced cutaneous reactions. A total of 60 patients with suspected cutaneous adverse drug reactions were recruited. A detailed physical examination was done by a physician, including drug intake during 3 w preceding reactions and type of drug reactions.Results: Most frequently reported cutaneous drug reactions were Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (23%), Maculopapular rash (18%) Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (15%) and were caused by antiepileptic drugs in 21(35%) patients, followed by antibiotics in 17(28.33%) cases, NSAID’s in 7(11.6%) cases, antitubercular drugs in 3(5%) and antiretroviral drugs in 3(5%) cases. A high proportioned of these reactions (50%) were moderate (31%) of these were severe because they require hospitalisation or increased the duration of stay in hospital or were life-threatening in (1%). Principal offending drug was phenytoin.Conclusion: A good knowledge of ADRs, a careful history taking and watchful approach while prescribing of drugs can prevent many of adverse drug reactions. These facts justify the development of an intensive programme of pharmacovigilance.
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Objective: The present study aimed to ensure the safety and related potential adverse effects following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination (AZD1222) in a scenario when numerous vaccines have been approved on an emergency basis by the WHO and other regulatory agencies to prevent the widespread of COVID-19 infection and to decrease the associated mortality and morbidity.Methods: This study was an open, non-comparative, non-interventional, observational study conducted on healthcare workers of BPS Govt. medical college for women and elderly people who received the first dose of COVID-19 vaccinationChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) by conducting their interviews and recording the dataResults: Between January and March 2021, a total of 1907 participants were enrolled in this study. Out of 1907 recipients, 70 recipients reports adverse drug events following vaccination. Myalgia (0.629%), headache (1.31%), fever (? 37.5 °C, 0.839%) and fever with chills (? 37.5 °C, 1.048) were the most common adverse events after the first dose of vaccination of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222. Throat irritation (0.209 %) and Generalised itching (0.262) were the least common adverse events.Conclusion: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Astrazeneca) has an acceptable safety profile as observed in this study. To our knowledge, very few studies are done that review the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Further safety data from a larger sample size and of longer duration are warranted to establish safety
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India is likely to have the highest absolute burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related morbidity and mortality in the world. The prevalence of risk-factors (RFs) is high, particularly in the young, and a strategy to reduce RF prevalence in a large population needs to be developed. It is possible to modify risk factors at the individual level or at the population level. The latter is likely to have a greater impact. Current evidence shows that the reduction of risk factors such as BP or serum cholesterol from any level (rather than above a particular threshold) confers potential benefits. At present, lifestyle interventions have not demonstrated the benefits in reducing CVD related mortality and morbidity. A polypharmacotherapy strategy (2-3 BP lowering drugs, a statin, and aspirin) has promise to considerably reduce CVD-related mortality and morbidity. Such a therapy could target a large proportion of the population, intervene simultaneously on multiple RFs, and have wide acceptability. Cost and adherence are important issues for the success of this strategy. Adherence is suboptimal even for secondary prevention. A fixed-dose combination (FDC) of these drugs may improve adherence and reduce costs. But prior to recommending the wide-spread use of an FDC polypharmacotherapy strategy, studies are required to systematically evaluate its efficacy and safety and then determine the adherence, cost, and acceptability in the population. Studies are ongoing in India and other countries to determine the role of FDC polypharmacotherapy in the primary prevention of CVD. Such FDC therapy may reduce costs, improve adherence, and reduce CVD events at the population level; especially in developing countries such as India.
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Ischaemic heart disease and stroke are among the most common causes of death and disability in the world. The Indian subcontinent (including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal) has among the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally. Previous reports have highlighted the high CVD rates among South Asian immigrants living in Western countries, but the enormous CVD burden within the Indian subcontinent itself has been underemphasized. In this review, we discuss the existing data on the prevalence of CVD and its risk factors in the Indian subcontinent. We also review recent evidence indicating that the burden of coronary heart disease in the Indian subcontinent is largely explained on the basis of traditional risk factors, which challenges the common thinking that South Asian ethnicity per se is a strong independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Finally, we suggest measures to implement in policy, capacity building, and research to address the CVD epidemic in the Indian subcontinent.