A Comparison of the Factor Analysis on Smoking Cessation Success between Inpatient Smoking Cessation Program and Residential Smoking Cessation Program

Background@#Since 2015, Smoking cessation program have been provided by the local smoking cessation support center in Korea. This program consisted of a 5-days of residential smoking cessation program and an inpatient program. This article is to assist smokers to quit smoking by analyzing and comparing the success factor in smoking cessation from the two different programs. @*Methods@#This study was conducted with a total of 996 participants from the residential smoking cessation program and the inpatient program, from January 2018 to December 2020 at the University Hospitals. Based on the registration card information, we did a retrospective research. Success defines that the smoking cessation continued after 6 months of program participation when it is confirmed by urine cotinine test or phone consultation. The outcome of this study was performed by cross-tabulation analysis and regression analysis. @*Results@#The findings show that the expected value of success in smoking cessation is higher as the subject is older in their age (P<0.05 in 60s or older), and more frequent consultations (P<0.01) in both programs. The nicotine dependency (P<0.01), social security system (P<0.01), and drinking experience (P=0.01) showed a meaningful correlation to success in smoking cessation in the residential program. @*Conclusions@#It is required to improve the smoking cessation program to active intervention with frequent consultations when providing these two programs.

A Comparison of the Factor Analysis on Smoking Cessation Success between Inpatient Smoking Cessation Program and Residential Smoking Cessation Program

Background@#Since 2015, Smoking cessation program have been provided by the local smoking cessation support center in Korea. This program consisted of a 5-days of residential smoking cessation program and an inpatient program. This article is to assist smokers to quit smoking by analyzing and comparing the success factor in smoking cessation from the two different programs. @*Methods@#This study was conducted with a total of 996 participants from the residential smoking cessation program and the inpatient program, from January 2018 to December 2020 at the University Hospitals. Based on the registration card information, we did a retrospective research. Success defines that the smoking cessation continued after 6 months of program participation when it is confirmed by urine cotinine test or phone consultation. The outcome of this study was performed by cross-tabulation analysis and regression analysis. @*Results@#The findings show that the expected value of success in smoking cessation is higher as the subject is older in their age (P<0.05 in 60s or older), and more frequent consultations (P<0.01) in both programs. The nicotine dependency (P<0.01), social security system (P<0.01), and drinking experience (P=0.01) showed a meaningful correlation to success in smoking cessation in the residential program. @*Conclusions@#It is required to improve the smoking cessation program to active intervention with frequent consultations when providing these two programs.

Effects of Indoor Air Purifiers on Children with Asthma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of air purifiers on the concentrations of indoor air pollutants and on asthma control in children.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized crossover trial, daily use of an air purifier filter was compared with a matched placebo with the filter off. Thirty elementary school students who had asthma were enrolled and randomly allocated to one of two groups. The primary endpoints were changes in indoor air quality, asthma severity, lung function, airway inflammatory, urine microbiome, and phthalate after the installation of air purifiers. PM(2.5) and CO₂ were measured as indoor air pollutants. Asthma severity was assessed in terms of both symptom and medication scores acquired using a daily questionnaire. The higher the score, the better the symptom or the less frequent the use of medication. Peak expiratory flow rate and fractional exhaled nitric oxide were also measured.RESULTS: The mean age of the enrolled patients was 9.2±1.98 years. The mean concentration of PM2.5 was 17.0 µg/m³ in the filter-off condition, but significantly lower at 9.26 µg/m³ in the filter-on condition. Medication scores were 6.9 for the filter-off and 7.12 for the filter-on conditions, reflecting a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of medications used during air purifier operation. Bacterial richness, as determined using the Chao 1 index, was markedly lower in the filter-on than the filter-off condition.CONCLUSION: This study suggests that air purifiers benefit medication burden in children with asthma by reducing PM(2.5) levels.

Successfully treated isolated renal artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with Behçet's disease

Renal artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are an uncommon clinical problem with a low incidence rate. They are abnormal dilatations of the vessel lumen with some different natures. However, the rupture of an aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm is the most dreaded complication because it causes death of the patient. There are many causes of renal artery aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm, including Behçet's disease; however, renal involvement in Behçet's disease is less frequent. We report a case of renal artery pseudoaneurysm induced by Behçet's disease and treated successfully with coil embolization. A 56-year-old woman with Behçet's disease presented with an incidental left renal artery pseudoaneurysm measuring 18 mm. We successfully performed endovascular treatment with coil embolization instead of surgical treatment.

Successful Treatment of BK Virus-Associated Hemorrhagic Cystitis in a Kidney Transplant Patient: a Case Report / 대한내과학회지

Hemorrhagic cystitis is defined as diffuse mucosal inflammation of the urinary bladder that presents with gross hematuria. A variety of factors, including chemotherapeutic agents, radiation therapy and infection, can cause hemorrhagic cystitis. Among them, BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis is common in patients who have undergone stem cell transplantation but relatively rare in kidney transplantation patients. Here, we present the case of a kidney-transplant patient with BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis and interstitial nephritis who was successfully treated with leflunomide and ciprofloxacin.

Stroke in a Young Individual with Left Ventricular Noncompaction and Left Atrium Standstill

Isolated left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy with morphologic characteristics of two distinct myocardial layers i.e., thin compacted epicardial and thick noncompacted endocardial layers. The noncompacted myocardium consists of prominent ventricular trabeculae and deep intertrabecular recesses. It can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure or systemic embolisms. Electrocardiographic patterns of patients with LVNC are various and non-specific; however, the most common findings are intraventricular conduction delay, left ventricular hypertrophy, and repolarization abnormalities. We reported the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of a 29-year-old man who had recent cerebral infarction and incidental LVNC with spontaneous left atrial standstill.

Utilization Status and Awareness of School Foodservice Dietitians Regarding Medicinal Cuisine in Yeoungdong, Gangwon-do

This study investigated the attitudes of dietitians regarding medicinal cuisine for school meal services. Data was obtained with self-administered questionnaires from 261 dietitians in schools located in Yeoungdong, Gangwon-do. Subjects were distributed into three groups (Elementary=116, Middle=106, High=39) and their awareness, satisfaction, cooking method, and utilization status of medicial cuisine were assessed. Regarding awareness, responders showed highest mean score of 4.57 in perceiving medical cuisines as healthy meal. The preferred cooking method includes medicinal cuisines as noodle, boiled in soy sauce, steaming, roasting, and dessert. Good taste, easy recipe, nutrition, and reasonable price were statistically significant reasons for their preference for medicinal cuisine. However, low preference of students for medicinal cuisine made it difficult to include them into school meals. Methods currently used to serve more medicinal cuisine include the application of different recipes using the same ingredients. The results of this study suggest that having dietitians with a higher preference for medicinal cuisine can serve as a strategy to increase the exposure of school students to medicinal cuisine. The development of recipes applicable to school foodservices by dieticians and the adoption of policies and education programs for medicinal cuisine by the government and associations are recommended.

A case of ampullary gangliocytic paraganglioma

Gangliocytic paragangliomas (GPs) are rare tumors of the duodenum, presenting as single sessile or pedunculated polypoid masses. Clinical manifestations of duodenal GPs can vary from an incidental finding at endoscopy to frequent upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by mucosal ulceration and abdominal pain. GPs are considered benign, but the disease can recur and spread to regional lymph nodes. A 41-year-old female presented with abdominal pain. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a subepithelial tumor of the ampulla of Vater in the second portion of the duodenum. The tumor was resected using the endoscopic mucosal resection technique. The tumor was diagnosed as benign GP of the duodenum using histological and immunohistochemical staining procedures.

Radiation Safety in the Treatment of Patients with Thyroid Disease by 131I / 대한갑상선학회지

Radioactive iodine (131I) therapy is a well established treatment modality for patient with hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy. Patients may sometimes need to be hospitalized to reduce radiation exposure of other people and relatives from radioactive patients receiving 131I therapy. This review was prepared to present suggestions and recommendations to health providers with reasoned instructions on radiation safety for patients, their families, caregivers, and the public after 131I therapy. The recommendations should help to ensure compliance and reduce the potential for harmful radiation exposure to others, and also to recognize that required actions may differ when attaining compliance with existing local regulations of other jurisdictions. Most of reported suggestions and recommendations are based on data derived from relevant measurements of radiation exposure, 131I clearance and excretion, and reports of the impact of precautions in limiting radiation exposure. We have quoted many descriptions from American Thyroid Association Guidelines in this review, which was published recently and emphasize the roles of the treating physician and the radiation safety officer in individualizing the precautions for each patient while allowing the referring physician to assist in preparing appropriate and adequate pre- and post-therapy actions. We tried to summarize the reported scientific papers and recommendations to provide general principle of radiation protection and some delicate issues in radiation safety after radioiodine therapy for the thyroid disease, to lower radiation exposure from patients to public and medical.

Accuracy of Predictive Equations for Resting Metabolic Rate in Korean College Students / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study is to analyze the accuracy of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate (RMR) in Korean college students. Subjects were 60 healthy Korean college students (30 males, 30 females) aged 18-25 years. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. Predicted RMRs were calculated using the Harris-Benedict, Schofield (W)/(WH), FAO/ WHO/UNU(W)/(WH), Owen, Mifflin, Cunningham, Liu, IMNA and Henry (W)/(WH) equations. The accuracy of the equations was evaluated on basis of accurate prediction (the percentage of subjects whose RMR was predicted within90% to 110% of the RMR measured), mean difference, RMSPE, mean % difference, limits of agreement of Bland- Altman method between predicted and measured RMR. Measured RMR of male and female students were 1833.4 +/- 307.4 kcal/day and 1454.3 +/- 208.0 kcal/day, respectively. All predictive equations underestimated measured RMR. Of the predictive equations tested, the Harris-Benedict equation (mean difference: -80.4 kcal/day, RMSPE: 236 kcal/day, mean % difference: -3.1%) was the most accurate and precise, but accurate prediction of the equation was only 42%. Thus, this study suggests that the ethnicity-specific predictive equation from Korean people should be developed to improve the accuracy of predicted RMR for Koreans.

Effect of Body Composition, Serum Lipid Level and Resting Metabolic Rate by Nutritional Education and Exercise Program in Middle Aged Women

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of body composition, biochemical index level, resting metabolic rate and daily activities by the public health center's health-promoted program in overweight middle aged women. The workout program of 12 subjects constituted by exercise(aerobic exercise & resistance training) and nutritional education for 10 weeks. As the results, there was a significant decrease in all the weight(59.0+/-8.9 vs 57.2+/-8.3kg, p<0.05), body fat percentage(33.4+/-4.3 vs 30.5+/-4.5%, p<0.05) and body fat mass(19.8+/-5.4 vs 17.7+/-4.9kg, p<0.05) after program. Fat free mass and RMR which tend to be higher after than before program were found not to be significantly. In addition, the serum HDL-cholesterol(54.3+/-8.1 vs 59.7+/-13.9mg/dl, p<0.05) and TG level(65.2+/-418 vs 89.4+/-65.6mg/dl, p<0.05) of the subjects increased at the end of the study significantly and significant correlation found between total-cholesterol and TG before program. When the other laboratory parameter were compared before and after program, hematocrit(35.1+/-3.3 vs 39.7+/-3.3%, p<0.001), platelet(225.9+/-49.6 vs 244.3+/-49.7cell/ul, p<0.05) and fasting glucose(88.0+/-6.5 vs 76.6+/-9.7mg/dl, p<0.001) increased significantly but hemoglobin(13.3+/-1.3 vs 12.9+/-1.3mg/dl, p<0.01) decreased. And in activities analysis, 'moderate activity(18.8 vs 5.8minutes, p<0.05)' clearly showed a significant decrease but 'severe activity(17.7 vs 11.4minutes, p<0.05)' showed a increase. These results suggest that continuous health-promoted program involved exercise and nutritional education at the public health center are effective to reduce body fat and to improve resting metabolic rate(RMR). Further research is required to develop more effective public health program for the middle aged women in community.

Comparison of Measured and Predicted Resting Metabolic Rate of 30-40 aged Korean Women

The purposes of this study were to measure the resting metabolic rate(RMR) of 30-40 year old women and to compare it with values predicted using published equations. Body weight, height and body fat of subjects were measured. RMR was measured by two indirect calorimeter(method 1 and method 2). RMR was predicted using various equations. Average height, weight and body fat(%) of subjects were 158.6cm, 59.1kg and 30.9%, respectively. The RMR(1621.2+/-301.5 kcal/day) measured by portable indirect calorimeter(method 2) was significantly higher than RMR(1447.4+/-223.6 kcal/day) measured by typical indirect calorimeter(method 1). Comparison of measured RMR with predicted RMRs suggested that there was a least difference in RMR predicted by equation of Cunningham. According to RMSPEs(Root Mean Squared Prediction Errors), equations of Cunningham and body surface area were found to predict measured RMR(by method 1) most accurately (within 239.1kcal/day and 232.9kcal/day, respectively). The fat free mass and fat mass - adjusted correlation showed that measured RMR(by method 1) had negative relationships with muscle mass(r = -0.873) and fat free mass(r = -0.866). The equations of Cunningham and body surface area provide relatively accurate estimates of RMR when determining energy needs of 30-40 aged women. There are needs for development of RMR predicted equations that are derived from large samples of Korean.