Age-related changes for the predictors of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Chinese men aged 40 years or older / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the age-stratified normal levels and age-related changes in the risk predictors of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) progression. A total of 4706 male participants aged 40 years or older in Zhengzhou (China) were enrolled. The values of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume (PV), and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) significantly increased with age. Nonlinear relationships between age and IPSS scores ≥8 (P for nonlinearity = 0.046), PSA level ≥1.6 ng ml-1, PV ≥31 ml, or PVR ≥39 ml (all P for nonlinearity <0.001) were observed. After the age of 61 years, the risk indicators related to BPH progression were positively correlated with age (odds ratio [OR] >1), regardless of the predictors of the IPSS score, PSA level, PV, or PVR; and the OR values increased gradually. Therefore, after the age of 61 years, the risk predictors related to BPH progression were positively correlated with age.

Efficacy and Safety of Mulberry Twig Alkaloids Tablet for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Clinical Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the efficacy and safety of mulberry twig alkaloids (Sangzhi alkaloids, SZ-A) for treatment of type 2 diabetes in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial.@*METHODS@#A total of 200 patients were randomized to receive SZ-A (n=100) or placebo (n=100) for 16 weeks. The data analysis system for electronic data capture clinical trial central randomization system was used for randomization and dispensing of drugs. The primary outcome was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. The secondary outcome included the proportions of cases with HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c <6.5%, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), area under curve for the PBG (AUC0-2h), body weight, and body mass index (BMI). Adverse events (AEs), severe adverse events (SAEs), treatment-related adverse events (TAEs), gastrointestinal disorders (GDs), blood pressure, routine blood tests, and liver and kidney function were monitored.@*RESULTS@#Compared with baseline, the change of HbA1c at week 16 was -0.80% (95% CI: -0.98% to -0.62%) and -0.09% (95% CI: -0.27% to 0.09%) in SZ-A group and placebo group, respectively. The proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% and <6.5% was higher in the SZ-A group than in the placebo group (46.8% vs. 21.6% and 29.9% vs. 10.8%). The observed values and changes in FBG, 1 h-PBG, 2 h-PBG, and AUC0-2h differed significantly between groups (P<0.001), but differences were not significant in body weight and BMI (P>0.05). The incidence rates of AEs, TAEs, and GDs differed significantly between groups (P=0.010, P=0.005, and P=0.006, respectively), whereas the incidence rates of SAEs showed no significant differences between groups (P=1.000).@*CONCLUSION@#SZ-A are effective and safe for treatment of type 2 diabetes. The protocol was registered in http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=60117 (ChiCTR2000038550).

Analysis of clinical and imaging features of cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 gene missense mutations in five cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy patients / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical and imaging features of five patients of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) with cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 gene missense mutations and explore potential pathogenicity of gene mutations.Methods:The clinical data from five patients who were admitted to the People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2017 to November 2018 were collected. The patients were found to carry cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 gene mutations through genetic testing and diagnosed pathologically. They were probands confirmed from five unrelated family and all five patients were performed full exon detection and skin biopsy.Results:Genetic testing identified five patients with cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 gene missense mutations, a total of five different mutations, including p.R75Q, p.D80G, p.V237M, p.S1418L and p.R1761H. The first three mutations were found in the epidermal growth factor-like repeats (EGFr), the latter two mutations near the transmembrane domain. Granular osmiophilic material was identified in all cases examined with skin biopsy. The age at initial symptom onset of these five cases was ranged from 22 to 58 years and three cases presented cardiovascular risk factors. The primary clinical manifestations included migraine in one case, ischemic stroke in three cases, psychiatric disturbances in four cases, cognitive dysfunction in five cases, while gait disturbance, pseudobulbar palsy, and seizures accounted for only one case each. Magnetic resonance imaging of five patients all showed white matter hyperintensities (WMLs) and lacunar infarcts, and WMLs involved the anterior temporal pole and external capsules in three cases separately. According to the criteria proposed by Mui?o et al for evaluating the pathogenicity of cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 mutations, all five mutations are potentially pathogenic.Conclusions:Most characteristics of CADASIL patients with cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 gene mutations are similar to those of CADASIL patients with cysteine NOTCH3 gene mutations. Mutations not involving the EGFr may also have potential pathogenicity, and the specific mechanism still needs further study.

Analysis of a family with early onset familial Alzheimer′s disease caused by mutation of amyloid precursor protein gene p.V717I / 中华神经科杂志

Objective@#To analyze the clinical data of a family with early-onset familial Alzheimer′s disease and to analyze the mutation of the pathogenic gene in the family.@*Methods@#The clinical data of a proband who was clinically diagnosed as early-onset Alzheimer′s disease in the Department of Neurology, People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University in October 2018 and her family members were collected. Moreover, whole exome sequencing was performed on blood sample from the proband, then its deleterious effects were assessed according to the Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants, a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genomics. Subsequently, the strong pathogenic mutation was validated by Sanger sequencing in the some members of the family and 50 sporadic Alzheimer′s disease and 50 normal individuals of the family. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) typing of 10 family members was all epsilon 3/epsilon 3.@*Results@#The proband in this family showed decreased memory, visual space disorder, verbal repetition, personality change and abnormal mental behavior. The mutation at codon 717 of exon 17 of the proband amyloid precursor protein gene was detected by gene detection. The mutation at codon 717 of exon 17 of the proband beta-amyloid precursor protein gene was also found in the other five members of the family. The mutation was not found in 50 sporadic Alzheimer′s disease patients and 50 normal individuals outside the family. The proband′s head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral hippocampal atrophy on plain scan, especially on the left side. No obvious abnormality was found in the head magnetic resonance angiography. The head MRI of the proband′s sister showed brain atrophy and bilateral hippocampal atrophy.@*Conclusions@#The study identified the pathogenic mutation of the beta-amyloid precursor protein gene p.V717I in six patients of a family with early-onset familial Alzheimer′s disease, and the mutation showed a phenomenon of family segregation. This finding is of great significance to the study of early-onset Alzheimer′s disease in Chinese population.

Analysis of a family with early onset familial Alzheimer′s disease caused by mutation of amyloid precursor protein gene p.V717I / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical data of a family with early?onset familial Alzheimer′s disease and to analyze the mutation of the pathogenic gene in the family. Methods The clinical data of a proband who was clinically diagnosed as early?onset Alzheimer′s disease in the Department of Neurology, People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University in October 2018 and her family members were collected. Moreover, whole exome sequencing was performed on blood sample from the proband, then its deleterious effects were assessed according to the Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants, a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genomics. Subsequently, the strong pathogenic mutation was validated by Sanger sequencing in the some members of the family and 50 sporadic Alzheimer′s disease and 50 normal individuals of the family. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) typing of 10 family members was all epsilon 3/epsilon 3. Results The proband in this family showed decreased memory, visual space disorder, verbal repetition, personality change and abnormal mental behavior. The mutation at codon 717 of exon 17 of the proband amyloid precursor protein gene was detected by gene detection. The mutation at codon 717 of exon 17 of the proband beta?amyloid precursor protein gene was also found in the other five members of the family. The mutation was not found in 50 sporadic Alzheimer′s disease patients and 50 normal individuals outside the family. The proband′s head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral hippocampal atrophy on plain scan, especially on the left side. No obvious abnormality was found in the head magnetic resonance angiography. The head MRI of the proband′s sister showed brain atrophy and bilateral hippocampal atrophy. Conclusions The study identified the pathogenic mutation of the beta?amyloid precursor protein gene p. V717I in six patients of a family with early?onset familial Alzheimer′s disease, and the mutation showed a phenomenon of family segregation. This finding is of great significance to the study of early?onset Alzheimer′s disease in Chinese population.

Clinical analysis of 11 cases of autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies against contactin-associated protein-like 2 / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical features,auxiliary examinations,therapies and prognoses of patients with antibodies against contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2).Methods The clinical data of 11 anti-CASPR2 encephalitis patients who were admited to the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2015 to April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The age of these 11 cases was (35.6± 19.4) years (ranged 20-74 years),and eight cases were females.There were seven cases with limbic encephalitis which included six cases of epilepsy,four cases of memory impairment,two cases of mental and behavioral abnormalities.Four cases had peripheral nerve hyperexcitability.Four cases had neuropathic pain.There were six cases with autonomic dysfunction including five cases of constipation,three cases of tachycardia,two cases of hyperhidrosis,two cases of urinary disorder.Seven cases had sleep disorder.Four cases had weight loss.Two cases showed cerebellar symptoms and two cases had hyponatremia.Magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain showed abnormal signal in two cases,mainly involved medial temporal lobe and the hippocampus.Six cases underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination,and three cases showed abnormalities,including two with temporal hypermetabolism and one with cortical hypermetabolism.Chest enhanced CT and PET-CT showed thymoma in one case.All cases received immunotherapy,and after treatment their symptoms were improved.Long-term follow-up was performed in nine cases,and three cases relapsed.Conclusions The major clinical manifestations of anti-CASPR2 encephalitis were limbic encephalitis,peripheral nerve hyperexcitability,neuropathic pain,autonomic dysfunction,insomnia and so on.Immunotherapy was effective and some patients may have recurrence.

Pedigree study of hereditary small cerebral vascular disease caused by c.821G＞A heterozygous mutation of HtrA serine protease-1 gene / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,imaging features,molecular genetic characteristics and possible pathogenic mechanisms of hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) caused by heterozygous mutation of HtrA serine protease-1 (HTRA1) gene.Methods The clinical data of a Chinese Han family with CSVD carrying a heterozygous mutation of HTRA 1 gene,which came from the Department of Neurology,Henan Provincial People's Hospital in March 2018,were analyzed retrospectively.The clinical and radiographic features were summarized.Several high-throughput whole exon high-throughput sequencing was used to capture the mutation sites and the Sanger sequencing was used to validate the results.The family diagram was drawn and the 3D model construction and mutation function prediction were performed using silico tools.The relevant literature was reviewed and the pathogenesis was explored.Results The pedigree map showed that the family had an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.Three generations of the family were investigated,and three family members in the same generation suffered from the disease.The first symptom of the proband was diplopia at the age of 39,accompanied by recurrent stroke,cognitive impairment and mood disorders,without alopecia.Head magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral diffuse,symmetric lesions,multiple lacunar infarcts,perivascular space,and microbleeds.The elder sister of the proband developed symptoms of left limb weakness at the age of 46,whose other clinical and imaging features were similar to those of the proband.The proband's mother died at the age of 59 due to repeated strokes.Whole exon sequencing indicated heterozygous missense mutation at c.821G＞A locus of HTRA1 gene in the proband and her 4th elder sibling,which was a new pathogenic mutation after consulting several mutation sites of databases.Function prediction suggested pathogenicity.Conclusions The heterozygous mutation of c.821G＞A in HTRA1 gene may lead to autosomal dominant CVSD.This genetic type should be given clinical attention.

The relationship between autophagy activation in spinal cord and type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between autophagy function in spinal cord and type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain in rats.@*METHODS@#Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a high-sugar, high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce the insulin resistance, and then received a single intraperitoneal streptozocin (STZ) injection to establish type 2 diabetes rat model. Two weeks after STZ injection, mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of rats were detected, the rats with MWT and TWL decreasing to below 80% compared to baseline were chosen as type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain rats (group DNP, =24), the rest of the rats were chosen as type 2 diabetic non-neuropathic pain rats (group DA, =18). And another 18 normal rats randomly selected from the total were classified as control group (group C) and fed with common forage for 8 weeks. The MWT and TWL were measured again on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day after determining the grouping of DA and DNP, and then, the lumbar segments 4~6 of the spinal cord were removed from the executed rats for determination of the expressions of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)、Beclin-1and P62 by Western blot. The co-expressions of P62 with GFAP or OX-42 or NeuN in spinal dorsal horn were detected in another 6 lumbar segments of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) rats on the 7th day by immunofluorescence double dye method.@*RESULTS@#Compared with group C, the insulin level was increased and ISI decreased in SD rats fed with high-sugar, high-fat diet, that meant the rats in insulin-resistance. After STZ injection, blood glucose rose to the standard of type 2 diabetes mellitus, i.e. ≥ 16.7 mmol/L. Compared with group C and group DA, MWT was significantly decreased, TWL shortened and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 in the spinal dorsal horn up-regulated, P62 expression down-regulated on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day in group DNP (<0.05). P62 was mainly localized in spinal dorsal horn and coexisted with neurons, and spots of P62 immunoreactivity could be detected in a few microglia but not observed in astrocyte.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The changes in expression of LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin-1 and P62 in spinal cord of type 2 diabetes neuropathic pain rats means autophagy activation of spinal, up-regulated autophagy of neurons in spinal dorsal horn mainly involves in the formation and development of type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain in rats.

Feasibility and Effectiveness of Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty Under Echocardiographic Guidance Only / 中国循环杂志

Objectives: The present first-in-human study aimed to assess the feasibility of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) for the treatment of isolated mitral stenosis (MS) under echocardiography guidance only. Methods: Data were obtained from 24 consecutive patients with severe MS, who underwent PBMV from October 2016 to October 2017 under the guidance of echocardiography only. Outpatient follow-up including chest radiography, electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography was conducted at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post procedure. Results: PBMV was successful in all 24 patients under echocardiography guidance without radiation and contrast agent. Mitral transvalvular pressure gradient derived invasive catheterization measurement dropped from(15.0±5.1) mmHg to (6.7±2.9) mmHg (P<0.01). Mitral valve area increased from (0.8±0.1) cm2at pre-PBMV to (1.7±0.1) cm2post-PBMV (P<0.01). Mean balloon diameter was (26.7±1.2) mm. Mild mitral regurgitation developed in 8 patients. Mean follow-up duration was (7.4±3.1) months. At the last follow-up, mitral valve area remained high (1.6±0.1) cm2and mean transmitral pressure gradient remained low (9.0±4.3) mmHg. No pericardial effusion or peripheral vascular complications occurred. Conclusions: In this patient cohort, PBMV could be successfully performed with echocardiography as the single imaging guidance modality, this procedure is safe and effective and avoids the radiation exposure and contrast agent use.

Application of Pulmonary Vein Deployment Technique for Percutaneous Closure of Atrial Septal Defect Solely Under Echocardiography Guidance / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of pulmonary vein deployment technique for percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) solely under echocardiography guidance. Methods: A total of 38 ASD patients received pulmonary vein deployment in our hospital from 2012-10 to 2016-09 since the conventional method could not deliver the occluder to correct place. The patients were with the mean age at (16.0±15.6) years, body weight at (37.2±22.9) kg and ASD diameter at (17.1±4.2) mm. Operative effect was assessed by echocardiography. Follow-up study was conducted at 1, 3, 6, 12 months post-operation and at each year thereafter. Results: 37 patients were successfully finished pulmonary vein deployment for percutaneous closure of ASD solely under echocardiography guidance. One patient was successfully treated by a controlled steerable sheath. The mean operative time was (25.2±5.1) min and mean diameter of ASD occluder was (22.9±5.6) mm. 2 patients had trivial residual shunt at the early post-operative stage. No peripheral vascular injury, pulmonary vein and cardiac perforation occurred. All 38 patients were recovered and discharged. The average in-hospital time was (2.9±0.7) days. The patients were followed-up for (23.9±15.4) months, without complications of residual shunt, pericardial effusion, aortic regurgitation and pulmonary vein stenosis. Conclusion: Pulmonary vein deployment technique for percutaneous closure of ASD solely under echocardiography guidance was safe and effective; it can avoid radiation damage and provided a simple and practical method for ASD patients who failed to conventional method under echocardiography guidance.

Analysis on chemical constituents from rat kidney tissue of Juglans mandshurica based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS / 中草药

Objective To analyze the chemical constituents from rat kidney tissue of Juglans mandshurica by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Methods The kidney tissue was collected after oral administration of ethanol extract of J. mandshurica. The gradient elution was performed using a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), 0.1% formic acid water (A), and 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile (B) mobile phase system. An electrospray (ESI) ion source was used for mass spectrometry to collect data in positive ion mode. Combined with Peakview 2.0/masterview 1.0 and Metabolitepilot data analysis software, the kidney tissue components of J. mandshurica were identified by comparing the retention time, isotope kurtosis ratio, exact mass of the parent ion, and MS/MS fragment. Results Twenty-four chemical constituents including 16 prototypic components and eight metabolites were identified from rat kidney tissue, which contains 12 naphthoquinones, five flavonoids, three diarylheptanoids, and four triterpenoids. Conclusion The prototype components and metabolites of kidney tissue of J. mandshurica were determined. In further study, it provides reference for the safety and effectiveness of the treatment of J. mandshurica and provides a methodological reference for its in vivo composition and tissue distribution.

Effects of Prior Antiplatelet Therapy on the Prognosis of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Antiplatelet therapy (APT) was prevalently being used in the prevention of vascular disease, but the influence of prior APT on the prognosis of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains controversial. This meta-analysis was to explore the effects of prior APT on the prognosis of patients with primary ICH.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PubMed and Embase were searched to identify the eligible studies. The studies comparing the mortality of ICH patients with or without prior APT were included. The quality of these studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The adjusted or unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for mortality between ICH patients with and without prior APT were pooled with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as the effect of this meta-analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and exhibited high qualities. The pooled OR was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.13-1.66, P = 0.001) for univariate analysis and 1.41 (95% CI: 1.05-1.90, P = 0.024) for multivariate analysis. The meta-regression indicated that for each 1-day increase in the time of assessment, the adjusted OR for the mortality of APT patients decreased by 0.0049 (95% CI: 0.0006-0.0091, P = 0.026) as compared to non-APT patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prior APT was associated with high mortality in patients with ICH that might be attributed primarily to its strong effect on early time.</p>

Safety and efficacy of percutaneous transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect under transesophageal echocardiography guidance in children / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) under transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study included 20 cases of patients with ASD. The patients were (4.2 ± 1.2) years old and the mean body weights were (18.2 ± 4.2) kg. The diameter of ASD before closure was (13.4 ± 3.3) mm . All procedures were guided under TEE. Procedure success was evaluated by TEE immediately after procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Closure devices were successfully implanted in all 20 patients under TEE guidance. The diameter of closure devices was 14-26 mm. There were no procedure related complications. The ventilation time was (2.9 ± 0.8)h and the hospitalization time was (3.2 ± 0.7) days.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TEE guided percutaneous transcatheter closure is safe and effective for patients with ASD and avoids the radiation damages.</p>

Clinical significance of HA117, mdr1, mrp1, lrp and bcrp resistance genes expressions in children with acute leukemia / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the expressions of the HA117,mdr1,mrp1,lrp and bcrp genes in bone marrow mononuclear cells(BMMNC) with acute leukemia (AL) and the clinical significance in AL.Methods Expressions of HA117,mdr1,mrp1,lrp and bcrp genes in 81 children with AL and 14 children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were tested using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.Results 1.The expressions of HA117,mdr1,mrp1,lrp and bcrp genes in AL patients were higher than that in ITP children.And the expressions of these genes in refractory-relapsed patients also higher than that in the initially diagnosed patients or remission patients.2.The first complete remission (CR1) rate in HA117 and lrp positive cases was lower than that in negative cases(all P ＜ 0.05),but the CR1 rates in mdr1,mrp1 and bcrp positive cases had no significant difference from it in negative cases(all P ＞ 0.05).3.Correlation analysis showed:there was no correlation between the expression of HA117 and mdr1 or HA117 and rnrp1 or HA117 and 1rp or HA117 and bcrp in childhood AL(r =0.031,0.319,0.203,0.176,11.178,all P ＞ 0.05).mdr1 and mrp1 or mdr1 and bcrp or lrp and bcrp had obviously positive correlation (r =0.260,0.308,0.317,all P ＜ 0.05).In refractory-relapsed group,HA117 and rndr1 or rnrp1 or lrp or bcrp had obviously perfect positive correlation.Conclusions The gene HA117 and mdr1,mrp1,lrp,bcrp may be associated with muhidrug resistance of AL in children,therefore the detection of HA117 expression is helpful in management of AL patients.Comparing to the mdr1 or mrp1 or bcrp genes,the genes of HA117 and lrp can better predict the multidrug resistance in childhood AL.

The Value of 256-Slice Spiral CT Angiography in Internal Thoracic Artery / 天津医药

Objective To study the value of 256-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in internal thoracic artery. Methods The angiographic images of 107 patients who were suspected thoracic and abdominal aortic diseases were retrospectively ana-lyzed. The running rule and branches of internal thoracic artery on both sides were observed. Each side of the internal thorac-ic artery was divided into 3 sections according to the running rule. The lumen diameter, vessel length and its branches were measured in three segmental vascular of the internal thoracic artery. The lumen diameter of the diaphragmatic artery diame-ter,and the distance between internal thoracic artery and each border of the sternum were also measured. Results Both sides of the internal thoracic and diaphragmatic arteries were shown in 107 patients (100%). There were significant differenc-es in vascular lumen diameter of intrathoracic artery of both sides (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences between both sides of the corresponding segments (P>0.05). The left internal thoracic artery was significantly longer in the left side than that of right side (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences between the diameter of diaphragmatic arteries and the distance between the internal thoracic artery and the sternal edge of two sides (P>0.05). Conclusion The application of 256-slice spiral CT angiography can clearly show the running rule and anatomical features of internal thoracic artery ,and provide a relatively important clinical information.

Anti-angiogenesis effect of generation 4 polyamidoamine/vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on breast cancer in vitro / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of the generation 4 polyamidoamine/vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN) compound on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its mRNA of breast cancer cells and on the inhibition of vascular endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We examined the morphology of G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN compound and its pH stability, in vitro transfection efficiency and toxicity, and the expressions of VEGF and its mRNA. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to detect the inhibitory function of the compound on vascular endothelial cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The compound was about 10 nm in diameter and was homogeneously netlike. From pH 5 to 10, it showed quite a buffered ability. The 48-h transfection rate in the charge ratio of 1:40 was 98.76%, significantly higher than that of the liposome group (P<0.05). None of the transfection products showed obvious toxicity on the cells. The expressions of both VEGF protein and its mRNA after G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN transfection decreased markedly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With a low toxicity, high safety, and high transfection rate, G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN could be a promising gene vector. Specifically, it inhibits VEGF gene expression efficiently, laying a basis for further in vivo animal studies.</p>

Anti-angiogenesis effect of G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN on breast cancer in vitro / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN compound on expression of VEGF and VEGF mRNA in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and the growth inhibition of vascular endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The diameter of G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN granule was measured by transmission electron microscopy, and its stability under different pH was also observed. The efficiency of transfection in vitro was detected by flow cytometer and the positively transfected cells were detected by laser scanning confocal microscope. The survival rate and the inhibitory rate of vascular endothelial cells were determined by MTT assay. The expression of protein VEGF was detected by immunohistochemical method and the expression of VEGF mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The diameter of G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN granules was about 10 nm and it arranged as homogeneous netlike. Under pH 5-10 G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN presented highly stable and no dissociation was observed with different charge ratios. The 48-hour transfection rate of G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN in charge ratio of 1:40 was significantly higher than that of the lipofectamine group. None of the transfection products in each group showed cell toxicity. The staining of VEGF protein in the cytoplasm of MDA-MB-231 cells after G4PAMAM/ASODN transfection weakened markedly, and the positive expression rate decreased. Meanwhile, the VEGF mRNA expression was also decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With good stability and transfection rate, compound G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN can be a promising new nanometer vector of gene transfer system. The G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN can inhibit the expression of VEGF gene specifically and efficiently, which may be used for in vivo animal experiment.</p>