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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 37(5): 745-753, May 2004. ilus, tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-357548

RESUMEN

Dysregulation of the skin immune system (SIS) could explain the high prevalence of skin disorders in HIV+ individuals. The present study was carried out to determine whether alterations in the cell population of SIS and epidermal immunoactivation occur in the normal skin of HIV+ individuals. Forty-five biopsies were taken from the normal upper arm skin of 45 HIV+ patients and of 15 healthy controls. HIV+ individuals were divided into three categories according to their CD4 cell blood count (<200, 200-499 and 500/æl). Hematoxylin-eosin was used to stain tissue sections for morphological analysis and immunohistochemistry was used for the evaluation of the frequency of macrophages, Langerhans cells, and CD lymphocyte subsets. In addition, semiquantitative analysis of LFA-1, ICAM-1 and HLA-DR was determined in epidermal cells. Macrophages, Langerhans cells, and CD lymphocyte subsets did not differ significantly between any of the patient categories and the control group. When all HIV+ individuals were compared as a group to the control group, a significant increase in dermal CD8+ T lymphocytes (P < 0.01) and lower CD4-CD8 ratios (P < 0.01) were observed in the HIV+ individuals. Epidermal ICAM-1 and HLA-DR expression was negative in both HIV+ and normal skin biopsies. No evidence of a depletion of the SIS population or of epidermal immunoactivation in normal skin from HIV+ individuals was demonstrable, suggesting that alterations in the central immune system are not necessarily reflected in the SIS of HIV-infected patients.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Infecciones por VIH , Células de Langerhans , Piel , Biopsia , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Inmunohistoquímica
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 6(6): 272-275, Dec. 2002. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-348944

RESUMEN

A prospective study was conducted on 79 advanced immunosuppressed AIDS patients from 1997 to 1999, during which nine cases of tuberculosis (TB) were diagnosed. The main clinical and laboratory characteristics and the response to TB treatment were reviewed. The clinical manifestations of TB were: pulmonary (six cases), extrapulmonary (two cases) and disseminated (one case). These patients were being treated with highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) and were not responding. In three cases an optional regimen without rifampicin (RMP) was indicated to maintain HAART during TB treatment. A clinical response to TB treatment (disappearance of fever) was observed in 6/9 patients during a mean of 73 days (SD = 96). The three unresponsive patients were those treated without RMP. A switch to TB regimens containing RMP was proposed and successful. In our study, though it was limited by a small sample size, the response to TB regimens without rifampin was poor in immunossupressed patients failing HAART.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/tratamiento farmacológico , Antibióticos Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/complicaciones , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa , Quimioterapia Combinada , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/complicaciones
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 93(3): 391-8, May-Jun. 1998. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-209963

RESUMEN

Efforts to characterize HIV-1 polymorphism and anti-HIV immune response are being made in areas where anti-HIV/AIDS vaccines are to be employed. Anti-HIV-1 humoral immune response is being studied in infected individuals resident in Rio de Janeiro, in distinct cohorts involving recent seroconvertors, pregnant women or intravenous drug users (IDU). Comparative analysis of specificity of antibody response towards epitopes important for anti-HIV-1 immune response indicate quantitative differences between cohorts, with an exceptionally strong response in IDUs and weakest response in pregnant women. However, a comparative analysis between pregnant women cohorts from Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul indicated an even lower response (with exception of the anti-V3-C clade peptide recognition) for the southern cohort. Studied analysing the immune function of the humoral response indicate a quite elevated occurrence of antibodies capable of neutralizing heterologous primary HIV-1 isolates from Rio de Janeiro. Attempts to correlate seroreactivity with HIV-1 neutralization with respect to HIV-1 polymorphism were not very successfull: while the Brazilian B clade B" variant could be recognized by binding assays, no significant distinction of HIV-1 clades/variants was observed in viral neutralization assays.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Formación de Anticuerpos , Especificidad de Anticuerpos/inmunología , Genotipo , VIH-1/inmunología , Brasil , Estudios de Cohortes , Seropositividad para VIH/inmunología
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