Comparison of iodine nutritional status and disease monitoring results among children in water source high iodine areas of Henan Province in 2017 and 2019 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To compare the coverage rate of non-iodized salts, children's iodine nutrition and the change trend of goiter rate between the original water source high iodine areas in Henan Province in 2017 and the newly designated water source high iodine areas in 2019.Methods:Using a cross-sectional survey method, household edible salt monitoring was conducted in all 20 counties (cities, districts) with high iodine content in Henan Province in 2017. Ten counties (cities, districts) were selected to monitor water iodine, urinary iodine and thyroid volume of children aged 8 to 10 years. A total of 4 430 salt samples and 1 012 urine samples were collected, and thyroid volume of 1 012 children were measured. In 2019, monitoring of household edible salt, water iodine, urinary iodine, and thyroid volume was carried out in all 55 newly designated counties (cities, districts) with high iodine village. A total of 9 835 salt samples and 9 830 urine samples were collected, and the thyroid volume of 8 896 children was measured. The monitoring results of two years were compared, and the relationship between children's urinary iodine and goiter rate was analyzed by univariate logistic regression.Results:In 2019, the water iodine content in newly designated high iodine areas decreased compared to the original high iodine areas in 2017 (119.8 to 191.0 μg/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = - 2.48, P = 0.013). The rate of non-iodized salts in 2019 was only 35.5% (3 494/9 835), significantly lower than that in 2017 (96.2%, 4 263/4 430, χ 2 = 4 536.74, P < 0.001). The median urinary iodine of children in 2017 and 2019 were 338.2 and 317.8 μg/L, respectively, the difference between the two years was statistically significant ( Z = - 2.46, P = 0.014). In 2017 and 2019, the goiter rate of children aged 8 to 10 years was 1.5% (15/1 012) and 2.1% (187/8 896), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two years (χ 2 = 1.76, P = 0.185). The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the control group with urinary iodine < 100 μg/L, the risk of goiter rate (but the enlargement rate did not exceed 5%) increased with the increase of urinary iodine level (100 - 199, 200 - 299 and ≥300 μg/L groups), and the differences were statistically significant [odds ratio ( OR) = 8.64, 7.68, 10.69, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:After the implementation of the new demarcation standard for areas with excessive iodine in water sources, the supply of non-iodized salts in Henan Province is relatively lagging behind, and the iodine nutrition level of children is still high, but the goiter rate is relatively stable.

Analysis of iodine nutritional level of residents in iodine adequate areas of Henan Province in 2020 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional level of residents in iodine adequate areas in Henan Province, and provide basis for making policy of targeted guidance and rational iodine supplementation.Methods:In the 156 counties of Henan Province in 2020, one township was selected from each location (east, west, south, north and middle) in each county; one school was selected from each township; 40 children aged 8-10 years in the school and 20 pregnant women in the township were selected to collect their urine and salt samples to test urine and salt iodine levels. One third of the counties were selected to examine the thyroid gland of children. Individuals lived in villages with water iodine between 40 and 100 μg/L were included in the study.Results:In iodine adequate areas, a total of 2 097 salt samples were collected from children and tested, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.6% (1 962/2 097). A total of 2 096 urine samples were collected from children and tested, and the median urinary iodine was 288.0 μg/L. The goiter rate of children was 0.7% (5/723). A total of 1 068 salt samples from pregnant women were tested, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.0% (993/1 068). A total of 1 068 urine samples from pregnant women were tested, with a median urinary iodine 232.7 μg/L. Stratified by water iodine (40-59, 60-79, 80-100 μg/L), the median urinary iodine of children was 273.8, 288.6, and 305.9 μg/L, respectively, statistically significantly different between groups ( H = 15.79, P < 0.001); the goiter rate of children was ≤2%, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (χ 2 = 7.31, P = 0.026); but the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was not significantly different ( H = 1.82, P = 0.402). Under different water iodine conditions, there was no significant difference in urinary iodine levels in children and pregnant women between the high salt iodine concentration group (≥21 mg/kg) and the low salt iodine concentration group (< 21 mg/kg, P > 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition level of children in iodine adequate areas in Henan Province is relatively high, and the iodine nutrition of pregnant women is appropriate. The goiter rate of children is at a relatively low level. Continuous surveillance should be conducted to comprehensively evaluate the iodine nutrition level. Various measures will be taken by regions and populations.

Iodine status of vulnerable populations in Henan Province of China three years after the implementation of new iodized salt standard / 中华预防医学杂志

Iodine nutrition surveillance of vulnerable population was conducted in 18 cities of Henan Province in 2015. The medians and quartiles of urinary iodine concentration in women of reproductive-age (n=3 318), pregnant women (n=36 366), lactating women (n=4 153), infants <2 years of age (n=1 017), and children aged 8-10 years (n=4 806) were 202.1(124.0, 310.0), 192.4(133.6, 262.4), 168.3(119.1, 248.3), 214.2(156.1, 272.3) and 90.0 (121.8, 285.6) μg/L, respectively. Iodine status of the vulnerable populations was generally regarded as adequate in Henan Province. But the median of urinary iodine concentration of reproductive-age women were slightly above the adequate level. The proportions above iodine adequate level were 26.7% in reproductive-age women, 29.4% in pregnant women and 22.5% in children aged 8-10 years.

Analysis of children's iodine nutritional status after five years of implementation of a new standard of iodized salt in Henan Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status among children aged 8-10 years old in Henan Province after five years of implementation of new standard iodized salt,and to provide evidence for scientific adjustment of control strategy.Methods In 2017,according to "Henan Surveillance Program on Iodine Deficiency Disorders",children aged 8-10 years old (half males and half females) were chosen as research targets.In nonhigh iodine areas of 156 non-high iodine counties (cities,districts) and high iodine counties (cities,districts) in Henan Province,household salt samples were collected;in 113 counties (cities,districts),urine samples were collected;in 67 counties (cities,districts),thyroid volume was measured.Salt iodine was tested by direction titration,the salt samples from Sichuan and other enhanced salt samples were tested by the arbitration method;urinary iodine was tested by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophometry;thyroid volume was measured by ultrasound method.Results In 2017,totally 31 174 household salt samples of 8-10 years old children were collected and tested,the median of salt iodine was 25.8 mg/kg;the coverage rate of iodized salt was 95.0％ (29 613/31 174) and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 85.6％ (26 673/31 174).Totally 22 442 urine samples were collected and the median of urinary iodine content was 208.0 μg/L.Totally 13 439 school children were examined thyroid volume and the goiter rate.was 1.5％ (196/13 439).Conclusions After the promotion of new standard iodized salt,the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8-10 years old in Henan Province is appropriate.However,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt is lower,so the universal salt iodization prevention and control strategies should be performed for a long time.At the same time,health education of iodine deficiency knowledge should be strengthened.

Correlation between Ameliorated Kawashima Itch Scale and Visual Analogue Scale / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To preliminarily validate the clinical usability of the ameliorated Kawashima Itch Scale(Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale) among adult pruritic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale was developed on the basis of Kawashima Itch Scale. Patients were asked to record their pruritus condition according to Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale or visual analogue scale(VAS) during daytime and night for two weeks. The record at the second week was used for analyzing the correlation between Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale and VAS. Results Totally 134 patients were enrolled in this study,among whom 128 entered the final analysis. Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale was positively correlated with VAS(r=0.832,95% CI=0.810-0.851,P<0.01 for daytime record;and r=0.848,95% CI=0.828-0.865,P<0.01 for night record). Subgroup analysis also showed similar correlations between different age groups and among different gender groups. Conclusion Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale has good correlation with VAS in patients on hemodialysis,without being affected by age or gender. Thus,it can be a useful tool for the assessment of pruritus in clinical practice and research.

Treatment of multi-segment fracture of complex femoral shaft with instrument-assisted reduction combined with intramedullary interlocking nail fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of minimally invasive mini-incision and instrumented reduction combined with interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treatment of patients with multi-segment fracture of complex femoral shaft.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2013 to January 2016, 32 patients with multiple fractures segments of femoral shaft were treated with instrumentation-assisted reduction combined with interlocking intramedullary nailing, including 22 males and 10 females with an average age of 45 years old ranging 17 to 68 years old. The time from injured to operation was 5 to 10 days with an average of 7 days. After admission, routine tibial tubercle or supracondylar bone traction was performed. The patient's general condition was evaluated, the operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. According to Thorsen femoral fracture morphology evaluation criteria and Hohl knee function evaluation of postoperative efficacy, postoperative fracture healing, complications and postoperative recovery of limb function were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months with an average of 12 months. The operative time ranged from 48 to 76 minutes with an average of 67 min. The intraoperative blood loss was 150 to 400 ml with an average of 220 ml. The surgical incisions all achieved grade A healing. The fractures reached the clinical standard of healing. The fracture healing time ranged from 4.2 to 10.8 months with an average of 5.7 months. There were no nonunion, incision infection and internal fixation fracture, failure and other complications. According to Thorsen femoral fracture morphology evaluation criteria, the result was excellent in 28 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case. According to Hohl knee function evaluation criteria, the result was excellent in 30 cases, good in 2 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Instrument-assisted reduction combined with interlocking intramedullary nail fixation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of complex femoral shaft fractures. It has advantages of small trauma, fixed fixation, quick recovery, early postoperative functional exercise.</p>

Modified free vascularized fibular grafting for the osteonecrosis of the femoral head / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the short term results of repairing osteonecrosis of the femoral head by modified free vascularized fibular grafting through Smith-Peterson approach without cutting the rectus femoris.Methods Between January,2009 and September,2012,14 osteonecrotic hips of 14 patients who underwent free vascularized fibular grafting were retrospectively studied including 10 male and 4 female.The follow up period was 24 months.The preoperative and postoperative symptoms relief,recovery of hip function (Harris score),radiographic assessment (X-ray).Results All patients got postoperative ipsilateral hip pain relief.Average Harris hip score improved significantly (68.47 ± 5.33,86.80 ± 4.72 points in preoperation and postoperation,respectively; paired t test,t =18.724,P ＜ 0.01).Postoperative X-ray results showed there were no progresses of osteonecrosis and no collapse in the operative side within 2 years follow-up.Conclusion The short term treatment results of femoral head avascular necrosis were satisfactory by using free vascularized fibular graft through Smith-Peterson approach without cutting off the rectus femoris and it may be a relatively practical option of surgical approach.

Brief report of series study on Rongshui miniature pig as laboratory animal / 中国比较医学杂志

The provenances of Rongshui miniature pigs ( RMPs) were purchased from Rongshui, Guangxi, in 2012.130 RMPs were transported to Sanshui, Guangdong,China, which were breed according to the laboratory animal standards.83 RMPs were selected randomly from the first filial generations ( F1 ).The basic data were collected including breed characteristics, reproductive performance, grow curve, hematology, biochemical markers of serum and urine, organ coefficient, Chromosome analysis.According to the national and local standards, the quality control standards of RMP were set up including microbiological, parasitic, environment and facilities, fodder, pathology, genetic.The results showed that RMPs adapt to the climate of Guangdong.The natural mating and conceive rate was 88.3% with the pregnancy of 112 days.The average number of firstborn and still-born was 6.1 and 7.9 respectively.RMP was small body size with the adult body weight of 17.21 ±5.20 kg and 16.35 ±5.23 kg in female and male respectively.RMP was very tame.The mitochondrial genome analysis suggested RMP belonged a typical miniature pig breed in China, which is ancient than Lanyu pig.RMP could be breed as a new kind of laboratory animal.

Detection and analysis of blood parameter, blood biochemical and electrolyte indices in F1 generation of Rongshui miniature pig / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To detect the blood parameter, blood biochemical and electrolyte indices of the F1 generation of Rongshui miniature pig ( RMP) .Methods The blood of 43 female and 42 male RMPs of 4 th month old, and 36 RMPs of 12th month old ( half male and female) were extracted from jugular vein.And the blood parameter, blood biochemical and electrolyte indices were detected by blood analyzer and automatic biochemical analyzer.Results In the same month-old RMP, no significant difference between male and female were found in most indices of blood parameter, blood biochemical and electrolyte indices.On the other hand, many indices were difference between 4th month old and 12th month old RMPs of same gender.Compared with the 4th month old RMP, the 12th month old RMP decreased significantly in WBC and PLT, increased in HGB ( P 0.05 ) .Serum ALT, AST, ALP, CK (male), LDH(male), A/G, BUN, GLU (female), CHOL (male) and K+decreased significantly (P <0.05), while serum TP, TBIL, CR and Ca2+increased significantly (P <0.05),but serum CHOL, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were not different.86.4%(19/22) biochemical and electrolyte indices in RMP were in/or close to the range of normal value of human.Conclusion Most of the blood parameter, blood biochemical and electrolyte indices of RMP were close to human’ s normal value.

Autopsy procedures and pathological observation of spontaneous main organ lesions in Rongshui miniature pig / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To establish the data including anatomy and histology of main organs in Rongshui miniature pig (RMP).Methods F1 Rongshui miniature pigs with male and female (2 in each group) in 6 month old were used in this experiment.We measured body weights, dissected these pigs after anaesthesia, recorded total blood volume, total plasma volume, number of spine and dental formula, took main organs for photographs, and made histological sections observed and took photographs by microscope.Results We gained the photographs of main organs and histological sections, organ weights,organic coefficients and other basic data.Conclusion Basic anatomy and histology data of main organs in RMP were collected.

Analysis study of the forms o f water iodine in areas with excessive iodine in water in Henan Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the forms of water iodine in areas with excessive iodine in water of Henan Province.Methods From December 2013 to January 2014,50 water plants in 4 cities (Puyang,Xinxiang,Kaifeng and Shangqiu cities) of Henan Province were selected from the areas with excessive iodine in water where iodized salt and centralized water supply were stopped for more than 5 years.In each selected water plant,3 water samples were collected.I2-Starch Spectrophotometer was used to measure the iodine content and identify the forms of iodine in water samples.Results A total of 403 water samples were collected and ultimately 286 samples met the requirement (water iodine ≥ 80 μg/L).Among the 286 samples,iodine existed in the forms of iodide in 6 water samples,of both iodate and iodide in 139 water samples,and of iodate in 141 water samples.In water samples with iodine content lower than 150 μg/L,the proportions of forms of iodide and both iodate and iodide,were 26.67％ (12/45) and 73.33％ (33/45),respectively.In water samples with iodine content between 150-299 μg/L,the proportions of the forms of iodide,both iodate and iodide,and iodate,were 4.88％ (6/123),79.67％ (98/123) and 24.39％ (30/123),respectively.In water samples with iodine content higher than 300 μg/L,the proportions of the forms of iodide and both iodate and iodide,were 18.18％ (2/11) and 81.81％ (9/11),respectively.Conclusions In areas with excessive water iodine in Henan Province,iodine mainly exists in the forms of iodate,or both iodate and iodide.No sample is found to contain periodate.

Correlative risk factor comparison of mild hemorrhage between patients of acute cerebral infarction and transient ischemia attack / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To compare the risk factors of mild hemorrhage and diiferences of TOAST type in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and transient ischemia attack (TIA).Methods Forty patients with mild hemorrhage were divided into ACI group(24 cases) and TIA group(16 cases) according to disease classification.Risk factors such as age,blood pressure,blood lipid and so on between 2 groups were compared,TOAST subtype differences of 2 groups were compared.Results The age [(73.3 ± 4.1) years],the ratio of hypertension [95.8％(23/24)],leukoaraiosis [70.8％(17/24)] in ACI group was significantly higher than that in TIA group [(65.5 ± 5.6) years,13/16,9/16],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of large-artery atherosclerosis and cardioembolism in ACI group [75.0％ (18/24) and 16.7％ (4/24)] was significantly higher than that in TIA group (8/16 and 1/16),there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).But the ratio of small artery occlusion in ACI group [8.3％ (2/24)] was significantly lower than that in TIA group (7/16),there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Correlative risk factors of milde hemorrhage in ACI and TIA patients have significant differences.

Analysis of surveillance results of drinking-water supply status in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Henan / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To understand the status of drinking-water supply and the progress of waterimproving projects in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Henan,and to provide scientific data for related government departments to carry out prevention and surveillance plan for those areas.Methods Questionnaire survey was carried out in all the villages in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Henan in 2010.Each village was given one set of questionnaire.Results By the end of 2010,the total number of fluorosis villages in Henan was 25 434,among them 11 484 villages had been conducted water-improving projects,accounting for 45.15％.Currently,9267 water-improving projects worked properly,accounting for 36.4％(9267/25 434)of all villages surveyed,and 80.7％ (9267/11 484)villages had water-improving projects.The projects in 2217 villages do not work properly,accounting for 19.3％(2217/11 484) of all projects.There were 5832 water-imp.roving projects conducted amnog 2005-2010,accounting for 50.8％ (5832/11 484) of all water-improving projects.Among villages with no such projects,97.5％(15 769/16 167) of them used shallow groundwater,and in villages with water-improving projects,89.6％ (8303/9267) of them used deep groundwater as drinking-water supply.Conclusions After 2005,the water improving progress was significantly speed up in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Henan,but progress of the water improving projects is relatively slow due to changing and expanding of fluorosis areas.The government should increase investment and improve the proportion of waterimproving defluoridation.

Iodine nutritional status of the vulnerable population in Henan province in 2011 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the iodine nutritional status of the vulnerable population in Henan in 2011.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March to December 2011, 44 049 urinary samples of newly married women of childbearing age (363), pregnant women (31 874), lactating women (4893) and children under 2 years (6919) collected from hospitals, maternal and child care hospitals and outpatient department of family planning organizations from 8 cities of Henan province (only including the areas where water iodine was less than 100 µg/L) were tested for urine iodine concentration. The iodine nutritional status of different groups was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median of urinary iodine for newly married women, pregnant women, lactating women and children under 2 years was 204.5, 190.9, 145.5 and 185.4 µg/L, respectively (χ(2) = 874.16, P < 0.01). The proportion of urinary iodine below 150 µg/L of pregnant women and below 100 µg/L of lactating women and children under 2 years was 33.0% (10 519/31 874), 24.9% (1218/4893) and 12.4% (855/6919), respectively. The proportion of urinary iodine above 300 µg/L of newly married women was 33.6% (122/363). The median of urinary iodine for pregnant women in the first, second and third trimester was 186.7, 193.8 and 182.5 µg/L, respectively (χ(2) = 55.19, P < 0.01). The median of urinary iodine for the breast-feeding, formula-feeding and mixed-feeding infant under the age of 1 year was 194.8, 85.6 and 176.0 µg/L, respectively (χ(2) = 179.25, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The overall iodine nutrient levels of the vulnerable population in Henan in 2011 were appropriate, but there were still some proportions of pregnant and lactating women with low iodine level. The iodine intake of the formula-feeding infants was not sufficient.</p>

Allografted olfactory mucosa gliacytes repair Wistar rats' sciatic nerve long defect / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether or not allografted olfactory mucosa gliacytes could repair peripheral nerve injure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Olfactory mucosa gliacytes had been cultured in vitro for 2 weeks, then purified and condensed for later transplantation.Sixty adult female Wistar rats were randomized into 2 groups of 30 rats each, A (control) and B (test). Rats' left sciatic nerves were excised 25 mm long axons and retained epineurium lumen anastomosed to proximal ends. Culture mediums, and olfactory mucosa gliacytes were transplanted into epineurium lumen of A and B groups respectively. At 3 months postoperatively, the regenerations of injured sciatic nerves were evaluated by methods of macroscopy, photomicroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, retro-marked fluorescence red, the condensation of glial fibre acid protein (GFAP) and nerve growth factors (NF) assayed by immunofluorescence, and the concentration of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofilament protein (NF) assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The regenerations of injured sciatic nerves were superior in B group to in A group; the transportation distance of retro-marked fluorescence red were longer in B group than in A group (P < 0.01). The condensations of GFAP and NGF were more dense in B group than in A group. The concentrations of MBP and NF were more high in B group than in A group (P < 0.01). The function scores of injured limbs were superior in B group to in A group (P < 0.01). The quantifications of nerve fibers and myelin fibers of injured sciatic nerve were larger in B group than in A group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Allografted olfactory mucosa gliacytes could repair injured nerve defect.</p>

Orthotopic heart transplantation in 3 cases / 中国组织工程研究

Three cases of terminal stage heart disease received orthotopic heart transplantation at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Nanchang University between August 2001 and December 2003. These three cases were all female and died of brain death. Body weight difference between donor and recipient was less than 20%. All three cases underwent superior and inferior vena cave osculation and received immunosuppressive therapy of cyclosporine A, prednisone, and mycophenolate postoperatively. They were successfully discarded. Heart function recovered to grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ(NYHA). No infection or serious rejection was found during the surgery. These results indicate that good donor heart preservation, consummate perioperative processing, and proper immunosuppressiva therapy are the key measures of successful heart transplantation.

Effect of medicated serum of Sangleng and Eshu on human umbilical vein vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial cells / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To explore the effect of medicated serum of Sangleng and Eshu on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial cell proliferation induced by VEGF in vitro. Methods Medicated serum of Sangleng and Eshu was used to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC-1) induced by VEGF. The morphologic changes of HUVEC-1 were observed with phase contrast microscope, and cell proliferation was detected by MTT method, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor protein and mRNA in endothelial cells was detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR. Results The medicated serum of 5.0, 2.5 g?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 Sangleng and Eshu could cause arrangement disorder in the normal umbilical vein endothelial cells. The medicated serum of 5.0 g?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 Sangleng and Eshu (10%, 5%, 2.5%) and medicated serum of 2.5 g?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 (10%) could inhibit vascular endothelial cell proliferation remarkably (P