Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the male urethral tract.

We present a rare case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the male bulbomembranous urethra. Mostly these tumors have been described in the female urethral tract with its possible origin from mullerian remnants, wolffian remnants or paraurethral glands. Histologically, these tumors have typically tubulocystic pattern comprising of hobnailed cells with clear glycogenated cytoplasm along with well-defined cytoplasmic membranes. This case is being presented due to its rarity, aggressive behavior and to discuss, trauma as its possible etiological factor

Peri-ampullary collision tumor - high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma: A case report and review of literature.

We report a case of 50-year-old male with obstructive jaundice diagnosed as peri-ampullary collision tumor comprising of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma. The association of neuroendocrine (usually carcinoids) and adenocarcinoma is extremely uncommon with only few case reports available in the reported literature.

Evaluation of an automated erythrocyte sedimentation rate analyzer as compared to the Westergren manual method in measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Context: Monitor 100® (Electa Lab, Italy) is a newly developed automated method for measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Aims: The aim of our study was to compare the ESR values by Monitor 100® against the standard Westergren method. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a Level I trauma care center on 200 patients. The samples taken were as per the recommendations charted out by International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) for comparing automated and manual Westergrens method. Statistical Analysis Used: Bland and Altman statistical analysis was applied for evaluating Monitor 100® against the conventional Westergren method. Results: The analysis revealed a low degree of agreement between the manual and automated methods especially for higher ESR values, mean difference -11.2 (95% limits of agreement, -46.3 to 23.9) and mean difference -13.4 (95% limits of agreement-58.9 to 32.1) for 1 and 2 hours, respectively. This discrepancy which is of clinical significance was less evident for ESR values in the normal range <25 mm/hour (-7.7 mean of difference; -18.9 to 3.5 limits of agreement). Conclusions: The fully automated system Monitor 100® for ESR measurement tends to underestimate the manual ESR readings. Hence it is recommended that a correction factor be applied for the range of ESR values while using this equipment. Further studies and validation experiments would be required.

Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell lymphoma: A critical analysis of clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic features.

Background: Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), a subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), is characterized by unique clinical and biological features. Its diagnosis remains a challenge as clinical presentation as well as pathologic findings are frequently misleading. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, morphological and immunophenotypic spectrum of 17 cases of histologically proven AITL. Result: The mean age was 54 years and male to female ratio was 2.4. Common clinical features included generalized lymphadenopathy (60%), hepatomegaly (70%), splenomegaly (50%), anemia (80%) and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (100%). Microscopically, three architectural patterns; pattern I (6%), pattern II (41%) and pattern III (53%) were observed. Bone marrow infiltration was seen in 60% cases and 30% cases revealed plasmacytosis. Absence of follicles, polymorphous infiltrate, extra-follicular follicular dendritic cell (FDC) proliferation, high endothelial venules (HEV) prominence and neoplastic T-cells were the diagnostic features of AITL. CD10 positivity (47%), clear cells in the background (59%) admixture with large size CD20+ B-immunoblasts (35%) and bone marrow plasmacytosis (50%) were common observations. Conclusion: Awareness of various morphological and immunophenotypic complexities of AITL and distinction from reactive adenopathies and other types of lymphomas that mimic AITL is underscored in this study.