Meta-analysis of safety of human purified Vero cell rabies vaccine after exposure / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To evaluate the safety of human purified Vero cell rabies vaccine(PVRV)after exposure in China by Meta-analysis.Methods With rabies,vaccine and safety as key words,a systematic search was performed in PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),supplemented by manual retrieval.A Meta-analysis was performed to analyze the incidence of adverse events of two immunization regimens Zagreb and Essen using Review Manager 5.4 software after literature screening and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results A total of 12 studies were included,of which 7 were prospective studies and 5 were retrospective studies.Most included in the studies showed a low risk of bias.The incidence of adverse events in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen[relative risk(RR)= 1.01,95% CI = 0.90 ～ 1.14;I2= 73.00%,P<0.05],but there was a high degree of heterogeneity.The incidence of fever,pain and induration in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen(RR = 1.14,0.92 and 0.86,95% CI = 0.82 ～ 1.60,0.73 ～ 1.14 and 0.29 ～ 2.51;I2= 73.00%,P<0.05],but there was a high degree of heterogeneity.The incidence of fever,pain and induration in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen(RR = 1.14,0.92 and 0.86,95% CI = 0.82 ～ 1.60,0.73 ～ 1.14 and 0.29 ～ 2.51;I2= 81%,65% and 92%,respectively,P<0.01).Conclusion Two regimens of PVRV vaccination after exposure showed good safety.However,when adopting Zagreb regimen,attention should be paid to the physical conditions of children and the elderly with relatively poor immunity to avoid adverse events.

Mechanism of Huanglian Wendan Decoction in improving impaired glucose tolerance based on skeletal muscle NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β, IL-18 pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study investigated the mechanism of improving impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) of rats by Huanglian Wendan Decoction from the perspective of the skeletal muscle Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1)/interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-18(IL-18) pathway. Healthy male SD rats were fed with the diet containing 45% fat for 20 weeks, accompanied by a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and an inactive lifestyle, for the establishment of the IGT rat model. The rats were divided into the blank control group, model control group, metformin hydrochloride group(positive drug group, 0.05 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) and Huanglian Wendan Decoction group(7.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)). After continuous intragastric administration for 4 weeks, the obesity and glycemic indexes of all the rats were measured. The fasting serum insulin(FINS) level was determined by ELISA, with the insulin sensitivity index(ISI) and insulin resistance index(IRI) calculated. The mRNA and protein expression le-vels of nuclear factor kappaB(NF-κB), NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in skeletal muscle tissue were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence. Compared with the blank control group, the model control group witnessed significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18. As revealed by the comparison with the model control group, Huanglian Wendan Decoction could effectively regulate the obesity status, reduce body weight, correct the abnormal levels of 2-hour plasma glucose(2 hPG), insulin resistance index(IRI), insulin sensitivity index(ISI), and lower the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in the skeletal muscle tissue of IGT rats. Combined with previous studies, the above results showed that the occurrence and development of IGT was closely related to inflammatory response and the classic pyroptosis pathway in skeletal muscle, such as NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β, IL-18. It is inferred that the mechanism of Huanglian Wendan Decoction was to alleviate insulin resistance(IR) and then reverse the course of IGT lies in the regulation of the abnormal insulin receptor signaling pathway based on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Effect of Huanglian Wendantang on Classical Pathway of Skeletal Muscle Pyroptosis in IGT Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of Huanglian Wendantang （HLWDT） on pyroptosis of skeletal muscle in rats with impaired glucose tolerance （IGT） and to explain the mechanism based on NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1）/gasdermin D （GSDMD）/interleukin-1<italic>β </italic>（IL-1<italic>β</italic>）/IL-18 signaling pathway. Method:The SD male rats were fed with 45% high-fat diet for 20 weeks to induce the IGT model. After modeling， the rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a positive control group （metformin hydrochloride， 0.05 g·kg^-1d^-1）， and an HLWDT （7.8 g·kg^-1d^-1） group based on the body weight of rats. The blank group and the model group were fed with the same volume of distilled water. The dose for each group was set as 10 mL·kg^-1d^-1. After four weeks of continuous gavage， blood was collected and serum was separated. The skeletal muscles of rats were stored in liquid nitrogen. Subsequently， serum IL-1<italic>β</italic> and IL-18 were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD were detected by real-time quantitative PCR （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. The expression of GSDMD， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and IL-18 proteins in skeletal muscle tissues was detected by immunofluorescence. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of skeletal muscles. Result:Compared with the blank group， the model group showed increased IL-1<italic>β</italic> and IL-18 in serum， and NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD gene and protein expression in skeletal muscle tissues （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Immunofluorescence assay showed that GSDMD， IL-18， and IL-1<italic>β </italic>protein expression in skeletal muscle tissues of the model group was significantly elevated （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. HE staining showed obvious pathological changes in skeletal muscles. Compared with the model group， the HLWDT group and the positive control group could decrease IL-1<italic>β</italic> and IL-18 in serum and NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD gene and protein expression in skeletal muscle tissues （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. In addition， immunofluorescence assay revealed that HLWDT could reduce protein expression levels of GSDMD， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and IL-18 in skeletal muscles of IGT rats （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The results of HE staining showed that HLWDT could improve the pathological changes of skeletal muscles in IGT rats<bold>.</bold> Conclusion:HLWDT can inhibit skeletal muscle pyroptosis of IGT rats， and the mechanism may be closely related to NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-18/IL-1<italic>β</italic> signaling pathway.

Experience of diagnosis and treatment of Gitelman syndrome / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and provide the experiences in diagnosis and treatment of 3 cases of Gitelman syndrome (GitS).Methods Three patients diagnosed as GitS were selected as the objects in Tangshan gongren Hospital from Aug.2010 to Jan.2017.Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and combined with the related literatures,and the clinical characteristics and treatment experiences of the disease were discussed.Results Of the 3 patients,2 were teenager onset and another one was adult onset.The blood pressure of the 3 patients was normal,and the clinical features were as paroxysmal weakness,tetany,polyuria and nocturia increased.Laboratory tests revealed low potassium,low sodium,low chlorine,hypomagnesemia,occasionally hypocalcemia,high urinary potassium,metabolic alkalosis,urine Ca/Cr ≤ 0.2,plasma rennin activity increased significantly and plasma aldosterone was normal.Being eliminated symptoms and phenomena were the potassium intake inadequate,loss of potassium in digestive tract,taking potassium excretion drugs,primary aldosteronism and Cushing syndrome.etc.Patients got symptoms relief and serum potassium level rose to near normal level after receiving the combined potassium and magnesium supplement.Conclusions The clinical characteristics of GitS manifest as fatigue,tetany,normal blood pressure,hypokalemia,hypomagnesemia,metabolic alkalosis,plasma rennin activity increases significantly and plasma aldosterone rises or normal.Treatment with combined potassium and magnesium supplement may lead to a good prognosis,but hypomagnesemia is harder to correct.Kidney damage can be avoided by early diagnosis and treatment.

Microenvironment for the hematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the roles of human fetal liver stromal cells (hFLSCs) and human fetal bone marrow stromal cells (hFBMSCs) in the hematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and analyze their gene expression profile changes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The embryonic bodies on day 4 were cocultured with hFLSCs or hFBMSC in the presence of cytokines. Flow cytometry was performed after 8 days of induction to detect the expressions of the hemangioblast markers KDR and CD34, and the differential gene expression profiles between hFBMSC and hFLSCs were examined by cDNA microarray analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight days after the induction, (1.06-/+0.20)% of the hFLSCs and (8.8-/+1.49)% of the hFBMSCs were positive for KDR, with the positivity rates for CD34 of (1.25-/+0.16)% and (9.17-/+2.10)%, respectively. In hFLSCs and hFBMSCs cultures, 0.9-/+0.36 and 10.6-/+0.63 hemagioblast-like cell colonies were found, respectively. cDNA microarray analysis showed that 240 genes were highly expressed in hFBMSCs, and 21 genes related to secreted cytokines, cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins were highly expressed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The microenvironment including the cell matrix protein and cytokines secreted by the hFBMSCs might play an important role in hemangioblastic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells in vitro.</p>

The relationship of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy and diabetes myocardial infarction / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism to diabetic retinopathy and diabetes myocardial infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ACE insertion/deletion(I/D) polymorphism was determined by PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No evidence showed that ACE gene was associated with diabetic retinopathy. By comparison of the type 2 diabetes patients with myocardial infarction versus those without-myocardial infarction, it was found that the frequencies of homozygote DD (41.2% versus 33.2%) and of allele D (64.7% versus 55.0%) increased remarkably; the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Allele D(RR=1.50) and genotype DD(RR=1.33) seemed to be a genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes myocardial infarction.</p>