RESUMEN
Mapping of soil properties is an important operation as it plays an important role in the knowledge about soil properties and how it can be used sustainably. Knowledge of soil variability of any region is crucial for development of site-specific management practices for that region as this will enhance the crop productivity and maintain the good soil health. With this background, present study was conducted to quantify the spatial variability of different soil physical properties and soil available micronutrients in Ujjain tehsil (Ujjain) district of Madhya Pradesh state, India. A total one hundred fifty geo-coded surface (0-15 cm depth) soil samples, were collected across the study area. These samples were analyzed using standard method for different some soil properties viz: soil texture (sand, silt and clay) and soil available micronutrients, viz. extractable zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) in laboratory. The range of sand, silt, clay, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in the study region were varied from 9.15 to 24.06 %, 24.00 to 41.55 %, 40.20 to 58.60 %, 0.12 to 1.66 mg kg-1, 2.06 to 6.22 mg kg-1, 3.70 to 10.40 mg kg-1, and 2.41 to 14.64 mg kg-1, respectively. The data were analyzed using standard statistical methods and geostatistics, which included creating semi-variograms and mapping by standard kriging procedures. Semi-variograms were produced for soil properties and their regional distributions were plotted. The observed soil parameters were best represented by four models: Exponential, Circular, Gaussian, and Hole effect. The modelled variables showed strong and moderate spatial dependencies, as demonstrated by the Nugget/Sill (Co/Co+C) ratio. The distribution maps of soil features may serve as a reference for implementing site-specific crop management in soils with comparable characteristics. Further, this research indicates the relevance of GIS- application in soil variability investigations.
RESUMEN
The current research was carried out in the Ujjain tehsil (Ujjain) district of Madhya Pradesh state, India, with the aim of estimation the different forms of soil potassium and different characteristics of the Soil. Throughout the research region, 150 surface soil samples with a depth of 0 to 15 cm were collected. Collected soil samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties namely texture, pH, Electrical conductivity, organic carbon and different forms of potassium (K) i.e. Water Soluble Potassium, Exchangeable Potassium, Available Potassium, Non-exchangeable Potassium, Lattice Potassium and Total Potassium. To observe that the soil texture of Ujjain district is varied from silty clay to clay, soil pH ranged from 7.01 to 8.15, electrical conductivity was varied from 0.10 dSm-1 to 0.79 dSm-1, organic carbon is varied between 0.30 to 0.60 % and The research region's ranges for different forms of potassium i.e. Water Soluble Potassium, Exchangeable Potassium, Available Potassium, Non-exchangeable Potassium, Lattice Potassium and total K were 3.10-24.00 mgkg-1, 118.38-196.12 mgkg-1,129.95-206.70 mgkg-1,200.0-410.0 mgkg-1 ,7943.75-17515.71 mgkg-1 and 8500-18000.0 mgkg-1, in that order. The mean value of Water Soluble Potassium, Exchangeable Potassium, Available Potassium, Non-exchangeable Potassium, Lattice Potassium and Total Potassium was 11.47 mg kg-1, 148.67 mg kg-1, 160.11 mg kg-1, 330.16 mg kg-1, 12478.11 mg kg-1 and 12968.96 mg kg-1, respectively.
RESUMEN
The present experiment was conducted at All India Coordinated Research Project on safflower, College of Agriculture, Indore, (M.P.) during rabi season 2015-16 to study the effect of date of sowing and cultivars on number of capitula plant-1, total seed weight, 100 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, straw yield, harvest index, oil content and oil yield. The experiment was performed in split plot design using three sowing dates and three cultivars. The maximum capitula (31.26 plant-1) and total seed weight (25.11 g plant-1) were recorded with 1st November sown crop. The cultivar A-1 registered the highest 100 seed weight (5.42 g) which was significantly superior over cultivar NARI-6 and NARI-57. The highest seed yield (1565.42 kg ha-1), straw yield (7771 kg ha-1) and biological yield (9336.42 kg ha-1) were obtained under 1st November of sowing. The maximum oil content (35.36 %) was received with NARI-57 followed by NARI-6 and A-1. The highest oil yield (509.35 kg ha-1) was observed with 1st November sown crop. Based on the findings it is concluded that for obtaining maximum yield of safflower, use of A-1 cultivar and sowing done at 1st November is recommended.
RESUMEN
Forms and distribution of potassium were examined in 150 soil samples taken from Pipari village, Khalgone (MP) district. Surface (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected from 150 parcels of land in Pipari village. The concentration range of water soluble potassium, exchangeable potassium, available potassium, non-exchangeable potassium, lattice potassium and total potassium in soil is 3.82-35.8, 95.1-371.92, 108.35-379.20, 164.0-388.8, 8599.8-15865.32, 9066.2-16249.12 mg kg -1. For all potassium forms, EC showed negative correlation. The pH showed highly negative correlation with water soluble potassium (r= -0.111**), exchangeable potassium (r= -0.45**), available potassium (r= -0.060**) and positive correlation with lattice potassium (r= 0.034*) and total potassium (r= 0.033*). Organic carbon was positively correlated with all potassium forms except water-soluble and non-exchangeable potassium (r = -0.034 *). CaCO3 has a positive correlation with water soluble potassium (r = 0.046**), lattice potassium (r = 0.090**) and total potassium (r = 0.084**) and total potassium (r= 0.084**) and highly negative correlation with exchangeable potassium (r= -0.147**), available potassium (r= -0.130**) and non-exchangeable potassium (r= -0.060**). Available nitrogen showed highly positive correlation with lattice potassium (r= 0.063**) and total potassium (r=0.062**). Available phosphorus showed negative correlation with exchangeable potassium (r= -0.046**) and available potassium (r= -0.046**) and positive correlation with lattice potassium (r= 0.090**) and total potassium (r= 0.087**). Highly positive correlation noticed between different forms of potassium except lattice potassium (r= - 0.113**) and total potassium (r= - 0.095**).
RESUMEN
The present experiment was carried out at All India Coordinated Research Project on safflower, College of Agriculture, Indore, (M.P.) during rabi season 2015-16 with the objective to test the effect of different sowing dates and cultivars on growth and yield attributes of safflower. The results showed that the cultivar A-1 accumulated maximum dry matter at 30 DAS, 60 DAS, 90 DAS and at harvest as well as took minimum number of days (86.58) for flower initiation, for 50% flowering (93.17) and for 100% flowering (99.67) as compared to other cultivars. While maximum plant height (125.54 cm), number of primary branches (10.33 plant-1) were recorded in safflower cultivar NARI-6 followed by NARI-57 at harvest. It was observed that majority of secondary branches (18.84) emerged under 1st November sowing followed by 15th November sowing. The maximum CGR and RGR received by A-1 which was significantly superior to other cultivars at up to 30 DAS, 30-60 DAS 60-90 DAS and 90 DAS-at harvest compared to other cultivar. It is concluded that cultivar A-1 and NARI-6, and 1st November sowing performed better in terms of above parameters and recommended for cultivation.