Relationship between the nurse managers leadership styles and decision making and their effect on the staff nurses job satisfaction

This study was aiming at identifying the relationship between the nurse managers' leadership styles and decision making and their effect on staff nurse's job satisfaction using descriptive study. It was conducted at Suez Canal University hospital in Ismailia composed, subjects are composed of 26 nurse managers and 188 staff nurses. Data were collected through using three structured questionnaires; the first one was divided in two parts, the first part of each questionnaire aimed to collect personal and job characteristic. The second part of tool one aimed to determine the leadership styles of nurse managers. The second tool was adopted to assess the decision making of nurse managers. The third tool aimed to identifying the level of job satisfaction among staff nurses. The results of the present study revealed that most of nurse managers followed mixed leadership style, more than half of nurse managers were decisive, and more than one third of staff nurses were satisfied. However, there was statistical significant difference between nurse managers' leadership styles regarding axis of decision making only for two items, factors affecting decision making, and developing of decision making process [techniques, styles]. Also these were no relationship was found between leadership styles and decision making of nurse managers and staff nurses job satisfaction. Based on these finding, the researcher recommended developing training programs for nurse managers to improve their leadership skills with emphasis on suitable leadership styles in addition to decision making. Leadership, decision making and job satisfaction programs should be included in the undergraduate and post graduate nursing curricula to increase their abilities in managerial skills. Periodical assessment of work barriers to job satisfaction and hence redesigning nursing work environment through management system, which enables nurse managers to provide satisfaction to the nurses' job

Solid - Solid interaction in pure and Li[2]O-doped Cr[2]O[3]/CuO System

Cr[2]O[3]/CuO systems having the formulae 0.2 Cr[2]O[3]/CuO and 0.5, Cr[2]O[3]/CuO were prepared by mixing the calculated amounts of copper nitrate trihydrate with CrO[3] dissolved in the least amount of distilled water sufficient to make pastes. The obtained pastes were dried at 100°C then calcined at 500, 700 and 900°C. The solid-solid interactions between chromium and copper oxides were investigated by using DTA and XRD techniques. The effects of Li[2]O-doping [1.5 and 4.5 mol%] of the systems investigated on solid-solid interactions taking place between Cr[2]O[3] and CuO have been also investigated. The results revealed that the investigated mixed solids [copper nitrate and CrO[3] underwent thermal decomposition at about 370°C yielding CuO and Cr[2]O[3-] Chromium oxide interacted readily with CuO producing copper chromate [CuCr[2]O[4]] at temperatures starting from 500°C. The produced phase remained thermally stable by heating at 700°C then converted into CuCrO[2] by heating at 900°C. Li[2]O-doping of the investigated system enhanced the chromate formation and hindered the reduction of some of cupric into cuprous oxides