["Setteye Zarorie" of Naseri's health care; evidence of preventive medicine in Iranian traditional medicine]

During the human history, there was a great struggle against illness and pain, and physicians have always been vanguard in this fight, but some physicians, in addition to treating patients, have been doing their actual duty, namely the maintenance of human health. In the ancient medical history resources, issues of health protection have been shown to be one of the most significant subjects of medical science. Naseri's view on health maintenance is one of medical resources, in which principles of health protection have been expressed, entitled "setteye zaroorieh". The following literature is an overview of Iranian knowledge in the field of preventive medicine and Old Iranian physician's attention to this important issue. Undoubtedly, similar studies can provide new incentives for modern physicians to address this medical field and may help to achieve health promotion goals and also can reduce excessive costs of health care and increase the life expectancy in communities

Are the pPredictors of hookah smoking different from those of cigarette smoking? report of a population-based study in Shiraz, Iran, 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and effect of lifestyle factors on cigarette and hookah use among adult re sidents of Shiraz, Iran. In 2010, 1,000 participants were recruited in a multistage, random sampling cross-sectional population-based survey. Response rate was 98%. Prevalence of cigarette smoking was 9.7%. Among cigarette users, 12.6% reported smoking <1 year; 13.4% smoked 1-2 years and 73.9% smoked>2 years. Almost half of those surveyed [48.9%] smoked <10 cigarettes per day [cpd]; 28.4% smoked 10-15 cpd; 14.8% smoked 16-19 cpd, and 8%>20 cpd. Almost a quarter [20.4%] of the cigarette smokers tried to quit in the past year. Being male, married, aged 37-54, having higher perceived levels of stress, a non-manual occupation, and sedentary lifestyle were positively associated with cigarette smoking. Manual labor occupations, housewife/jobless status, and going frequently to restaurants were positive predictors of hookah smoking. Compared to cigarettes, hookah smoking was more prevalent among Iranian adults. Prevalence of hookah smoking in women approximated that of men, whereas cigarette use was 31 times more common in men. Cigarette and hookah smoking were associated with less healthy lifestyle habits in both men and women