RESUMEN
Prognosis of small intestine Artesia, the most common agents causing intestinal obstruction in neonates, has improved in last decades. Some variable such as weight change, type of feeding, post operation oral feeding starting time, and adequacy of energy and protein intake can change patients clinical outcomes. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate all neonates with small intestinal Artesia who were admitted to pediatric intensive care unit [PICU], during 2002-2010 and followed-up their clinical outcomes over an 8-year period. We reviewed medical records of all patients with small intestinal atresia treated at Dr. Sheikh hospital in the between 2002 and 2010. Information of all patients were recorded, including demographic data, type and location of atresia, other problem or anomalies, being term or preterm, term of stay and length of hospitalization, weight change, type of feeding, post operation oral feeding starting time, and adequacy of energy and protein intake. 65 neonates presented with small intestinal atresia treated at Dr. Sheikh hospital during 2002-2010 entered our study. The age of neonates at admission time was median 3 days [1 day - 2 month]. The median weight at reception was 2.32 +/- 0.6 kg [ranged 0.75-3.85 kg]. The median of hospitalization period was 15 days. The mean amount of delivered calorie- protein and energy intake was significantly lower than the guidelines of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition [p<0.001]. We recommend full investigation of congenital anomalies and possible prevention of infections and its resultant sepsis in all infants with intestinal atresia, in order to reduce the risk of mortality in these infants
RESUMEN
Introduction: Noise pollution in hospital wards can arise from a wide range of sources including medical devices, air-conditioning systems and conversations among the staffs. Noise in intensive care units [ICUs] can disrupt patients' sleep pattern and may have a negative impact on cognitive performance
Material and methods: In this review article, we searched through PubMed and Google Scholar, using [noise and [ICU or intensive care unit]] as keyword to find studies related to noise pollution in ICUs. In total, 250 studies were found among which 35 articles were included
Results: The majority of the reviewed studies showed that noise pollution levels were higher in ICUs than the level recommend by The United States Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization. Noise pollution was mostly caused by human activity and operating equipments in ICUs and other hospital wards
Conclusion: As the results indicated, identifying, monitoring and controlling noise sources, as well as educating the hospital staffs about the negative effects of noise on patients' health, can be highly effective in reducing noise pollution
RESUMEN
Environmental pollution is one of the most serious and fast-growing problems in the world of today. Lead poisoning is a threatening environmental situation with the potential of causing irreversible health issues and serious negative consequences in adults and children. Lead proves to have almost no clear biological function. However, once it enters the body, it is known to cause severe health effects, which might be irreversible. In this article, we aimed to review the related literature to find evidence concerning the effect of lead toxicity on CNS, particularly its role in febrile convulsion. In this review, PubMed database was searched using MeSH terms. One hundred and fifty seven articles were retrieved, most of which were irrelevant to the topic. After a thorough search in PubMed and Google Scholar, seizure was shown to be one of the consequences of lead toxicity, but there was no evidence of epilepsy or febrile convulsion, induced by this metal contamination
RESUMEN
Background: Disasters always threaten human societies and cause high property damages and civilian casualties. Therefore, many studies are carried out to find the optimal policies and procedures for preparedness. This study was conducted to determine medical severity index of Kerman Province regarding disasters and accidents
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried in Kerman Province in 2015. Data were analyzed using N×S/TC equation. Medical severity index [MSI] was rated on Likert-type scale as very low, low, moderate, high, and very high
Results: The results showed that the mean MSI was 4.58 in Census method cities, which were the highest level and 0.25 in kerman city, which was the lowest. Highest MSI is related to earthquake risk [MSI=225] and the lowest MSI is related to flood risk [0.03]
Conclusion: As the means of MSI were high and very high, it is recommended to apply the required interventions to improve the effective components and increase hospital treatment and medical rescue capacities
RESUMEN
This review provides an overview of the present knowledge on the aspects of preoperative fasting with the assessment of the evidence quality. A systematic research was conducted in electronic databases in order to identify trials published between 1990 and 2014 concerning preoperative fasting, early resumption of oral intake and the effects of oral carbohydrate mixtures on gastric emptying and postoperative recovery. The publications were classified in terms of their evidence level, scientific validity and clinical relevance. The key recommendations are that children be encouraged to drink clear fluids within up to 2 hours before elective surgery [including Caesarean section] and all but one member of the guideline groups consider that tea or coffee, with milk added [up to about one fifth of the total volume], are still clear fluids .Furthermore, solid food consumption should be prohibited for up to 6 hours before elective surgery for children. However, patients should not have their operation cancelled or delayed only because they are chewing gums or sucking a boiled sweet immediately prior to the induction of anaesthesia. These recommendations also apply to those patients with obesity, gastro-oesophageal reflux and diabetes. There is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of antacids, metoclopramide or H2-receptor antagonists before elective surgery in non-obstetric patients. Infants should be fed before elective surgery. Breast milk is considered a safe option for up to 4 hours and other kinds of milk for up to 6 hours. The present review takes into account the safety and possible benefits of preoperative carbohydrates while offering advice on the postoperative resumption of oral intake