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1.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2010 July; 48(7): 722-730
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-145023

RESUMEN

The present study was designed to analyze the effect of acute aluminium phosphide (ALP) (10 mg/kg body wt.) exposure on the glucose homeostasis in rat liver and brain. ALP has been implicated in the inhibition of cytochrome oxidase causing reduced oxygen uptake and decreased ATP synthesis eventually resulting in cellular energy crisis. A significant decrease in plasma glucose levels in the ALP treated rats has been observed. Therefore, decreased ATP levels coupled with hypoglycemia may further intensify the cellular energy deficits. In order to meet the sudden increase in the local energy demand, the brain tissue utilizes its stored energy in the form of glycogen breakdown as observed by a decrease in the glycogen levels in both liver and brain which was accompanied by a marked increase in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase in both the tissues. The glycolytic rate was found to be enhanced in brain tissue as evident by increased activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase enzymes, but decreased in liver of ALP treated rats. Lactate levels were increased in plasma and brain, but decreased in liver of ALP treated rats. Pyruvate levels increased in the plasma and liver, but no change was observed in the brain tissue. ALP did not cause any change in the gluconeogenic enzymes like glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphophatase in brain, but a significant increase was observed in the liver. Results of the study showed that ALP induced cellular energy deficit leads to compromised energy status of liver and brain coupled with substantial alterations in glucose homeostasis. However, the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased significantly in both the tissues.

2.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2010 July; 48(7): 697-709
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-145021

RESUMEN

Inappropriate use of toxic chemicals is common in developing countries, where it leads to excessive exposure and high risks of unintentional poisoning. Risks are particularly high with the pesticides used in agriculture, poor rural populations live and work in close proximity to these compounds and often store these compounds in and around their homes. It is estimated that most of the death from pesticide poisoning occur in developing countries. Organophosphate insecticides have been extensively used in agriculture in developing countries. Dichlorvos is a synthetic insecticide and belongs to a family of chemically related organophosphate pesticides (OP). Toxicity of dichlorvos has been documented in accidental human poisoning, epidemiological studies, and animal models. In this review, molecular mechanisms of dichlorvos neurotoxicity have been described. Usage, biotransformation, environmental levels, general population and occupational exposure, effects on cell signaling receptors, mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress and gene expression of dichlorvos have been reviewed. Assessment of acute and chronic exposures as well as neurotoxicity risk for lifetime exposures to dichlorvos have also been considered. In addition special emphasis has been given to describe, the role of dichlorvos in the chronic neurotoxicity and its molecular targets that ultimately lead to neurodegeneration.

3.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2009 Sept; 63(9) 408-410
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-145444

RESUMEN

Lead poisoning following intake of Ayurvedic medication is one of the recent areas of concern. We report a case of a 58-year-old type II diabetic man who was stable with diet control and 30 mg pioglitazone per day. He took Ayurvedic medication for generalized weakness and developed peripheral neuropathy following its intake. He was found to have high blood and urinary lead levels and was diagnosed to have subacute lead poisoning. He was treated with d-Penicillamine for 8 weeks, following which his lead levels became normal. The use of d-Penicillamine was proved highly effective in treating a case of lead poisoning.


Asunto(s)
Quelantes/uso terapéutico , Contaminación de Medicamentos , Humanos , Plomo/sangre , Plomo/orina , Intoxicación del Sistema Nervioso por Plomo en Adultos/tratamiento farmacológico , Intoxicación del Sistema Nervioso por Plomo en Adultos/etiología , Masculino , Medicina Ayurvédica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/tratamiento farmacológico
5.
Neurol India ; 2000 Jun; 48(2): 144-8
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-120279

RESUMEN

Epidemic dropsy, which results from the accidental ingestion of mustard oil adulterated with argemone oil, has been associated with certain neurologic symptoms. The occurrence of objective neurologic involvement has, however, precluded this illness. We report two cases, who were victims of epidemic dropsy in the recent outbreak in India and showed objective neurologic deficit in the form of brachial neuritis.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Brotes de Enfermedades , Edema/inducido químicamente , Contaminación de Alimentos , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Masculino , Síndromes de Neurotoxicidad/epidemiología , Aceites de Plantas/envenenamiento
6.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1999 Aug; 37(8): 762-6
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-58885

RESUMEN

The mechanism of protective effects of Liv-52, a multiherbal hepatoprotective drug, on ethanol induced hepatic damage has been investigated. The results indicate that Liv-52 treatment prevents ethanol induced increase in the activity of the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Concomitantly there was also a decrease in ethanol accentuated lipid peroxidation in liver following Liv-52 treatment. The activity of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and the levels of glutathione were decreased following ethanol ingestion. Liv-52 treatment was found to have protective effects on the activity of superoxide dismutase and the levels of glutathione. The results obtained from the study indicate hepatoprotective nature of Liv-52 which might be attributed to its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Combinación de Medicamentos , Etanol/toxicidad , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
7.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1994 Feb; 32(2): 146-8
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-56962
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