Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: An extremely rare cause of chronic diarrhoea

Chronic diarrhoea in tropical countries may be due to a myriad of causes from infective to non-infective. This case report illustrates the challenges faced in the investigation of a middle-age Chinese gentleman who presented with chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. The diagnosis of type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) was finally made. The diagnosis of EATL was least suspected as the condition is almost unheard of in this part of the world. The epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, management and prognosis of this rare condition are discussed.

Spontaneous temporosphenoidal meningoencephalo cele as a rare cause of non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea

Cranial encephaloceles are rare conditions, which are more commonly seen in the anterior rather than in the middle cranial fossa. Temporal lobe encephalocele can present with a variety of clinical symptoms, amongst which include occult or symptomatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula. We present a case of a patient with a short history of rhinorrhea who was found to have a CSF pool in the sphenoid sinus and right anteromedial temporosphenoidal encephalocele, which mimics sphenoid mucocoele, a much more common entity. This case highlights the imaging findings of temporosphenoidal encephalocoele and the diagnostic clues in differentiating this rare condition from the commoner mimics.

Multicompartmental congenital intracranial immature teratoma

Congenital intracranial tumors are rare and account for 0.5 to 1.5% of all childhood tumours. We report a case of a 3 week old baby presenting with multi compartmental congenital intracranial immature teratoma, fi rst of its kind in the literature. The child had gross total excision in two stages with aid of neuronavigation. The short term outcome was good. The four years of follow-up with serial imaging showed no tumour recurrence with a stable hydrocephalus after shunting. However, there is global developmental delay with full time dependence of care giver

Rare occurrence of bilateral breast and peritoneal metastases from osteogenic sarcoma

Breast metastases are uncommon and typically spread from contralateral breast carcinomas. Breast metastases that spread from extramammary malignancies are even less common, and account for 0.5%-6.6% of all malignant breast disease. As extrapulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma are uncommon, breast metastasis from osteosarcoma is extremely rare. We report a case of breast and peritoneal metastases from a tibial osteosarcoma 18 months after diagnosis, and 9 months after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Computed tomography findings of multiple calcified and noncalcified tumour deposits in the lungs, pleura, peritoneum, chest wall and both breasts are described.