Avaliação das estratégias de promoção da saúde e prevenção ao uso de drogas na rede psicossocial / Evaluación de estrategias de promoción de la salud y prevención del consumo de drogas en la red psicosocial / Assessment of health promotion and drug use prevention strategies in the psychosocial network

Resumo Objetivo avaliar as estratégias de promoção da saúde e prevenção ao uso de drogas na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. Método estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na avaliação de empoderamento, desenvolvido em 2017 na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) de um município do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os grupos de interesse foram 42 trabalhadores e gestores representativos dos componentes da RAPS municipal. Foram utilizadas técnicas de observação participante, entrevistas e Fórum Aberto. Resultado avaliou-se que as ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção ao uso de drogas são precárias e necessitam de investimentos, constituindo-se a missão dos trabalhadores e gestores. Identificou-se como dificuldade a atuação da atenção primária, devido às fragilidades nas políticas públicas e à falta de apoio dos serviços especializados. Como potencialidade, elencou-se o matriciamento em saúde mental. Sugere-se investimento na Atenção Primária por meio de treinamento e suporte a essas equipes. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a pauta da promoção da saúde e prevenção ao uso abusivo de drogas é urgente e deve ser incluída na estruturação de políticas públicas e práticas no âmbito das redes.

Resumen Objetivo evaluar las estrategias de promoción de la salud y prevención de drogas en la Red de Atención Psicosocial. Método estudio cualitativo, basado en la evaluación de empoderamiento, desarrollado en 2017 en la Red de Atención Psicosocial (RAPS) de un municipio de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los grupos de interés fueron 42 trabajadores y directivos representantes de los componentes de la RAPS municipal. Se utilizaron técnicas de observación participante, entrevistas y Foro Abierto. Resultado se evaluó que las acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención del uso de drogas son precarias y requieren inversiones, constituyendo la misión de trabajadores y gestores. La actuación de la atención primaria fue identificada como una dificultad, debido a las debilidades de las políticas públicas y la falta de apoyo de los servicios especializados. Como potencialidad, se enumeró el apoyo matricial en salud mental. Se sugiere invertir en Atención Primaria a través de la formación y el apoyo a estos equipos. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la agenda de promoción de la salud y prevención del abuso de drogas es urgente y debe ser incluida en la estructuración de políticas públicas y prácticas en redes.

Abstract Objective to assess health promotion and drug use prevention strategies in the Psychosocial Care Network. Method this is a qualitative study based on empowerment evaluation, developed in 2017 in the Psychosocial Care Network of a municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The interest groups were 42 workers and managers representing the municipal RAPS components. Participant observation techniques, interviews and Open Forum were used. Results it was assessed that health promotion and drug use prevention actions are precarious and require investments, constituting the mission of workers and managers. Primary care was identified as a difficulty due to weaknesses in public policies and lack of support from specialized services. As a potentiality, matrix support in mental health was listed. Investment in Primary Care is suggested through training and support for these teams. Conclusion and implications for practice health promotion and drug abuse prevention agenda are urgent and must be included in the structuring of public policies and practices within the networks.

Aceptación y factores determinantes en vacunación contra COVID-19 en usuarios del Ambulatorio "El Ujano"

La vacunación contra la COVID-19 es una medida de prevención clave para reducir la tasa de contagios, contribuir con la inmunidad de rebaño y disminuir la severidad del cuadro clínico. Objetivos: Investigar la aceptación a la vacunación contra la COVID-19 y los factores determinantes en usuarios desde 18 años en el Ambulatorio Urbano tipo I "El Ujano" en Barquisimeto, Venezuela. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, con una muestra no probabilística accidental de 276 usuarios en octubre-noviembre de 2021. La técnica de recolección utilizada fue la entrevista guiada y se formuló como instrumento de recolección de datos un cuestionario estructurado. El análisis fue de tipo descriptivo, usando medidas de frecuencia absolutas y relativas. Resultados: El 87,3 % aceptó la vacuna, prevaleciendo en ambos sexos y todos los grupos etarios. Independientemente del grado de instrucción de los encuestados, predominó el alto nivel de conocimiento sobre la COVID-19 y su prevención en un 60,2 %. La principal fuente de información fue la televisión (54,8 %). La presencia del antecedente patológico de infección por la COVID-19 personal, familiar o de conocidos se demostró en 81,2 % de los usuarios, de los cuales 53,3 % reportaron familiares o conocidos fallecidos debido a esta enfermedad. La principal causa de rechazo (12,7 %) a la vacunación fue "las personas enferman de COVID-19 cuando se vacunan" (31,4 %). Conclusiones: Este estudio aporta datos para la elaboración de planes que incentiven la aceptación de la vacunación como medida de prevención y de esta manera influir positivamente en el control de la pandemia.

Vaccination against COVID-19 is a key preventive measure to reduce the rate of infection, contribute to herd immunity and reduce the severity of the clinical presentation. Objectives: To investigate the acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19 and the determining factors in users from 18 years of age in the Urban Ambulatory type I "El Ujano" in Barquisimeto, Venezuela. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conduced with an accidental non-probabilistic sample made up of 276 users in October-November 2021. The collection technique used was the guided interview and a structured questionnaire was formulated as a data collection tool. The analysis was descriptive, using absolute and relative frequency measures. Results: 87,3 % accepted the vaccine, prevailing in both sexes and all age groups. Regardless of the level of education of the respondents, the high level of knowledge about COVID-19 and its prevention prevailed in 60,2 %. The main source of information was television (54,8 %). The presence of a pathological history of infection by personal, family or known COVID-19 was demonstrated in 81,2 % of users, of which 53,3 % reported relatives or acquaintances who died due to this disease. The main cause of rejection (12,7 %) to vaccination was "people get sick with COVID-19 when they are vaccinated" (31,4 %). Conclusions: this study provides data for the development of plans that encourage the acceptance of vaccination as a prevention measure and thus positively influence the control of the pandemic.

Efecto de la suplementación con ácidos grasos n-3 sobre el perfil de lípidos séricos de ratas

RESUMEN La grasa alimentaria influye en la modulación de las funciones inmunitarias y los procesos inflamatorios; la mayor parte del impacto se atribuye a los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga (AGPI). Los ácidos grasos esenciales (AGE), como el Ácido Linoleico (AL; 18:2n-6) y el Ácido α-Linolénico (AAL; 18:3n-3), que deben ser incorporados con la dieta, son precursores de otros ácidos grasos de gran importancia para el organismo. El AAL, perteneciente a la familia n-3, da origen a los ácidos Eicosapentaenoico (EPA; 20:5n-3) y Docosahexaenoico (DHA; 22:6n-3). Ellos confieren flexibilidad, fluidez y permeabilidad a las membranas, que favorece la salud cardiovascular, reduce el riesgo de deficiencias en la visión y el desarrollo neural de bebés y niños y de demencia en adultos mayores; algunos son precursores en la síntesis de prostaglandinas. También se han observado efectos en la prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades coronarias, hipertensión, diabetes, artritis, inflamaciones, desórdenes autoinmunes y cáncer. Estos efectos pueden explicarse a través de las acciones específicas de cada uno de ellos. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el efecto de una dieta a base de manteca, con y sin la suplementación de AGPI n-3 sobre los lípidos y perfil de AG séricos, de ratas en período de crecimiento activo. Ratas Wistar al destete, recibieron durante 10 días una dieta normocalórica a base de manteca (M). Los otros grupos recibieron la misma dieta suplementada con 24 mg/día de aceite de pescado (MP) -aportador de EPA y DHA- o aceite de chía (MCh)- que proporciona ácido α-linolénico (AAL). El control recibió dieta según AIN´93. Se determinó colesterol total y triglicéridos por métodos enzimáticos y el perfil de ácidos grasos sérico, por cromatografía gaseosa. Resultados: Los grupos M, MP y MCh mostraron niveles más bajos de linoleico y más altos de oleico serie n-9, comparados con C. Sólo M y MP presentan valores bajos de AAL. Los grupos MP y MCh presentaron altos niveles de EPA y DHA. La suplementación con aceite de chía, es más beneficiosa que con aceite de pescado, incrementando el EPA y DHA sérico junto con el AAL. Conclusión: No sólo es importante el porcentaje de lípidos dietarios que se consumen sino también el perfil de ácidos grasos que componen los alimentos.

ABSTRACT Dietary fat influences the modulation of immune functions and inflammatory processes; most of the impact is attributed to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids, such as Linoleic Acid (AL) and α-Linolenic Acid (ALA), which must be incorporated in the diet, are precursors of other fatty acids of great importance for the body. ALA, belonging to n-3 family, gives rise to Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. They confer flexibility, fluidity and selective permeability to the membranes, which favor cardiovascular health, reduce the risk of deficiencies in vision and neural development in infants and children, and dementia in older adults; some are precursors in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Effects have also been observed in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. These effects can be explained through the specific actions of each of them. The objective was to analyze the effect of a butter-based diet, with and without n-3 fatty acid supplementation, on the lipids and serum fatty acid profile of rats in a period of active growth. Wistar rats at weaning received a normo-caloric butter-based diet for 10 days (M). The other groups received the same diet supplemented with 24 mg / day of fish oil (MP) -providing EPA and DHA- or chia oil (MCh)- containing linolenic acid (ALA). The control (C) received a diet according to AIN'93. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined by enzymatic methods and the serum fatty acid profile, by gas chromatography. Results: M, MP and MCh groups showed lower levels of linoleic and higher levels of oleic-n-9, compared to C. Only M and MP have low values of ALA. The MP and MCh groups presented high levels of EPA and DHA. Chia oil supplementation is more beneficial than fish oil, increasing serum EPA and DHA along with ALA. Conclusion: Not only the dietary lipids percentage is important but also the fatty acid profile of the source too.

Adolescent Lifestyle Profile-Revised 2: validity and reliability among adolescents in Chile

Abstract Objective: The aims of this study were twofold. First, to provide evidence of the validity and reliability of the Adolescent Lifestyle Profile-Revised 2 (ALP-R2) among adolescents in Chile; and second, to examine the relationship between the health-promoting behaviors measured by this scale and several demographic variables. Methods: Cross-sectional survey. Students attending grades 9 through 12 from schools representing low-, middle-, and high-income families were included. All schools were in the city of San Felipe, Chile. Students completed the ALP-R2, a fourty-four-item scale aiming to assess health-promoting behaviors. To evaluate validity and reliability, confirmatory factor analysis and omega coefficient calculation were conducted, respectively. Results: The sample size was 572 students (82.5% of the eligible population). More males (56.6%) than females (43.4%) participated in the study, and the mean age was 16.4 (SD, 1.3) years. The ALP-R2 had adequate adjustment indicators in the confirmatory factor analysis, which means that the data supports the original theoretical model (seven subscales). The highest internal consistency was obtained for the total scale (Ω = 0.87); and (among the subscales), physical activity (Ω = 0.85) and spiritual health (Ω = 0.78) had the highest reliability. Conclusions: The ALP-R2 appears to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess health-promoting behaviors among adolescents attending secondary schools.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sexual behavior of the population. The vision of the east and the west

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has radically changed the way of life around the World. The state of alarm has forced the population to stay at home, radically changing both interpersonal and partner relationships; work at home, social distancing, the continued presence of children at home, fear of infection and not being able to physically meet with others have changed most people's sexual habits. We conducted a review by exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual behavior in the population from three different countries: Iran, Italy and Spain from each country's perspective. The impact of the coronavirus will be very important in the sexual life of the people and we will attend in the next months or years, to some changes in the relationships at all the levels. The pandemic will negatively affect sexual behaviors due to multiple contact restrictions. In the future, we will be able to assess these effects in more detail.

Inventário de competência adaptativa: adaptação e evidências de validade junto a trabalhadores brasileiros / Adaptive competence inventory: adaptation and evidence of validity with brazilian workers / Inventario de competencia adaptativa: adaptación y evidencias de validez con trabajadores brasileños

Competência adaptativa é a capacidade de o trabalhador desenvolver novos conhecimentos e habilidades a partir dos que já domina, obtendo resultados eficientes com alta performance em situações novas e desconhecidas. A proposta deste trabalho foi adaptar e analisar a evidência de validade da estrutura interna, convergente e de consistência interna do inventário de competência adaptativa (ICA) junto a trabalhadores brasileiros. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada com 383 trabalhadores brasileiros de todas as regiões do país, de vários ramos de atividade. Na análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC), os resultados foram testados em 4 modelos e a estrutura proposta de 4 dimensões e 14 itens foi a que apresentou melhores índices de ajuste. Foi realizada a validade convergente do ICA com autodeterminação. Na validade discriminante, o ICA apresentou correlação positiva e significativa com o nível de escolaridade dos participantes. As análises estatísticas realizadas permitem, portanto, evidenciar a validade do ICA com trabalhadores brasileiros e apresentar um instrumento de diagnóstico de competência adaptativa.

Adaptive competence is the ability of the worker to develop new knowledge and skills from the ones they already have, achieving efficient results with high performance in new and unknown situations. The purpose of this paper was to adapt and analyze the evidence of the validity of internal structure, convergent validity, and internal consistency of the adaptive competence inventory (ACI) with Brazilian workers. The empirical research was carried out with 383 Brazilian workers from all regions of the country, from various branches of activity. In the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the results were tested in 4 models and the proposed structure of 4 dimensions and 14 items presented the best indices of fit. The convergent validity of the ACI with self-determination was assessed. In the discriminant validity, the ACI showed a positive and significant correlation with the level of education of the participants. The statistical analysis carried out allows us to substantiate the validity of the ACI with Brazilian workers and to present a diagnostic tool for adaptive competence.

La competencia adaptativa es la capacidad del trabajador para desarrollar nuevos conocimientos y habilidades a partir de los que ya domina, lo que hace que se obtengan resultados eficientes con alto desempeño en situaciones nuevas y desconocidas. La propuesta de este trabajo fue adaptar y analizar la evidencia de validez de estructura interna, convergente y de consistencia interna de la del inventario de competencia adaptativa (ICA) con trabajadores brasileños. La investigación empírica fue realizada con 383 trabajadores brasileños de todas las regiones del país, de varias ramas de actividad. En el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), los resultados fueron probados en 4 modelos y la estructura propuesta de 4 dimensiones y 14 ítems fue la que presentó mejores índices de ajuste. Se realizó la validez convergente del ICA con autodeterminación. En la validez discriminante, el ICA presentó una correlación positiva y significativa con el nivel de escolaridad de los participantes. Los análisis estadísticos realizados permiten, por lo tanto, evidenciar la validez del ICA con trabajadores brasileños y presentar un instrumento de diagnóstico de competencia adaptativa.

Sedoanalgesia en neonato a base de remifentanyl. En relación con un caso para epiglotopexia / Sedoanalgesia in neonate based on remifentanyl. In relation to a case for epiglottopexy

Resumen: La etapa neonatal comprende del primer día hasta el día 28 de vida. Se caracteriza por ser una etapa de inmadurez anatómica, fisiológica y metabólica. Por estas características del neonato, los fármacos anestésicos impactan de manera importante en su fisiología respiratoria y cardiovascular; además la farmacocinética se ve modificada por esta inmadurez. La laringomalacia es una de las principales causas de estridor en esta etapa, misma que, dependiendo de la severidad puede requerir manejo quirúrgico, siendo una opción la epiglotopexia. Dicho procedimiento requiere analgesia potente y a su vez la posibilidad de mantener la ventilación espontánea para su adecuada evaluación, mismas que pueden ser alcanzadas con el uso de remifentanyl. Presentamos el caso clínico de un neonato de término de 22 días de vida a quien se le administró remifentanyl como base de la sedoanalgesia para realización de epiglotopexia de manera exitosa. Su potencia analgésica, capacidad de mantener el automatismo ventilatorio y la farmacocinética predecible en el neonato, convierten al remifentanyl en un agente ideal para proporcionar adecuada sedoanalgesia para diferentes procedimientos con un perfil de fácil titulación y de recuperación rápida en el neonato.

Abstract. The neonatal stage comprises from the first day of birth until day 28 of life. It is characterized by being a stage of anatomical, physiological and metabolic immaturity. Due to these characteristics of neonates, anesthetic drugs have an important impact on their respiratory and cardiovascular physiology, and their immaturity on pharmacokinetics. Laryngomalacia is one of the main causes of stridor in this stage, which depending on its severity could require surgical treatment, such as an epiglotopexy. This procedure requires potent analgesia and at the same time the possibility of maintaining spontaneous ventilation for its appropriate evaluation. This can be achieved with the use of remifentanyl. We present the clinical case of a term neonate of 22 days of age who we administered Remifentanyl as the basis of sedoanalgesia for the successful completion of an epiglotopexy. Its analgesic potency, ability to maintain ventilatory automatism and predictable pharmacokinetics in the neonate, makes it an ideal agent to provide adecuate sedoanalgesia for different procedures with an easy titration profile and rapid recovery in the neonate.

Evolución distinta de linfedema primario etapa II de miembros inferiores / Different evolution of stage 2 primary lymphedema of the lower limbs

Resumen Introducción. Un linfedema es el aumento de fluido rico en proteínas y macromoléculas en el espacio intersticial de un segmento corporal con incremento de volumen en el miembro afectado, el cual causa cambios fibroescleróticos progresivos en los tejidos. Objetivo. Informar sobre la evolución clínica y el análisis de la progresión de un paciente de 52 años con linfedema bilateral primario estadio II. Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 52 años quien había sufrido por más de 20 años edema linfostático; el sujeto había recibido diversas opiniones y tratamientos inefectivos los últimos 5 años, hasta que llegó a la Clínica Godoy en Sao Jose de Rio Preto, Brasil, en el año 2016, en donde fue sometido a proceso de terapia intensiva según el modelo de tratamiento propuesto por Godoy & Godoy. Conclusión. Se obtuvieron resultados favorables en un periodo muy corto de tiempo; durante el proceso se observaron distintas evoluciones clínicas en cada pierna, aun recibiendo ambas el mismo tratamiento.

Abstract Introduction: Lymphedema is the accumulation of protein-rich fluid and macromolecules in the interstitial space of a body segment with increased volume in the affected limb, causing progressive fibrosclerotic changes in tissues. Objective: To describe the clinical course and progression analysis of a 52-year-old patient with stage 2 primary bilateral lymphedema. Case presentation: This is the case of a 52-year-old male patient who had suffered from lymphedema for more than 20 years. He had received several opinions and ineffective treatments in the last 5 years, until he was treated at the Clínica Godoy in Sao Jose de Rio Preto, Brazil, in 2016. There, he underwent intensive therapy according to the treatment model proposed by Godoy & Godoy. Conclusion: Favorable outcomes were obtained in a very short period of time; during the process, different clinical evolutions were observed in both legs, even though both received the same treatment.

Evolution of Lymphedema in an Obese Diabetic Patient Using Grosgrain Stockings as Monotherapy

The objective of this study was to show the evolution of lymphedema in an obese diabetic patient using grosgrain stockings as monotherapy. A 51-year-old obese male with diabetes since childhood did not perform adequate control of the condition, progressing to vision loss and diabetic neuropathy. About 10 years ago, he began to have edema in the left leg, which progressed. Therefore, bioimpedance analysis was used, which demonstrated generalized lymphedema. The use of compression stockings made of grosgrain fabric was proposed to which the patient presented good tolerability for 1 year. At one of the evaluations, the generalized edema had returned but subsequently improved again. However, the lymphedema of the trunk and lower limbs remained, despite the weight loss. Systemic clinical lymphedema evaluated by electrical bioimpedance analysis was reduced with the weight loss of the patient throughout treatment.

Evidencia molecular de la ocurrencia de bacterias celulolíticas del género Cohnella en especies neotropicales de Nasutitermitinae colectadas en el NEA / Molecular evidence that cellulolytic bacterial genus Cohnella is widespread among Neotropical Nasutitermitinae from NE Argentina

Cohnella is a highly cellulolytic bacterial genus, which can be found in a variety of habitats. The aim of this study was to assess its presence in the digestive tract of termite species collected in North-eastern Argentina: Nasutitermes aquilinus, N. corniger and Cortaritermes fulviceps. Gut homogenates were incubated with cellulosic substrate for bacterial growth. Bacterial 16S rDNA was partially amplified using new primers for Cohnella spp. and cloned. Sequences obtained showed highest similarity (97.2-99.9%) with those of Cohnella spp. previously reported from diverse environments. Phylogenetic analysis tended to group the clones according to their host species and sampling sites. These results indicate the association of Cohnella-related intestinal symbionts with three common Neotropical termites. Their potential industrial application encourages further research.

Cohnella es un género de bacterias celulolíticas que puede ser encontrado en una variedad de hábitats. El propósito de este estudio fue registrar su presencia en el tracto digestivo de termitas (Nasutitermes aquilinus, N. corniger y Cortaritermes fulviceps) colectadas en el noreste argentino (NEA). Se incubaron homogenados de intestinos en sustrato celulósico para multiplicar las bacterias. Utilizando nuevos cebadores para Cohnella spp., se amplificó una porción del ADN ribosomal 16S bacteriano, el cual fue posteriormente clonado. Las secuencias obtenidas mostraron su mayor porcentaje de similitud (97,2-99,9%) con Cohnella spp., previamente reportadas en diversos ambientes. El análisis filogenético tendió a agrupar a los clones de acuerdo a la especie hospedante y al sitio de muestreo. Estos resultados indican que especies de termitas frecuentes en el NEA albergan simbiontes intestinales relacionados con el género Cohnella. Las potenciales aplicaciones industriales de estos microorganismos animan a profundizar los estudios.

Articulação em rede: o cuidado a usuários de drogas na perspectiva da análise de redes sociais / Networking articulation: care for drug users from the perspective of social network analysis

Objective:The goal of this quantitative and descriptive study was to analyze the articulation between a psychosocial care center and the intersectoral health network. Methodology:Data were collected in a municipality on the western border of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from August to December 2017. Data analysis was performed using the Package for the Social Network Analysis -UCINET software. The study was based on the methodological framework of social network analysis. Results:The results indicated the existence of 37 agents involved in care provided to drug users. It was possible to observe several sectors of justice and public safety that provided direct or indirect care to users. However, the results revealed certain estrangement between these agents and other network services in the development of joint programs and case coordination. The metrics assessed indicated a low degree of interaction between the sectors, demonstrating the difficulty of the network in functioning in an integrated manner and building joint care possibilities. Conclusions:This study discusses the need for greater intersectoral articulation at the interaction levels assessed. It is necessary to plan municipal policies that favor this interaction between agents.

Objetivo: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo quese propõe a analisar a articulação entre um centro de atenção psicossocial e a rede de saúde intersetorial. Metodologia: A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto à dezembro de 2017, em um município da fronteira oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A análise dos dados foi organizada a partir da utilização do Software Package for the Social Network Analysis-UCINET. O estudo norteia-se pelo referencial metodológico de análise de redes sociais. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram a existência de 37 atores envolvidos no cuidado às pessoas que usam drogas. Foi possível observar diversos setores de justiça e segurança pública que prestavam cuidados diretos ou indiretos aos usuários. Contudo, os resultados indicaram certo distanciamento desses atores no tocante ao desenvolvimento de programas conjuntos e coordenação de casos com outros serviços da rede. Verificou-se, através das métricas investigadas, um baixo grau de interação entre os dispositivos, demonstrando a dificuldade por parte da rede em atuar de forma integrada e construir possibilidades de cuidado conjuntas. Considerações finais: Discute-se a necessidade de maior articulação intersetorial nos níveis de interação analisados neste estudo. Para isso, é preciso pensar em políticas municipais que favoreçam essa "costura" entre os atores.

Actitud hacia el consumo, ahorro y endeudamiento en titulados de una universidad pública del sur de Chile / Attitudes toward purchase, saving and indebtedness in university graduates from a public university of southern Chile

La presente investigación tiene por objeto comparar las actitudes hacia el ahorro, consumo y endeudamiento en titulados de una universidad pública del sur de Chile, a partir de su género, nivel socioeconómico y facultad de procedencia. Cuenta con un diseño cuantitativo, no experimental, ex post facto, de alcance descriptivo-correlacional y de tipo transversal. Se administraron la Escala de Actitudes hacia el Endeudamiento, la Escala de Actitudes hacia el Ahorro, la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Compra y la Escala de Evaluación del Nivel Socioeconómico ESOMAR. Además, se aplicó un cuestionario de preguntas de clasificación sociodemográfica, que fue respondido por 120 titulados universitarios de una universidad pública del sur de Chile contactados mediante el método bola de nieve. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, pruebas de comparación de medias y medianas para dos muestras independientes para las comparaciones según género, nivel socioeconómico y facultad de procedencia (pruebas t para muestras independientes y pruebas U de Mann-Whitney),y pruebas de correlación r de Pearson para identificar posibles asociaciones entre las distintas escalas y subescalas. Los resultados permiten concluir un perfil esperable en cuanto a actitudes hacia el ahorro, endeudamiento y la compra, en titulados universitarios. En relación a las comparaciones, si bien se encontraron algunas diferencias significativas en cuanto a género y nivel socioeconómico de los participantes, resultaron más bien bajas. Finalmente, se hallaron asociaciones entre actitudes hacia el ahorro con austeridad y con racionalidad en la compra. También se encontraron asociaciones entre compulsividad en la compra con austeridad (inversamente) y con impulsividad en la compra, lo que apunta a una coherencia teórica de los constructos y sus dimensiones. Limitaciones del estudio incluyen el uso de medidas de autorreporte, lo que restringe la extrapolación de resultados a contextos fuera del presente estudio. Otra limitación corresponde al método de muestreo utilizado (bola de nieve) y tamaño muestral, lo que no permitiría generalizar los resultados a la población. A partir de los hallazgos y limitaciones, se realizan sugerencias para futuras investigaciones en alfabetización económica.

Since the decade of 1970 onward in Chile, there has been a substantial change in terms of economic behaviour, which stems mainly from the installation of a neoliberal socioeconomic model. The profound consequences of this change for the Chilean society can be seen to this day, 40 years later, and these consequences include: broader access to goods and services for segments of the population that were previously excluded and/or that were a privilege of the economic elites; the assignation of new meanings to the concepts of purchase; and saving and indebtedness. These are all key concepts for the development and comprehension the neoliberal model. Complementary, the study of university graduates' behaviour is especially relevant in this area, considering that higher education is often thought to play a substantial role in social mobility. In the Chilean context, the transformations of the educational system have favoured the expansion of the admission numbers up to the point that seven of ten Chileans that pursue a graduate degree are the first members of their family to reach this educational level. Considering the above, the present study aims to compare attitudes towards purchase, saving and indebtedness in graduates from a university in southern Chile, by gender, socioeconomic level and faculty. The study follows a quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental, ex-post-facto design, with a descriptive-correlational scope. A questionnaire was completed by 120 participants contacted via snowball method. The questionnaire included: the Attitudes toward Indebtedness Scale; Attitudes toward Saving Scale; and Attitudes toward Purchase Scale, a scale that evaluates the participants' socioeconomic level and other sociodemographic information to help describe the sample. Descriptive analyses were carried out, along with mean and median comparisons for gender, socioeconomic level and faculty (t tests for independent samples and Mann-Whitney U tests). Finally, correlation tests with Pearson's r test were carried out to test associations between the scales and subscales. Results showed a profile that is desirable in university graduates in terms of attitudes towards saving, indebtedness and purchase, that is: favourable attitudes toward saving, austerity (a subscale of attitudes toward indebtedness) and rationality (a subscale of attitudes toward purchase), as well as negative attitudes toward hedonism (a subscale of attitudes toward indebtedness), and compulsivity and impulsivity (subscales of attitudes toward purchase). In terms of comparison, differences were found when comparing participants by gender in terms of attitudes toward compulsivity, and by their socioeconomic level by attitudes toward austerity in the indebtedness. Both these differences, although significant, were low when considering their effect size. No differences were found when comparing the faculty to which participants belonged in terms of attitudes toward saving, indebtedness and purchase. Finally, results showed associations between attitudes toward saving and austerity and with rationality, and between compulsivity and austerity (inversely) and with impulsivity. These results highlight the need to strengthen the attitudinal aspect in higher education environments where economic literacy is carried out, aiming to prepare students for their insertion into the workforce and their role as active citizens. Limitations of this study include the subjective self-report measurements used, which are susceptible to the effect of social desirability. This limitation hinders the extrapolation of the results in terms of attitudes into actual behaviour in the real world. Another limitation comes from the sampling method used (snowball) and sample size, which does not allow to generalize the results to the population. Drawing from both findings and limitations, suggestions for future research in the subject of economic literacy and related issues are outlined.

Terapia compressiva: bota de Unna aplicada a lesões venosas: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Terapia compresiva: bota de Unna aplicada a lesiones venosas: una revisión integrativa de la literatura / Compression therapy: Unna boot applied to venous injuries: an integrative review of the literature

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a bibliografia relacionada aos tipos de terapias para lesões venosas, enfatizando o uso da bota de Unna, e investigar e discutir os principais aspectos relacionados ao seu uso, comparados aos de outras técnicas. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura dos últimos 5 anos, por meio de buscas na BVS, LILACS, BDENF, SciELO, MEDLINE/PubMed. Resultados: Foram identificadas 22 publicações, com 15.931 casos entre adultos ou idosos, cuja média de idade foi igual ou superior a 60 (35-78) anos, sem discrepância na porcentagem de gênero. A bota de Unna apresentou um tempo inferior de cicatrização que a bandagem elástica simples e de duas camadas. Conclusão: Embora outras técnicas compressivas possam mostrar-se mais eficientes do que a bota de Unna, por agregar mais tecnologia, a bota se destaca por ser um curativo tradicional de baixo custo. A bandagem multicamada é uma técnica padrão-ouro. Esta revisão mostrou que a bota de Unna pode não ser a melhor opção, por demandar um tempo superior de cicatrização em comparação à bandagem multicamada, mas atende à expectativa com um alto índice de eficiência no tratamento, ainda se comparada ao curativo simples, bandagem simples ou de duas camadas.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la bibliografía relacionada con los tipos de terapias para lesiones venosas, subrayando el empleo de la bota de Unna, e investigar y discutir los principales aspectos relacionados con el uso, comparados con los de otras técnicas. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura de los últimos cinco años, mediante búsquedas en la BVS, LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE/PubMed. Resultados: Fueron identificadas 22 publicaciones, con 15.931 casos entre adultos o añosos, cuyo promedio de edad fue igual o superior a 60 (35-78) años, sin discrepancia en el porcentaje de género. La bota de Unna presentó un tiempo inferior de cicatrización que el vendaje elástico simple y de dos capas. Conclusión: Aunque otras técnicas compresivas puedan mostrarse más eficientes que la bota de Unna, por agregar más tecnología, la bota se destaca por ser un apósito tradicional de bajo costo. El vendaje multicapa es una técnica regla de oro. Esta revisión mostró que la bota de Unna puede no ser la mejor opción, al demandar un tiempo superior de cicatrización en comparación con el vendaje multicapa, pero atiende a la expectación con un alto índice de eficiencia en el tratamiento, incluso si comparada con el apósito simple, vendaje simple o de dos capas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the literature related to the types of therapies for venous injuries with emphasis on use of the Unna boot, and to investigate and discuss the main aspects related to its use compared to other techniques. Method: Integrative review of the literature of the last five years through searches in the following databases: VHL, LILACS, BDENF, SciELO, MEDLINE/PubMed. Results: Twenty-two publications were identified, with 15,931 cases among adult or elderly individuals, whose mean age was 60 (35-78) years or greater with no sex differences. The Unna boot presented a shorter healing time than the single and two-layer elastic bandage. Conclusion: Although other compression techniques may prove to be more efficient than the Unna boot by adding more technology, the boot stands out as a traditional low-cost dressing. Multilayer bandage is a gold standard technique. This review demonstrated the best option may not be the Unna boot, because it requires a higher healing time compared to the multilayer bandage, but it meets the expectation with a high rate of treatment efficiency, also when compared to simple dressing, single or two-layer bandage.

Hábito de fumar y salud bucal en adolescentes. Politécnico Israel Moliné Rendón, Limonar, 2015 / Smoking habit and oral health in teenagers. Polytechnic School Israel Moliner Rendón, 2015

Introducción: El hábito de fumar se asocia a múltiples enfermedades entre ellas las bucales. Se estima un comienzo cada vez más precoz entre los adolescentes de 12 y 14 años. Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento del hábito de fumar y su repercusión sobre la salud bucal de los adolescentes del Politécnico Israel Moliné, Limonar, año 2015. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. El universo estuvo conformado por 129 adolescentes del politécnico Israel Moliné, Limonar. Las variables estudiadas fueron: sexo, práctica del hábito de fumar, tiempo fumando, motivaciones para fumar, afecciones bucales presentes en los fumadores, nivel de conocimientos sobre repercusión del hábito en la salud bucal. Para obtener la información se confeccionó un documento que recogía datos generales y relacionados con el hábito, se realizó el examen bucal y se aplicó un cuestionario sobre la repercusión del mismo en la salud bucal. Resultados: El 41,1 % de los adolescentes practicaba el hábito de fumar que se observó en 45,8 % del total de féminas. Casi la mitad llevaba menos de un año realizándolo, motivados por amigos (66 %) que fuman. La halitosis (77,3 %) y manchas nicotínicas (64,1 %) fueron las afecciones bucales más observadas. El 75,2 % tuvo bajo nivel de conocimientos sobre hábito de fumar y salud bucal. Conclusiones: El hábito prevaleció en el sexo femenino. El entorno de adolescentes repercutió de manera importante. Con poco tiempo de práctica del hábito se observaron afecciones bucales asociadas al mismo. Los adolescentes desconocían la repercusión que tiene este hábito sobre la salud bucal (AU).

Introduction: the smoking habit is associated to several diseases, and among them to the oral ones. Currently it is estimated that this harmful habit has a more and more precocious beginning among Cuban teenagers. Objetive: to characterize smoking behavior and its repercussion on the oral health of teenagers from the Polytechnic School "Israel Moliner Rendón", municipality of Limonar in 2015. Materials and Methods: a descriptive, observational study was carried out in a universe formed by 120 teenagers from the Polytechnic School "Israel Moliner Rendón". The studied variables were sex, smoking habit existence, time spend smoking, smoking motivations, oral diseases presented by smokers, level of knowledge on the repercussion of smoking on oral health. For gathering the information a document was prepared collecting general data and data related with the smoking habit, the oral examination was performed and a questionnaire about the repercussion of smoking on oral health was filled out. Results: 41,1 % of the teenagers practiced the smoking habit, and 45,8 % were female. Almost half of them smoked for less than a year. Halitosis (77,3 %) and nicotine strains (64,1 %) were the predominant oral affections. 75,2 % of the sample showed low level of knowledge about the repercussion of the smoking habit on oral health. Conclusions: the habit prevailed among females. The adolescent surrounding had an important influence. With few time of practicing smoking, there were found oral associated affections. Teenagers did not know the repercussion this habit has on oral health (AU).

Godoy & Godoy Compression Sleeve in the Treatment of Arm Lymphedema: New Concepts for Materials

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study on a new low-elastic textile that fulfilled the criteria of fabrics for the manufacture of compression garments to treat lymphedema. The evolution of Godoy & Godoy compression sleeves was performed by following the patients treated for arm lymphedema. Sixty-six patients with ages ranging from 35 to 83 years and a mean of 58.8 years were included in this study. Diagnosis, by the clinical evaluation confirmed by the volumetry, was defined as a volume difference of more than 200 mL between the arms. All the participants were submitted to treatment sessions once, or two times weekly in an outpatient setting. The material used for the compression sleeve in this study was commercialized in Brazil under the name of Gorgurão(r). When high alterations in the pattern of sleeves were made, the patients were monitored by weekly volumetric assessments. The criterion to maintain the modifications in the design was that the hand did not present with edema. By the end of the study, the design of the sleeve was changed so as not to use compression therapy of the hands in 81.8% of the cases; 12.2% continued with compression of the hand, 3.0% stopped using compression completely and 3.0% used only a glove. Thus, Godoy & Godoy compression sleeves could be an efficient option for compression in the treatment of arm lymphedema as they provided better independence in day-to-day activities.

Olfaction in Neurologic and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Literature Review

Introduction Loss of smell is involved in various neurologic and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease. However, the olfactory test is usually neglected by physicians at large. Objective The aim of this study was to review the current literature about the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and neurologic and neurodegenerative diseases. Data Synthesis Twenty-seven studies were selected for analysis, and the olfactory system, olfaction, and the association between the olfactory dysfunction and dementias were reviewed. Furthermore, is described an up to date in olfaction. Conclusion Otolaryngologist should remember the importance of olfaction evaluation in daily practice. Furthermore, neurologists and physicians in general should include olfactory tests in the screening of those at higher risk of dementia. .

Estudo-piloto no tratamento do linfedema de membros inferiores com meia de gorgurão / Pilot study on the treatment of lower limb lymphedema using grosgrain socks

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a redução do linfedema em membros inferiores utilizando meia de gorgurão (não elástica) como forma isolada de tratamento. Método: foram avaliados em ensaios clínicos prospectivos 13 pacientes consecutivos com linfedema em membros inferiores tratados com meia de gorgurão e avaliados pela volumetria na Clínica Godoy em 2012. Foram cinco do sexo masculino e oito do sexo feminino, com idades variando entre 26 e 72 anos, com média de 49,0anos. O critério de inclusão foi ter linfedema grau II em membros inferiores, independentemente da causa; houve também a exclusão de pacientes com histórico de alergias e intolerância a mecanismos de contenção, processos infecciosos ativos, imobilidade articular e outras causas que pudessem interferir nos edemas em geral. O tratamento realizado foi a meia de gorgurão, que é inelástica, confeccionada sob medida, em queo fechamento é feito com ilhós e permite ajustamento pelo próprio paciente. Foi feita volumetria - técnica de mensura por deslocamento de água - no início e em todos os retornos. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste-t pareado, sendo considerado erro alfa de 5%. Resultado: o estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Detectou-se redução significativa nos pacientes tratados, teste t pareado bicaudal com p.

Objective: the objective of this study was to evaluate lymphedema reduction in lower limbs using grosgrain socks (inelastic) as an isolated form of treatment. Method: 13 consecutive patients with lymphedema in the lower limbs treated with grosgrain socks were evaluated in prospective clinical assays for volumetry in the Godoy Clinic in 2012. There were five male and eight female patients, with ages ranging between 26 and 72 years and average of 49.0 years. The inclusion criterion was presenting grade II lymphedema in the lower limbs regardless of the cause; patients with a history of allergies and intolerance to containment mechanisms, infectious processes, joint immobility, and other causes that could interfere with the edema were excluded. The treatment used grosgrain socks, which are inelastic, custom made and closed through eyelets that allow adjustment by the patient. The volumetric technique was used to measure water-offset at the start and all follow-ups. The paired t-test was used for the statistical analysis considering a 5% alpha error. Results: the study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. A significant reduction was detected in treated patients, two-tailed paired t-test with p.

Síndrome Complexa de Dor Regional do tipo I do membro superior: tratamento baseado no Estresse Muscular de Tração e Compressão Ativa / Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I of the upper limb - treatment based on Stress Loading Program: a case study

O cotidiano de uma pessoa que sofre de Síndrome Complexa de Dor Regional de tipo I (SCDR I) passa a ser limitado, pois essa síndrome gera sinais e sintomas localizados no membro acometido, podendo também se estabelecer em outros locais. Tendo isso em vista, este estudo objetiva apresentar as contribuições da Terapia Ocupacional e do Programa de Reabilitação Baseado no Estresse Muscular de Tração e Compressão Ativa para um sujeito com SCDR I no membro superior, atendido pelo Grupo de Dor do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM), RS. A presente pesquisa é caracterizada como um estudo de caso, experimental, que se ocupa dos períodos pré e pós-intervenção terapêutica ocupacional. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram os protocolos de Disfunção Ombro, Braço, Mão (DASH), a Classificação Internacional de Incapacidade, Funcionalidade e Saúde (CIF), a Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM), a Goniometria e a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). Findas as avaliações, o sujeito foi exposto ao tratamento de exercícios ativos resistivos compressivos e, após a conclusão do tratamento, foi reavaliado. Observou-se, então, que o tratamento aplicado contribuiu para a diminuição do quadro doloroso e para a melhoria na Amplitude de Movimento (ADM) do sujeito. A utilização do protocolo de estresse e compressão ativa contribuiu significativamente para a redução da dor, o ganho de ADM e a melhora do desempenho ocupacional.

Acometimento do epitélio olfatório pela doença de Alzheimer: um estudo de correlação clínico-patológica / Olfactory epithelium involvement in Alzheimer's disease: a clinicalpathological study

A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é caracterizada por declínio cognitivo e funcional progressivo e constitui-se como a forma mais prevalente de demência. O diagnóstico da DA é realizado atualmente, exclusivamente por meio de critérios clínicos. No entanto, a manifestação clínica da DA é precedida por um longo período assintomático, com depósito silencioso das proteínas tau e -amiloide no tecido cerebral. Evidências recentes demonstram que a mucosa olfatória, estrutura periférica e facilmente acessível também está acometida na DA, podendo representar um bom método de diagnóstico preciso e precoce desta moléstia. Os objetivos desse estudo consistem em correlacionar a prevalência das proteínas tau e -amiloide no epitélio olfatório (EO) com os estágios clínicos e neuropatológicos da doença e determinar a sensibilidade e especificidade dos achados no EO para o diagnóstico da DA em seus diferentes estágios de evolução. Para tal fim, é proposto estudo post-mortem, com avaliação de 92 tecidos cerebrais de indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 50 anos, provenientes do Banco de Encéfalos Humanos do Grupo de Estudos em Envelhecimento Cerebral da Universidade de São Paulo, com coleta dos blocos de mucosa olfatória no momento da autópsia. A avaliação cognitiva foi realizada por meio de entrevista com informante de convívio próximo com o falecido, aplicando as escalas CDR e IQCODE. A avaliação neuropatológica do encéfalo e do EO foi realizada por meio de técnicas de . Os casos foram classificados mediante critério neuropatológico do CERAD e do estadiamento de Braak e Braak para DA. A presença de proteína tau e -amiloide no EO foi correlacionada com os parâmetros clínicos e neuropatológicos obtidos. A análise do EO da concha superior permitiu identificar as proteínas tau e -amiloide com sensibilidade alta, quando comparada com o diagnóstico neuropatológico (>80%) e clínico ( > 90%). Desta forma, a análise para as proteínas tau e - amiloide do epitélio olfatório pode...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive functional and cognitive decline and is considered the most prevalent type of dementia. AD is diagnosed exclusively on the basis of clinical criteria. However, clinical symptoms of AD are preceded by a long asymptomatic period, with silent deposition of tau and amyloid proteins in brain tissue. Recent studies demonstrate the same findings in the olfactory epithelium, a ready accessible structure which could contribute to the precise and early diagnosis of AD. The objectives of the current study were to correlate the prevalence of tau and amyloid proteins distributed in several areas of the olfactory epithelium with clinical and neuropathological criteria used for the diagnosis of AD and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the olfactory epithelium involvement for the diagnosis of AD. Ninety-two individuals, belonging to the Brazilian Brain Bank of the Aging Brain Study Group from University of São Paulo, whose blocks of olfactory mucosa were collected during autopsy, were tested. Cognitive data were gathered through an interview with a knowledgeable informant, using the CDR (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale) and the IQCODE (Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly) scales. Neuropathological examination was carried out on the basis of accepted criteria, using immunohistochemistry. Neuropathological classification of AD was performed in accordance with the CERAD criteria and Braak & Braak staging. The presence of tau and amyloid protein deposits in the olfactory epithelium was compared with clinical and neuropathological parameters. Immunostaining of olfactory epithelium from the superior turbinate was able to identify tau protein and amyloid-? with high sensitivity when compared with neuropathological scales ( > 80%) and clinical classification of CDR ( > 90%). Thus, immunohistochemistry for tau and amyloid proteins of the olfactory epithelium may represent a potential...