RESUMEN
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a common endocrine metabolic disorder, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with diabetes have a higher prevalence of thyroid disorders when compared with general population. Alteration in thyroid function complicates the management of DM and its complications. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted from June 2015 to June 2016 in Medicine Department of Department of Medicine, KIMS, Bhubaneswar. 50 patients with known Type 2 DM or newly detected cases were included in the study. All the patients were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction by testing thyroid profile (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone). The correlation of prevalence of thyroid disorder with gender distribution, age distribution, duration of diabetes, hypertension, family history of diabetes was then done. The observations and interpretations were recorded, and results obtained were statistically analysed. Results: In this study, age of the patient ranges from 35 to 70 years with maximum number of patients between the age group 41 and 60 years. In our study, 16% of the patients with Type 2 DM had abnormal thyroid profile. Among abnormal thyroid profile, the most common abnormality was subclinical hypothyroidism (62.5%) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (25%) followed by overt hypothyroidism. The prevalence of thyroid abnormality is more common in females than in males. Conclusion: The occurrence of thyroid dysfunction among Type 2 DM patients is very high (16%) with subclinical hypothyroidism is being most common. Therefore, endocrinologists/clinicians should go for thyoid profile check in all type 2 diabetic patients.
RESUMEN
Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is commonly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Prevalence of NASH in type 2 DM has not been well studied and there is an epidemic rise in type 2 DM in Asian and Western populations. Its association with chronic liver disease in the form of NASH makes it an important health problem. Hence, we have studied its prevalence and correlation of biochemical parameters with histological grades of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in otherwise asymptomatic type 2 DM patients. Materials & Methods: One hundred and twenty-five individuals were screened. N=30 individuals were excluded due to history of alcohol intake or liver disease as a result of other causes. N=95 non-alcoholic individuals with type 2 DM underwent abdominal ultrasonography (US abdomen). N=28 patients had evidence of fatty liver on US abdomen, and 16 of these 28 patients underwent liver biopsy. Results: Out of 125 patients enrolled with the suspicion of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, female patients were 70 (56%) and male patients 55 (44%). The prevalence of NAFLD was found to be more in females n=40 than males n=30. N=16 patients were undergone liver biopsy for the suspicion NASH. Out of 22 patients suspected, only 9 patients were found to be having NASH. Conclusion: We conclude that the prevalence of NASH is high in type 2 DM patients and liver biopsy is the only investigation to differentiate between non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis.