RESUMEN
Context: the high prevalence of chronic diseases can be prevented or managed by specific changes in lifestyle patterns of individuals of which dietary factors is emphasized. The objective of this study was to review all findings of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study regarding validity and reliability of food frequency questionnaire [FFQ], evaluating dietary quality and association of dietary factors in relation to diabetes, dysglycemia, cardiovascular [CVD] and chronic kidney disease [CKD]
Evidence Acquisition: related documents were searched through PubMed and Scopus databases, in English language from 2000 to 2017. Finally, 52 relevant documents were eligible for inclusion in this review
Results: the FFQ proved to be an acceptable tool for assessing nutrient and food group intakes and rank individuals accurately according to the levels of their dietary intakes. After 8 years of follow-up, the western dietary pattern [DP] was fairly stable but there was instability of traditional Iranian DP. DPs of over two-thirds of Tehranian populations were not in accordance with the dietary recommendations. Higher dietary scores of variety and healthy DPs were also associated with reduced odds of dysglycemia. The main dietary factor related to increased risk of CVDin our population was western DP. Patterns of amino acid intakesmaycontribute to the development of CVD. Higher intakes of several micronutrients and macronutrients, DPs and some vegetables decrease the risk of CKD. In conclusion DPs of most Tehranian adults need improvement
Conclusions: this review showed that higher adherence to healthy food choices was associated with reduced odds of dysglycemia and CVD. Dietary sources of renal-protective nutrients should be encouraged among the general population
RESUMEN
Context: genetic and environmental factors contribute to the incidence of metabolic syndrome [MetS]. This study aimed to review all findings of studies conducted in framework of the Tehran lipid and glucose study [TLGS] regarding the association of dietary factors with cardio-metabolic risk factors
Evidence Acquisition: all English-language studies were searched using PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to 2017. Finally, 105 relevant papers were included in this review
Results: whole grains, legumes, nuts and healthy dietary patterns [DPs] reduced risk of MetS, while white rice, salty/sweet snacks increased this. The western DP had a significant interaction with APOC3, APOA1 and MC4R polymorphisms in relation to MetS. After 6.5 years of follow-up, odds of reaching menarche
Conclusions: higher adherence to healthy food choices was associated with reduced odds of MetS, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The western DP accentuated the association of polymorphisms with MetS
RESUMEN
Context: in recent decades, investigations have been focused on the definition, incidence and predictors of metabolic syndrome [MetS] in Iranians. This study aimed to review systematically investigations on MetS, conducted among the Tehran lipid and glucose study [TLGS] participants
Evidence Acquisition: literature on MetS documented by TLGS studies published from 2000 to 2017 were searched using Pubmed and Scopus database in English language with a combination of following keywords: Metabolic syndrome, TLGS
Results: the harmonized definition of MetS was confirmed, based on the estimated cut point of waist circumference [WC] >/= 95 cm for both genders in Iran. The incidence rate was 550.9/10000 person/years, lower among women [433.5/10000] than men [749.2/10000]. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, high triglycerides [TG], low high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], high blood pressure [BP], and high fasting blood glucose [FBG] was 30, 46, 69, 34, and 12%, respectively. The prevalence of MetS in adolescents was 10.1% with no significant difference between boys and girls [10.3% in boys and 9.9% in girls]. A strong association of WC [OR: 2.32, CI: 2.06 - 2.59] and TGs [OR: 1.95, CI: 1.65 - 2.11] with development of MetS was found. In adolescent boys, WC had the highest OR for MetS risk. WHO-defined MetS was a significant predictor of total and cardiovascular mortality both in men [HR: 1.66, CI: 1.23 - 2.24; HR: 1.93, CI: 1.26 - 2.94] and women [HR: 2.01, CI: 1.39 - 2.88; HR: 2.71, CI: 1.44 - 5.09]
Conclusions: our results indicate high incidence of MetS in Tehranian adults and adolescents; high WC also appears to be a strong predictor of MetS. All definitions of MetS predicted cardiovascular disease
RESUMEN
Background: Few studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic neuropathy. Present study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental trial, 30 diabetic subjects aged over 35 years with peripheral neuropathy with serum levels of vitamin D less than 30ng/ml, were sequentially selected. The NSS questionnaire [Neuropathy Symptom Score] used to determine the severity of the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy [subjective data] and NDS questionnaire [Neuropathy Disability Score] used for symptoms of neuropathy [objective information]. Participants were treated by 50,000 IU/week of oral vitamin D for 10 weeks
Results: 30 patients with mean age of 60.1 years, including 10 [33%] men, were studied. 83.3% had serum vitamin D deficiency [under 20ng/mL] and 16.7% had serum vitamin D insufficiency [20-30ng/mL]. Mean [+/- standard deviation] serum vitamin D levels was 14.37+/-5.86 ng/mL. Seventy percent of participants showed a significant decrease in NSS scores [p=0.02], as well as declining in mean of their scores [p<0.05] before and after the prescription of vitamin D. By contrast, there seems to be no significant changes in NDS scores at that interval [p=0.748]
Conclusion: Prescription of vitamin D for 3 months improved the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy in diabetic patients regarding NSS; however, NDS showed no changes in the examinations of participants
RESUMEN
Background: Our aim was to evaluate the association of metabolic syndrome [MetS] and its components with body fat percentage [BFP] and anthropometric indicesin10 to 18year old adolescents
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 134 Tehranian adolescents, aged 10 to 18 years [66 boys and 68 girls] in 2007. The MetS definition proposed by Cook et al. was used. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship of MetS and its components with body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], waist to height ratio [WHtR], and BFP. Using the areas under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve, the discriminatory ability of anthropometric measurements and BFP was evaluated
Results: The mean+/-SD forage of boys and girls was14.5+/-2.3and13.0+/-2.9 years, respectively [P=0.001]; the prevalence of MetS in these groups was 32.3 and6.5%, respectively [P=0.001]. After adjusting for sex and physical activity, the highest odds ratios [95% CI] for MetS and hypertriglyceridemia were found for WC, 6.27 [2.63-14.94; P<0.05] and 3.14 [1.87-5.27; P<0.05], respectively, and those for low HDL-C and hypertension were found for BMI, 2.91 [1.73-4.90; P<0.05] and 2.26 [1.27-4.02; P=0.05], respectively. After adjusting for sex and physical activity, the highest area under ROC curve for MetS and hypertriglyceridemia was seen for WC [P=0.001], for hypertension it was seen for BMI [P=0.001], and for low HDL-C it was observed for both WC and BMI [P=0.001]
Conclusions: In adolescents, WC was the best predictor of MetS and hypertriglyceridemia, BMI was the best predictor of hypertension, and WC and BMI were the best predictors for low HDL-C
RESUMEN
Multiple Sclerosis [MS] is the most prevalent autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, and it has been suggested that nutrition might play a role in the etiology of MS. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between MS risk and intake of some macro- and micro-nutrients in Tehran [Iran]. In this hospital based, case-control study, a total of 60 newly diagnosed patients with MS and 140 controls underwent face-to-face interviews. Information regarding the usual dietary intake of each individual in the past year was collected by using a valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Inverse significant associations were observed [P< 0.05] between the intake of protein [OR=0.19; 95% CI: 0.04- 0.76] and micro-nutrients such as vitamin B1 [OR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.02-0.53], vitamin B2 [OR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.04-0.50], cobalamin [OR=0.13; 95% CI: 0.04-0.38], vitamin C [OR=0.20; 95% CI: 0.07-0.58], vitamin A [OR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.09- 0.59], vitamin D [OR=0.28; 95% CI: 0.11-0.72], vitamin E [OR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.05-0.41], beta-carotene [OR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.15-0.97], zinc [OR=0.05; 95% CI: 0.01-0.27], magnesium [OR=0.12; 95% CI: 0.03-0.47] and calcium [OR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.08-0.67] and the risk of MS. The results suggest that intake of some macro- and micro-nutrients might be associated with reduced risk of MS. It seems promising that intake of nutrients at least in the dietary reference levels may decrease the risk of MS
RESUMEN
This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between food security and individual dietary diversity score [IDDS]. This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 non-diabetic individuals aged>/=40 years, selected randomly from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Household food security was measured using a validated United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] 18-item questionnaire and IDDS using a valid and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire based on five food groups of the Food Guide Pyramid. Overall, 48.5% of the study subjects had high, 36.0% had borderline, and 15.5% had low food security. Significant inverse correlations were observed between the scores for food security, diversity of fruits and vegetables, and total IDDS. Food secure group had significantly higher total IDDS [4.74 +/- 1.40 vs. 5.15 +/- 1.28, P = 0.033] and score for diversity of fruits [1.48 +/- 1.40 vs. 1.68 +/- 1.28, P = 0.030] as compared to the food insecure group. After adjusting for covariates, higher food security score was associated with lower total IDDS [regression coefficient for a 1-unit difference in diversity score = -0.130, P = 0.040], and score for diversity of fruits [regression coefficient for a 1-unit difference in diversity score = -0.182, P = 0.010]. The results showed an inverse relationship between food security score and dietary diversity score. Intake of different fruits is associated with higher food security
RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of diet quality indices in predicting obesity and abdominal obesity in a population in nutrition transition. This study explored the association of the Mediterranean Diet Scale [MDS], Healthy Eating Index-2005 [HEI-2005], and Diet I Quality Index-International [DQI-I] with body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC] in a cross-sectional study after 6.7 years of follow-up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS] population. Out of 192 subjects who had BMI < 25kg/m[2] and of 283 subjects who were free of abdominal obesity at baseline, 39.6% developed overweight and obesity and 43.1% developed abdominal obesity respectively during 6.7 years of follow-up in the study population. In cross-sectional analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, physical activity and smoking status, multivariate analysis of covariance did not show any significant results regarding the relation of the diet quality indices, BMI and WC. According to follow-up analysis, none of the indices had significant associations with BMI and WC after adjustments for confounders and baseline values of BMI and WC. Adherence to MDS, HEI-2005, and DQI-I could not predict BMI and WC in Iranian participants after 6.7 years of follow-up