Knowledge of and adherence to standard precautions in a hemodialysis unit: a cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Standard precautions (SPs) are recommended safety measures for healthcare professionals to follow, with a view to preventing healthcare-related infections (HCRIs) and for their own protection. Inadequate adherence to these measures can lead to occurrences of occupational accidents and HCRIs. OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the knowledge of and adherence to SP measures among the nursing staff of a hemodialysis service and the relationship of these variables to occurrences of work accidents with biological material. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive cross-sectional and correlational study with a quantitative approach developed in a hemodialysis clinic in Minas Gerais. METHODS: Data were collected through sociodemographic questionnaires and questionnaires on knowledge of and adherence to SPs. RESULTS: 29 professionals participated in the study. It is noteworthy that all of them had already participated in training related to SPs. However, no relationship was identified between knowledge of (15.17 points) and adherence to (71.86 points) SPs. In addition, inferential analysis showed that there was a relationship between suffering a work accident with biological material and the sociodemographic data and knowledge of and adherence to standard precautions. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the SPs that had been established did not mean mastery of the subject. Despite positive results regarding adherence, factors requiring improvement were observed. It was possible to infer the characteristics that gave rise to greater risk of occurrences of accidents at work. Thus, this study showed the importance of assessing knowledge of and adherence to SP, in order to optimize and direct continuing education towards resolving occupational exposure.

Cuidados de enfermagem e manifestações clínicas de gestantes HIV positivo: revisão da literatura / Nursing care and clinical manifestations of hiv positive pregnant women: literature review / Atención de enfermería y manifestaciones clínicas de mujeres embarazadas positivas al vih: revisión de la literatura

Objetivo: identificar os cuidados de enfermagem necessários às gestantes com HIV partindo das manifestações clínicas encontradas em revisão da literatura. Método: revisão na literatura realizada na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e na Medline/Pubmed, entre abril e junho do ano 2021.Resultados: quanto aos cuidados de enfermagem 24(50%) referiram acompanhar e orientar no tratamento da terapia antirretroviral; 14(29,2%) orientar quanto aos cuidados; principal manifestação clínica/alteração com 13(27%) foi o medo do julgamento, transmissão vertical, efeitos da terapia antirretroviral, de morrer, de infecções oportunistas, estigma, discriminação, complicação obstétrica. Quanto aos diagnósticos de enfermagem destaca-se o medo relacionado a cenário pouco conhecido evidenciado por apreensão, sensação de medo e foco direcionado para a fonte do medo. Conclusão: os cuidados de enfermagem direcionados a gestante diagnosticada com HIV contribuirão para uma assistência mais assertiva, eficaz, inclusiva e respeitosa.

Objective: to identify the necessary nursing care for pregnant women with HIV based on clinical manifestations found in a literature review. Method: literature review conducted in the Virtual Health Library and Medline/Pubmed, between April and June 2021. Results: regarding nursing care, 24 (50%) reported following and guiding the treatment of antiretroviral therapy; 14(29.2%) provide guidance regarding care; main clinical manifestation/alteration with 13 (27%) was fear of judgment, vertical transmission, effects of antiretroviral therapy, dying, opportunistic infections, stigma, discrimination, obstetric complications. As for the nursing diagnoses, the fear related to a little-known scenario, evidenced by apprehension, feeling of fear and focus directed to the source of fear stands out. Conclusion: nursing care aimed at pregnant women diagnosed with HIV will contribute to a more assertive, effective, inclusive and respectful care.

Objetivo: identificar los cuidados de enfermería necesarios para la gestante con VIH, a partir de las manifestaciones clínicas encontradas en una revisión de la literatura. Método: revisión de la literatura realizada en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y Medline / Pubmed, entre abril y junio de 2021. Resultados: en el cuidado de enfermería, 24 (50%) refirieron seguir y orientar el tratamiento de la terapia antirretroviral; 14 (29,2%) brindan orientación sobre la atención; La principal manifestación / alteración clínica con 13 (27%) fue miedo al juicio, transmisión vertical, efectos de la terapia antirretroviral, muerte, infecciones oportunistas, estigma, discriminación, complicaciones obstétricas. En cuanto a los diagnósticos de enfermería, destaca el miedo relacionado con un escenario poco conocido, evidenciado por aprensión, sentimiento de miedo y enfoque dirigido a la fuente del miedo. Conclusión: la atención de enfermería dirigida a la gestante diagnosticada con VIH contribuirá a una atención más asertiva, eficaz, inclusiva y respetuosa.