Operação de Fontan: uma técnica em evolução / Fontan operation: a technique in evolution

Objetivo: Estudos recentes de fluxo com modelos experimentais de anastomoses cavopulmonares totais (ACPTs) baseados em ressonância magnética e angiografia demonstram que este é um procedimento bem estabelecido para o tratamento de várias cardiopatias, mas o melhor arranjo espacial continua controverso. Nosso intuito é apresentar os resultados imediatos com três diferentes técnicas de ACPTs. Métodos: Ensaio clínico de ACPTs realizadas no período de janeiro de 2005 a julho de 2008 com 40 pacientes, com idade média de 6,4 ± 3,2 anos, com Glenn prévio. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos, dependendo da técnica cirúrgica empregada: Grupo 1 (G1) - túnel lateral; Grupo 2 (G2) - conduto extracardíaco; Grupo 3 (G3) - conduto intracardíaco dirigido para o ramo esquerdo de artéria pulmonar, todos com fenestração. Foram avaliadas variáveis pré e pós-operatórias. Resultados: Foram incluídos 11 pacientes no G1, 10 no G2 e 19 no G3. As variáveis pré-operatórias foram semelhantes nos três grupos (P>0,05). A mortalidade foi maior nos Grupos 1 e 2 (9,1 por cento e 10,0 por cento, respectivamente), comparadas ao Grupo 3 (zero), porém sem significância estatística (P=0,3841). Efusão pleural foi ausente no Grupo 3, diferença significativa (P=0,0128) em relação aos outros grupos (40,0 por cento e 33,3 por cento). A mediana do tempo de hospitalização pós-operatória foi menor no Grupo 3 (8 dias), em relação aos grupos 1 e 2 (18 e 13 dias, respectivamente) (P=0,0164). Conclusão: A técnica de conduto intracardíaco foi associada a menor morbidade pós-operatória, sendo a opção atual do nosso serviço na anastomose cavopulmonar total.

Objectives: Recent experimental flow studies based on angiography and magnetic resonance have shown that total cavopulmonary anastomosis (TCPA) is a valid concept for surgical treatment of many congenital heart defects, but there is not agreement of the best surgical arrangement. Our purpose is to analyze the immediate results with three different techniques of TCPA. Methods: We sought to analyze retrospectively all TCPA realized from January 2005 to July 2008; there were 40 patients, all with previous Glenn anastomosis, with mean age of 6.4 ± 3.2 years. Three different techniques were employed: Group 1 (G1) lateral tunnel, Group 2 (G2) extracardiac conduits, Group 3 (G3) intracardiac conduit directed to the left pulmonary artery. All patients had a fenestration done. Results: G1 had 11 patients, G2 10 patients and G3 19 patients. Preoperative data were similar in the 3 groups (P>0.05). Surgical mortality was higher in Groups 1 and 2 (9.1 percent and 10 percent) compared to Group 3 (0 percent) but there was no statistical significance (P=0.3841). Pleural effusion was absent in Group 3 (0 percent), which was statistically significant in relation to the other groups (P=0.0128). The hospitalization time was also significantly lower in G3 (8 days) in relation to G1 (18 days) and G2 (13 days) (P=0.0164). Conclusion Intracardiac TCPA was associated with lower postoperative morbidity and is currently our preferred technique.

Esternorrafia secundária em cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica / Secondary sternotomy in pediatric heart surgery

PURPOSE--To analyze the results observed in children who underwent surgical correction of congenital anomalies, in whom the sternotomy was left open to avoid postoperative heart compression. METHODS--Fourteen children with mean age of 11 months, with different kind of congenital malformations who underwent definitive correction were submitted to the technique of delayed sternal closure. The indication was: hemodynamic instability due to sternal approximation (8), uncontrolled bleeding (4) and preventive (2). In all patients a bovine pericardial patch was sutured to the skin edges allowing a good decompression of the heart. RESULTS--Among the 14 children, two died in the immediate postoperative period, before the secondary sternal closure. There were two other deaths in the remaining 12 children who underwent sternal approximation, one due to acute pneumothorax and the other due to low cardiac output. The incision was closed after hemodynamic stabilization was achieved, and happened usually around the 3rd postoperative day. There were no cases of mediastinal infection. CONCLUSION--The technique of delayed sternal closure is an important approach in pediatric cardiac surgery and can be life saving. In our experience a bovine pericardial patch proved to be effective in decompressing the heart and also in protecting the mediastinal cavity

Fibrilaçäo ventricular em portador de displasia ventricular e prolapso valvar mitral / Ventricular fibrillation in a patient with ventricular dysplasia and mitral valve prolapse

Relatamos o caso de homem de 30 anos, portador de displasia ventricular extensa, fibrilaçäo ventricular e prolapso valvar mitral. Com base no quadro clínico e estudo eletrofisiológico optou-se por tratamento antiarrítmico e implante de desfibrilador. O paciente está em uso de flecaínida sem recorrência da arritmia, com 7 meses de seguimento

A 30 year-old male patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia was submitted to implantation an automatic cardioverter-defibrillator. So far he is well in a follow-up of 7 months.