RESUMEN
Si bien se están realizando cada vez más trabajos a nivel mundial en relación a las emociones, muchos de los mismos se están trabajando con neuroimágenes. Dado la dificultad para poder llevar a cabo este tipo de estudios en Argentina, es que se pensó en construir un Inventario que permita hacer inferencias acerca del funcionamiento tanto conductual como neurocognitivo del adulto y establecer relaciones entre las emociones y otras funciones cognitivas que hacen a la conducta adaptativa de la persona frente a distintas situaciones. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar los resultados psicométricos preliminares de la administración piloto del instrumento. Se solicitó la respuesta de 30 empleados (15 hombres y 15 mujeres) de una empresa de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires...
Although works at world-wide level in relation to the emotions are increasingly being made, many of them are taking place using neuroimaging. Given the difficulty to carry out these type of studies in Argentina, it was thought to build an Inventory which will hopefully allow us to make inferences about the behavioral and neurocognitive functioning of adults, as well as to establish relations between emotions and other cognitive functions that are involved in the adaptative response of a person under different circumstances. The aim of this work is to present the preliminary results of the administration of the mentioned Inventory. Thirty employees (15 men and 15 women) of a company located in Buenos Aires city were assessed...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Adaptación Psicológica , Emociones , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Síntomas Afectivos , Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , ArgentinaRESUMEN
La calidad de las relaciones interpersonales, incluyendo la interpretación de intenciones y emociones de los otros, cumple un rol fundamental en el desarrollo del niño. Por ello, resulta importante comprender cómo se desarrolla el proceso de adquisición de las competencias emocionales que se refieren a las habilidades que permiten cumplir eficazmente objetivos adaptativos en situaciones de excitación emocional y se reflejan en la capacidad para manejar las emociones propias, resultando en una autoestima mejorada y una resiliencia adaptativa al enfrentarse a circunstancias estresantes. Dada la importancia de las relaciones familiares para el desarrollo de las emociones, la capacidad para reconocerlas y expresarlas, el objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar los estudios psicométricos realizados de un nuevo instrumento, el Cuestionario para evaluar la Percepción que los niños de 5 años tienen de la Comunicación Emocional de sus Padres (CPCEP), en sus versiones madre y padre. Para su estudio se comparó un grupo de niños en riesgo por pobreza con un grupo de niños sin riesgo ambiental, haciendo una lectura neuropsicológica de los resultados. Se trabajó con 220 niños de 5 años y de ambos sexos: 110 en situación de extrema pobreza que eran alumnos de una escuela ubicada en una villa de emergencia (San Isidro - Provincia de Buenos Aires) y un grupo control integrado por 110 niños de clase media urbana, que concurrían a colegios de la Ciudad Autónom a de Buenos Aires (República Argentina), apareados por edad con los anteriores. Se espera que los resultados obtenidos aporten datos empíricos que ayuden a predecir y prevenir trastornos emocionales y conductuales, así como problemas de aprendizaje.
The quality of interpersonal relationships, including the interpretation of others' intentions and emotions, plays a fundamental roll in the child's development. Therefore, it is important to understand how the process of acquisition of the emotional competences takes place. This is, the capacity of accomplishing a desired outcome in emotion-eliciting encounters, that are shown in the ability to handle ones owns emotions, which results in improved self-esteem and in adaptative resilience when dealing with stressful circumstances. Given the importance of family relationships in the development of emotions, this is, in the ability to recognize, control and express them, the aim of this work is to present the psychometric studies of the questionnaire (CPCEP) built to assess the perception that 5 years old children have about the emotional communication of their parents, analyzing separately the results for mothers and fathers. A group of children at risk for poverty was compared with a group of children without risk for poverty, making a neuropsychological analysis of the results. The data was collected from a sample of 220 5-years old children: 110 living in poor conditions from the one scholl (La Cava, Buenos Aires), and 110 middle class children, attending to schools from Buenos Aires City, which acted as control group. The questionnaire takes into account the emotions of joy, interest, concern, patience and anger that the child perceives in his / her parents. The child is also asked to answer how is it that he / she realizes that his / her mother and father feels that particular emotion. In the analysis of the results, it was considered through which of the communicational channels the children perceived the emotions; this is, verbal, facial, behavioral or vocal. It was taken into account if the child could not explain how he perceived the emotional state of his / her parent. Analysis of the data from the two forms of the questionnaire included response statistics, checks of internal consistency using Cronbach´s coefficient alpha and an exploratory factor analysis to identify the components within each scale. The study of internal consistency using Cronbach's coefficient alpha shows acceptable levels for both samples. In the study of the validity of the scale, the factorial structure was clear in both versions, allowing to establish theoretical and psychological dimensions, giving the questionnaire construct validity. The results of the factor analysis performed to determine the factor structure of the scale for both forms of the instrument show the existence of two factors, with different configuration for children with and without risk for poverty. This is why they were analyzed separately. The factors found indicate that the questionnaire assesses the perception of a mother and a father with expressive and comprehensive characteristics for children without risk for poverty. For children at risk it assesses the perception of a mother with positive or negative characteristics. For children without risk, the expressive style consists on the items that correspond to the perception of an expressive mother or father. The comprehensive style includes the items that cor- respond to a sympathetic mother or father. For children at risk, the positive style includes the items corresponding to the perception of the positive emotions of the mother or father and the negative style consists on the items related to the perception of the negative emotions of the mother or father. When analyzing the channels through which the children perceive the emotional aspects of their parent's communication, the children without risk for poverty could differentiate them, while the children at risk could not explain how they perceive the emotions of their parents in a higher proportion. This can be related to the attentional processes that intervene in emotional-eliciting encounters that are altered for different reasons in children at risk. In conclusion, the work presented shows thatthe questionnaire generates data with acceptable levels of internal consistency reliability and evidence for its construct validity, allowing to make neuropshychological inferences, which make it useful for the assessment of the way that 5-year old children perceive the emotional communication of their parents.
RESUMEN
Las habilidades implicadas en la competencia narrativa permiten predecir el futuro desempeño lingüístico-cognitivo del niño, por lo cual resulta fundamental contar con recursos evaluativos específicos en la clínica fonoaudiológica. Proponemos un instrumento de evaluación de tales destrezas infantiles que abarca tanto las habilidades correspondientes al desarrollo de la estructutura narrativa canónica como las que corresponden a la expresión del contenido, cuyas características se analizan mediante la actividad de narración de un cuento con imágenes, creado ad hoc. Los datos se registran en un formulario diseñado para el análisis sitemático cuanti-cualitativo. Se presentan los materiales empleados y el análisis psicométrico preliminar, realizado en un estudio piloto con 22 niños preescolares sin problemas de lenguaje, de clase media, de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Los resultados reflejan la fortaleza del instrumento para establecer, con precisión, cuáles son las destrezas en la edad preescolar y el modo de evaluarlas.
The skills involved in narrative competence allow as to predict the child's further cognitive-linguistic performance. Thus, from a speech and language perspective, it is extremely important to have clinical tools to evaluate such aspect. The present manuscript addresses the design of a clinical instrument to assess the abilities involved in narrative competence. Such abilities comprise those related to the development of canonical narrative structure as well as those related to the expression of content. These abilities are analysed throught an activity of re-telling a story induced from an ad-hoc oral text accompanied with pictures. A form specifically created for systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis was used to collect the data. The materials used in and a preliminary psychometric analysis of a pilot study conducted in 22 normal-language development pre-school children coming from middle-class families in the city of Buenos Aires are discussed. The results show that the instrument is capable of determining which narrative skills are involved in pre-school children and the manner they should be assessed.