Research progress of Wallis dynamic stabilization system for lumbar degenerative diseases / 中国骨伤

Wallis dynamic stabilization system is a surgical approach in the non-fusion technique of lumbar spine, consisting of interspinous blockers and dacron artificial ligaments that provide stability to the spine while maintaining a degree of motion in the affected segment. Recent studies have demonstrated the significant benefits of Wallis dynamic stabilization system in treating lumbar degenerative diseases. It not only improves clinical symptoms, but also effectively delays complications such as adjacent segmental degeneration. This paper aims to review the literature related to the Wallis dynamic stabilization system and degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine to describe the long-term prognostic effect of this system in the treatment of such diseases. This review provides a theoretical basis and reference for selecting surgical methods to treat degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine.

Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus disease 2019 (version 2023) / 中华创伤杂志

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.

A new macrocyclic flavonoid from Onychium japonicum / 药学学报

Seven compounds were isolated from Onychium japonicum by macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by NMR, MS and other spectroscopic methods as onychone A (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (3), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), (-)-prunin (6), and norathyriol (7). Compound 1 is a novel macrocyclic flavonoid, and all the others are reported from this plant for the first time. In vitro cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-7 were evaluated by MTS testing with five cancer cell lines. Compound 7 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines A549, SMMC-7721, and SW480.

Application of Familial Y-STR Haplotype Mismatch Tolerance in Genealogy Inference / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To provide a guideline for genealogy inference and family lineage investigation through a study of the mismatch tolerance distribution of Y-STR loci in Chinese Han male lineage.@*METHODS@#Three Han lineages with clear genetic relationships were selected. YFiler Platinum PCR amplification Kit was used to obtain the typing data of 35 Y-STR loci in male samples. The variation of Y-STR haplotypes in generation inheritance and the mismatch tolerance at 1-7 kinship levels were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Mutations in Y-STR were family-specific with different mutation loci and numbers of mutation in different lineages. Among all the mutations, 66.03% were observed on rapidly and fast mutating loci. At 1-7 kinship levels, the number of mismatch tolerance ranged from 0 to 5 on all 35 Y-STR loci, with a maximum step size of 6. On medium and slow mutant loci, the number of mismatch tolerance ranged from 0 to 2, with a maximum step size of 3; on rapidly and fast mutant loci, the number of mismatch tolerance ranged from 0 to 3, with a maximum step size of 6.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Combined use of SNP genealogy inference and Y-STR lineage investigation, both 0 and multiple mismatch tolerance need to be considered. Family lineage with 0-3 mismatch tolerance on all 35 Y-STR loci and 0-1 mismatch tolerance on medium and slow loci can be prioritized for screening. When the number of mismatch tolerance is eligible, family lineages with long steps should be carefully excluded. Meanwhile, adding fast mutant loci should also be handled with caution.

Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the diagnosis and treatment of refractory pneumonia in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the clinical application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the etiological diagnosis and treatment of refractory pneumonia (RTP) in children.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 160 children with RTP who were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, from January 2020 to March 2023. According to whether mNGS was performed, they were divided into two groups: mNGS (n=80) and traditional testing (n=80). All children received the tests of inflammatory markers and pathogen tests after admission. Traditional pathogenicity tests included microbial culture (sputum specimen collected by suction tube), nucleic acid detection of respiratory pathogens, and serological test (mycoplasma, tuberculosis, and fungi). For the mNGS group, BALF specimens were collected after bronchoscopy and were sent to the laboratory for mNGS and microbial culture. The two groups were analyzed and compared in terms of the detection of pathogens and treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the traditional testing group, the mNGS group had a significantly higher detection rate of pathogens (92% vs 58%, P<0.05), with more types of pathogens and a higher diagnostic rate of mixed infections. Compared with the traditional testing group, the mNGS group had a significantly higher treatment response rate and a significantly lower incidence rate of complications during hospitalization (P<0.05). Treatment was adjusted for 68 children in the mNGS group according to the results of mNGS, with a treatment response rate of 96% (65/68) after adjustment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with traditional pathogen tests, BALF mNGS can significantly improve the detection rate of pathogens and find some rare pathogens. In clinical practice, when encountering bottlenecks during the diagnosis and treatment of children with RTP, it is advisable to promptly perform the mNGS to identify the pathogens.

Identification of Human Body Fluid Stains and Non-Biological Stains by Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a rapid and nondestructive identification method for human body fluid stains and non-biological stains using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.@*METHODS@#The collected three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum data of human saliva, 3% blood, coffee and Fanta® stains were processed with dimensionality reduction. After wavelet transform, spectral denoising and feature extraction, the classification formula was established. The Fisher discriminant was used for spectrum matching and recognition to establish the analysis method to distinguish stain types.@*RESULTS@#According to the results of data training and comparison, all the recognition accuracies of Fanta®, coffee, saliva and blood were more than 91.39%. Among them, saliva reached 100% recognition accuracy.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is a potential method for rapid and nondestructive identification of biological and non-biological stains.

Effect of video games training on the gross motor skills of children with cerebral palsy: systematic review and meta-analysis / Efecto del entrenamiento con videojuegos en la motricidad gruesa de niños con parálisis cerebral: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

Abstract The purpose of this work was to systematically evaluate the intervention effects of video games training (VGT) on the gross motor skills (GMS) development of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Seven Chinese and English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, EBSCO) were searched. Data were retrieved from randomized controlled trials on the GMS among individuals with CP. The retrieval was from the inception of each database to March 16, 2021. The included studies were evaluated quantitatively using the PEDro Scale. Then, relevant data were inputted and analyzed in Review Manager 5.4. Thirteen papers were included: seven written in English and six in Chinese. In the three subordinate concept of GMS, VGT could significantly improve locomotor skills (LS) (standardized mean difference = 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.55-105, P<0.00001), and non-locomotor skills (NLS) (standardized mean difference = 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.38-1.28, P=0.0003) in CP. However, there was no significant difference in object control skills (OCS), when compared with the control group (standardized mean difference = 0.55, 95% confidence interval -0.01-0.72, P=0.05). VGT can improve LS and NLS in CP, but the effect on OCS is uncertain; therefore, it is recommended that additional high-quality literature be included in the future. In general, VGT has been proven an effective intervention tool on the GMS development in CP.

Resumen Este artículo intentó evaluar sistemáticamente el efecto de la intervención del entrenamiento con videojuegos (VGT) en el desarrollo de las habilidades motoras gruesas (GMS) de niños con parálisis cerebral (CP), basándose en un cuerpo de datos logrado de las conclusiones de pruebas controladas aleatorias sobre las habilidades motoras gruesas de niños con CP, obtenidos de la búsqueda sistemática en siete bases de datos chinos y extranjeros, tales como PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang y EBSCO. El lapso de búsqueda fue desde la fecha de establecimiento de cada base de datos hasta el 16 de marzo del 2021. Se aplicó la escala PEDro para realizar un estudio cuantitativo y después, se analizaron los datos relevantes con Review Manager 5.4. Se incluyeron 13 publicaciones, 7 artículos escritos en inglés y 6 en chino. En el marco del concepto de los tres subordinados de GMS, la VGT podría mejorar significativamente la habilidad locomotora (LS) (diferencia de medias estandarizada = 0.80, intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0.55-105, P<0.00001), y las habilidades no locomotoras (NLS) (diferencia de medias estandarizada = 0.83, intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0.38-1.28, P= 0,0003) en PC; pero no hubo una diferencia significativa en las habilidades de control de objetos (OCS), cuando se compararon con el grupo control (diferencia de medias estandarizada= 0,55, intervalo de confianza del 95% -0,01-0,72, P= 0,05). En conclusión, el VGT puede mejorar las LS y NLS en CP, pero el efecto sobre OCS es incierto; por lo que se recomienda la inclusión de literatura adicional de alta calidad en el futuro. De este modo se pudo demostrar que el VGT es una herramienta de intervención eficaz en el desarrollo de las GMS en niños con CP.

0ne case report of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

This paper reported a case of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. The patient had a clear history of contact with sick poultry. The clinical manifestations were dry cough, fever and respiratory failure. Chest CT showed consolidation in the lower lobe of the right lung, and a small amount of exudative ground-glass opacity in the left lung. Chlamydia psittaci was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by metagenomic assay. After treatment with antibiotics such as nitroimidazoles and carbapenems, the patient was discharged with a better health condition.

Research progress of long noncoding RNAs regulating human chondrocyte inflammatory signaling pathways in osteoarthritis / 中国药理学通报

Osteoarthritis is the commonest joint disease, but its etiology is still not clear.Recently the role of inflammation in its pathogenesis has been attached increasingly importance.Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) play a key role in regulating the occurrence and development of inflammation-related diseases.This artiele reviews the research progress of LncRNAs in regula ting the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis through various endochondral inflammation signaling pathways in recent years , exploring the application of LncRNAs as a potential therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.

Analysis of clinical features and treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical features and treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From January 2012 to July 2021, 25 patients with PG who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Beijing Fucheng Hospital, including 16 males and 9 females, with the age of onset of disease being 14 to 75 years. Among them, the classification of PG identified 17 cases of ulcerative type, 6 cases of pustular type, 1 case of proliferative type, and 1 case of bullous type. Six patients were accompanied with systemic diseases, while 19 patients were not accompanied with systemic diseases. At the same time of systemic treatment with glucocorticoids, dressing changes or surgical skin grafting was performed on the wounds. The results of laboratory and histopathological examinations, the overall curative effects and follow-up of patients, the wound healing time of patients with negative and positive microbial culture results of wound secretion specimens, and the curative effects of patients with and without systemic diseases were analyzed. Results: The results of blood routine examination of 19 patients were abnormal, and all the immunological indexes were normal in all the patients; the microbial culture results of wound secretion specimens were positive in 14 patients; and the histopathological examination results of ulcer boundary tissue in 15 patients with rapid wound progress were mainly local tissue inflammatory changes. The wounds were cured in 17 patients, mostly healed in 7 patients, and not healed in 1 patient. After one-year's follow-up, the PG in 3 patients relapsed due to self-discontinuation of medication after discharge, and the wounds were healed gradually after adjustment of medication, while the remaining patients had no relapse. The days of wound healing in 14 patients with positive microbial culture results of wound secretion specimens were 21-55 days, and the days of wound healing in 11 patients with negative microbial culture results in wound secretion specimens were 20-54 days. In the 6 patients with systemic diseases, the wounds of 3 patients were cured, and the wounds of the other 3 patients were mostly healed. In the 19 patients without systemic diseases, the wounds of 14 patients were cured, the wounds of 4 patients were mostly healed, and the wound of 1 patient was not healed. Conclusions: The laboratory examination and pathological manifestations of patients with PG lacks characteristics, and their clinical manifestations are rich and diverse, thus PG can be easily misdiagnosed. The glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressive therapy have good effects on PG. Surgical intervention can be performed on the wounds. Specifically, excessive debridement is not recommended in the acute phase, but skin grafting can be performed in the contraction phase.

Research progress on chemical constituents from Chloranthus plants and their biological activities / 中国中药杂志

The genus Chloranthus has 13 species and 5 varieties in China, which can be found in the southwest and northeast regions. Phytochemical studies on Chloranthus plants have reported a large amount of terpenoids, such as diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoid dimers. Their anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antifungal, antivirus, and neuroprotection activities have been confirmed by previous pharmacological research. Herein, research on the chemical constituents from Chloranthus plants and their biological activities over the five years was summarized to provide scientific basis for the further development and utilization of Chloranthus plants.

Application of PCMC teaching method combined with PDCA circulation in clinical training of craniocerebral ultrasound / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of problem-originated clinical medical curriculum(PCMC) teaching method combined with PDCA(plan, do, check and action) circulation in the training of craniocerebral ultrasound for neurologically intensive refresher physicians.Methods:Thirty-two refresher physicians who entered the neurosurgery ICU of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were divided into test group ( n=18) and control group ( n=14) according to the time of admission. The test group accepted the teaching mode of PCMC teaching method combined with PDCA circulation, the control group accepted the traditional teaching methods of demonstration, student practice and teacher evaluation. One week before graduation, the differences between two groups in the theoretical assessment, operational skills and questionnaire were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching mode. SPSS 23.0 was used for t-test and chi-square test. Results:Compared with the control group, the individual scores and total scores of the theoretical and operational assessments of craniocerebral ultrasound in the test group were significantly improved, and the questionnaire survey showed that the test group was superior to the control group in all the 7 items of teaching effect and satisfaction with the teaching method, with statistical significance ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in increasing their interest in learning ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:PCMC teaching method combined with PDCA circulation can improve the training effect and satisfaction of clinical teaching of craniocerebral ultrasound.

Effect of thrombotic burden on the clinical outcome of endovascular recanalization in large vessel occlusion stroke / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of thrombus burden on the clinical outcome of endovascular recanalization in large vessel occlusive stroke.Methods:Patients with acute anterior circulation occlusion who underwent endovascular treatment within 24 hours after onset in Zhengzhou University People′s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected. According to the clot burden score (CBS) of DSA, total objectives were divided into CBS≥6 group (24 cases) and CBS<6 group (38 cases). Clinical data of the two groups were collected and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the clinical outcome at 90 days after surgery. Independent sample t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and χ 2 test were used to compare the clinical data between the two groups. Independent risk factors affecting the clinical outcome were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in basic demographic data, stroke risk factors and other factors between the CBS≥6 group and CBS<6 group ( P>0.05).The proportion of using tirofiban after surgery in the CBS≥6 group (63.2%, 24/38) was lower than that in the CBS<6 group (87.5%, 21/24) (χ2=4.380, P=0.044). The discharge NIHSS score of the CBS≥6 group was [5.0 (3.3, 7.8) points] lower than CBS<6 group [8.5 (1.8, 14.5) points] ( Z=5.221, P=0.022). The proportion of postoperative mRS 0-2 was (91.7%, 22/24) in the CBS≥6 group higher than CBS<6 group(39.5%, 15/38) (χ2=20.486, P=0.001), there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). The results of binary logistics regression analysis showed the CBS groups (OR=0.042, 95%CI 0.007-0.244 , P=0.001) was an independent risk factor affecting good outcome. Subgroup analysis of whether tirofiban was used or not showed there was no statistically significant difference in clinical prognosis between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The clinical outcome of CBS≥6 group is significantly better than that of CBS<6 group, and patients with small thrombus burden are more likely to get a good clinical outcome of 90 days.

Study on quality status of mineral medicine Calamina / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, some quality problems of mineral medicine Calamina and calcined Calamina have been discussed after determination and analysis of the quality parameters of a large number of market samples, and the countermeasures are put forward. According to the XRD results, as well as the results of tests included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition), the authenticity of Calamina and calcined Calamina samples were identified. The content of zinc oxide in samples were determined by the method of determination in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Individually, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS) methods were used for the determination of impurity elements and harmful elements in Calamina and calcined Calamina samples. Four kinds of impurity elements of magnesium(Mg), iron(Fe), aluminum(Al), calcium(Ca) and five harmful elements such as lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd), arsenic(As), copper(Cu), mercury(Hg) were measured. The study showed that: ① Fake Calamina products on the market were overflowing; ② The mineral origin of the mainstream Calamina in the market is inconsistent with that stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition); ③ The contents of harmful elements Pb and Cd in Calamina and calcined Calamina are generally higher, while the contents of harmful elements As and Cu in some inferior Calaminae are higher; ④ Parts of calcined Calamina were improperly or inadequately processed. In view of these quality problems, the countermeasures are put forward as follows: ① It is suggested that hydrozincite should be approved as the mineral source of Calamina, and be included by Chinese Pharmacopoeia; ② Strengthen the research on the specificity of Calamina identification methods to improve the quality control level; ③ Strengthen the research on the processing of Calamina, and formulate the limit standards for the content of Pb and Cd in Calamina; ④ Carry out research on the artificial synthesis of Calamina and calcined Calamina, in order to cope with the current shortage of Calamina resources and ensure the sustainable development of Calamina medicinal materials.

Survival analysis of laboratory - bred smooth - shelled Oncomelania snails in Yunnan Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the survival period of Yunnan Province-derived smooth-shelled Oncomelania snails bred in laboratory. Methods Oncomelania snails were sampled from Heqing and Yongsheng counties where schistosomiasis is endemic, and uninfected adult snails were collected and bred in laboratory. The survival period of snails sampled from these two counties was compared. Results The 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year survival rates of laboratory-bred smooth-shelled snails sampled from Yunnan Province were 72.36%, 29.11%, 13.08% and 0.21%, respectively, and were 74.66%, 38.91%, 19.46% and 0.45% for snails derived from Heqing County, and 70.36%, 20.55%, 7.51% and 0 for snails sampled from Yongsheng County, respectively. The mean and median survival period of Yunnan Province-derived adult snails was 20.90 and 20.67 months, and there were significant differences between the snails sampled from Heqing and Yongsheng counties in terms of the mean (22.94 vs. 19.13 months, P < 0.05) and median survival period (21.63 vs. 19.81 months, P < 0.05). Conclusion The mean survival period of Yunnan Province-derived smooth-shelled adult snails is approximately 20 months in laboratory, and the survival varies in geographical areas.

Effect of anteromedial thigh perforator flap on repair of defects caused by oral cancer surgery / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To introduce the advantages and clinical experience of relaying antero thigh flap in the resurfacing of the donor defect after anteromedial thigh (AMT) flap transfer for oral cancer defect reconstruction.Methods:The number, courses and location of antero thigh perforators were recorded in 6 adult specimens, (3 male and 3 female). Specimen was produced via femoral artery perfusion after joining lead oxide red setting, up to the inguinal ligament, down to the superior margin of patella, lateral to the lateral femoral intermuscular septum, medial near the lateral margin of adductor longus muscle. From February 2016 to December 2018 in Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital, 13 cases (11 male and 2 female) with oral carcinoma (8 tongue carcinoma and 5 buccal cancer), leaving tongue or mouth defects which were reconstructed by free AMT perforator flaps.Results:All free AMT flaps were harvested smoothly, the flap size ranged from 7.5 cm×4.5 cm to 13.0 cm×7.5 cm, the donor sites were reconstructed with relaying ALT flaps in 10 cases, with relaying AMT flaps in 3 cases, the relaying ALT flap size ranged from 8.5 cm×5.0 cm to 18.0 cm×7.0 cm, the relaying AMT flap size ranged from 7.5 cm×4.0 cm to 15.0 cm×7.0 cm. All flaps survived uneventfully, no vascular crisis or wound dehiscence, infection occurred. All patients were followed up for 12~28 months, all flaps healed smoothly, only linear scar was left in the donor sites, the color, appearance and contour of flaps were natural, and the function of thighs were not affected.Conclusions:When it is difficult to elevate the free anterolateral thigh flap, the free anteromedial thigh flap can be used to repair the oral cancer defect. When the direct closure of the flap donor area is of big tension, the relaying antero flap can be used to reconstruct the donor site, minimize the operation time and improve the outcome.

Associations between normal serum levels of uric acid and knee symptoms, joint structures in patients with knee osteoarthritis / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the associations between normal serum uric acid (UA) levels and knee symptoms and structural changes in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods A total of 205 patients with knee OA were enrolled. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 122 patients with OA were included in the study. The general condition of patients were investingated. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score was used to assess severity of the knee joint symptoms. The Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading system was used to assess radiological severity of the knee joint. Osirix software was used to assess changes of knee structure in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Peroxidase method was used to measure the serum levels of uric acid. Patients with normal range of uric acid were included in the study.Results The patients with lower levels of UA (split at the median level, 263 μmol/L) had a higher proportion of women, lower height, weight and lower proportions of K-L grade≥2. After adjustment for sex, age and body mass index, serum UA was negatively associated with total WOMAC scores (β=-16.15, P=0.018), WOMAC pain (β=-3.15, P=0.037), and WOMAC stiffness (β=-1.65, P=0.025). However, there were no significant associations between serum UA levels and knee joint structure changes.Conclusions In OA patients with normal serum UA, serum UA is negatively associated with the severity of joint symptoms, suggesting that UA within normal range may play a protective role in OA symptoms.

Application of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap in bilateral breast reconstruction / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical application of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap in bilateral breast reconstruction of patients with breast cancer.@*Methods@#Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap was applied for breast reconstruction in four cases of breast cancer patients received radical or modified radical surgery in Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital. All patients are female, age ranged from 31 to 53 years old (36.2±5.9).@*Results@#The length of flap was (15.1±0.4) cm, the width of flap was (12.6±0.3) cm, the thickness of flap was (4.3±0.5) cm. The length of pedicle was (12.6±0.3) cm, the outer diameter of artery was (1.8±0.2) mm, the outer diameter of vein was (2.1±0.4) mm.The average weight of flaps was 235 g(ranged from 195 g to 335 g). In one case flap fat necrosis occurred and in other one donor site fat necrosis was noted. The two flaps both healed with dressing treatment and no other complications were found. The reconstructed breasts′shape, texture and elasticity were good and no flap contracture deformation happened. Only linear scar left in the donor sites, the function of abdomen did not affected. All 4 patients were followed up for 14 to 33 months (21.7 months on average) with satisfied result. No local recurrence happened.@*Conclusions@#Free deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap is suitable to reconstruct bilateral breast for breast cancer patients.

Reconstruction of complicated through-and-through cheek defects with multiple-paddled anterolateral thigh flap / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical outcomes of multiple-paddled anterolateral thigh flap in composite cheek through-and-through defect reconstruction.@*Methods@#From September, 2014 to Feburuary, 2016, 20 patients were performed complicated through-and-through defect reconstruction following oral cancer removal with free multiple-paddled anterolateral thigh flap including 12 cases of buccal mucosa carcinoma, 5 cases of basal cell carcinoma of buccal skin and 3 cases of gingiva carcinoma.The intraoral defects ranged from 6.0 cm×4.0 cm to 8.0 cm×5.0 cm. The cheek skin defects ranged from 6.0 cm×4.0 cm to 12.0 cm×10.0 cm and the flaps ranged from 6.0 cm×4.0 cm to 12.0 cm×10.0 cm in size.Multiple-paddled anterolateral thigh flap was divided into 3 types based on the anatomical variation, including: (1) lateral descending branch type; (2) descending branch + oblique branch type; (3) lateral and medial descending branch type; different methods were applied according to the different types.@*Results@#All the 20 flaps survived totally, including 13 cases of type 1, 5 cases of type 2, and 2 cases of type 3. In all of the 20 cases, the flaps survived well and the donor sites were closed directly.All wounds healed primarily. The follow-up period was 9 to 28 months (13.6 months on average). All patients were satisfied with their facial appearance. Mouth opening ranged from 3 to 5 cm. All patients had normal deglutition and normal oral competence and intelligible speech, although linear scar was left in the donor site. 6 patients received post-operative radiotherapy. 2 patients died of recurrence and all other patients were alive without disease.@*Conclusions@#The multiple-paddled anterolateral thigh flap is suitable for the through-and-through cheek defect reconstruction following oral cancer removal. Satisfying outcome can be achieved. This method is worthy of being popularized. Since the anatomical variation forms exist, flexible strategies for flap harvest and reconstruction are needed.

Rectal Temperature of Corpse and Estimation of Postmortem Interval / 法医学杂志

Measurement of corpse temperature is mainly used for estimation of early postmortem interval, and rectal temperature is often used as a representative of body's core temperature in actual work because it is simple, quick and non-invasive. At present, the rectal temperature postmortem interval estimation method internationally accepted and widely used is HENSSGE's nomogram method, while many domestic scholars also deduced their own regression equations through a large number of case data. Estimation of postmortem interval based on rectal temperature still needs further study. The nomogram method needs to be optimized and extended, and quantification of its influencing factors needs to be dealt with more scientifically. There is still a lack of consensus on the probability and duration of the temperature plateau. There is no clear understanding of the probability and extent of the change in initial temperature caused by various causes. New methods and ideas enrich methodological research, but it still lacks systemicity and practicality. This article reviews the researches on estimation of postmortem interval based on rectal temperature in order to summarize the current situation of previous researches and seek new breakthrough points. Because the decline of body temperature can be easily influenced by many factors in vitro and vivo, and the influencing factors in different regions vary greatly, regionalization research and application may be a practical exploration to improve the accuracy of postmortem interval determination.