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To explore serum levels of miR‐21 and miR‐155 in patients with T2DM complicated CHD and their relationship with lipid metabolism .Methods : A total of 134 T2DM patients treated in our hospital from 2016 to 2017 , were divided into T2DM + CHD group (n＝60) and pure T2DM group (n＝74).Blood glucose and blood lipid levels and serum miR‐21 and miR‐155 levels were measured and were compared between two groups .Results :There were no significant difference in general data , blood pressure , body mass index (BMI) , glycosylated hemo‐globin A1c (HbA1c) , plasma glucose and total cholesterol (TC) between two groups , P＞0. 05 all.Compared with pure T2DM group , there were significant rise in levels of triglyceride (TG) [ (1. 89 ± 0.92) mmol／L vs.(2. 75 ± 1.61) mmol／L] , LDL‐C [ (2.83 ± 0.79) mmol／L vs.(3. 52 ± 1.24) mmol／L] and serum miR‐21 [ (0. 93 ± 0. 15) vs.(1. 86 ± 0.24 )] , and significant reductions in levels of HDL‐C [ (1.35 ± 0. 34 ) mmol／L vs.(0. 94 ± 0.31 ) mmol／L] and serum miR‐155 [ (0. 95 ± 0.19) vs.(0. 27 ± 0. 10)] in T2DM + CHD group , P＝0.001 all.Multiva‐riate Logistic regression analysis indicated that TG , LDL‐C and miR‐21 were independent risk factors for T2DM +CHD (OR＝2. 800～4. 986 , P＜0.05 all) , while HDL‐C and miR‐155 were its independent protective factors (OR＝0.314 , 0.327 , P＜ 0.05 both).Pearson correlation analysis indicated that serum miR‐21 level was significant positively correlated with TG and LDL‐C levels ( r＝0. 415 , 0.506 , P＜0.05 or ＜0. 01) , and serum miR‐155 level was significant inversely correlated with TG and LDL‐C levels ( r＝ －0. 397 ,－0. 526 , P＜0.05 or ＜0. 01 ).Con‐clusion : Serum miR‐21 level was significant positively correlated with TG and LDL‐C levels , but serum miR‐155 level was significant inversely correlated with TG and LDL‐C levels ,
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Objective To explore the effect of hypergravity on morphology and osteogenesis function of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods The cultured MC3T3-E1 cells under hypergravity by different loading forces were divided into five groups, including control group, 5 g group, 10 g group, 15 g group and 20 g group. The experimental groups were loaded for 30 min each time in the three successive days, and the control group was synchronously exposed to the same surrounding except for difference in g-value. The morphology of cytoskeletal protein was observed by phalloidin staining, The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content was examined by ALP activity assay kit, the gene expression of ALP, collagen Ⅰ(ColⅠ), osteocalcin (OC), runt-related transcription factors (Runx2) was measured by real-time quantitative PCR, and the protein expression of ColⅠ and OC was tested by Western blot. Results Under the condition of hypergravity, cell body of osteoblast became thinner, but its surface area increased significantly; with the structure of skeletal arrangement becoming loose, actin microfilament structure reduced so that arrangement of actin-like dispersion orderly lowered. The gene expressions of related indicators of osteogenic differentiation including ALP, ColⅠ, OC, Runx2 loaded by hypergravity were significantly up-regulated, which was the same as ColⅠ protein and OC protein after hypergravity loading. There was only a very minute quantity of small red-orange nodules in the control group, while the cells after hypergravity loading in experimental groups obviously formed various sizes of red-orange nodules. Conclusions Under hypergravity, changes in osteoblast morphology can be triggered by rearrangements of skeletal structure. Furthermore, osteoblast maturation and differentiation can be stimulated effectively by up-regulating differentiation-related gene and protein expressions.
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Objective To explore the effect of hypergravity on morphology and osteogenesis function of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 ceils.Methods The cultured MC3T3-E1 cells under hypergravity by different loading forces were divided into five groups,including control group,5 g group,10 g group,15 g group and 20 g group.The experimental groups were loaded for 30 min each time in 3 successive days,and the control group with no g-value was synchronously exposed to the same surrounding.The morphology of cytoskeletal protein was observed by phalIoidin staining,The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content was examined by ALP activity assay kit,the gene expression of ALP,collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ),osteocalcin (OC),runt-related transcription factors (Runx2) was measured by real-time quantitative PCR,and the protein expression of Col Ⅰ and OC was tested by Western blotting.Results Under the condition of hypergravity,cell body of osteoblast became thinner,but its surface area increased significantly;with the structure of skeletal arrangement becoming loose,actin microfilament structure reduced so that the orderly arrangement of actin-like dispersion lowered.The gene expressions of related indicators of osteogenic differentiation including ALP,Col][,OC,Runx2 were significantly up-regulated,which was the same as Col Ⅰ protein and OC protein after hypergravity loading.A very minute quantity of small red-orange nodules was found in the control group,while the cells in experimental groups after hypergravity loading obviously formed various sizes of red-orange nodules.Conclusions Under hypergravity,changes in osteoblast morphology can be triggered by rearrangements of skeletal structure.Furthermore,osteoblast maturation and differentiation can be stimulated effectively by up-regulating differentiation-related gene and protein expressions.
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Objective To explore the effect of hypergravity on morphology and osteogenesis function of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 ceils.Methods The cultured MC3T3-E1 cells under hypergravity by different loading forces were divided into five groups,including control group,5 g group,10 g group,15 g group and 20 g group.The experimental groups were loaded for 30 min each time in 3 successive days,and the control group with no g-value was synchronously exposed to the same surrounding.The morphology of cytoskeletal protein was observed by phalIoidin staining,The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content was examined by ALP activity assay kit,the gene expression of ALP,collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ),osteocalcin (OC),runt-related transcription factors (Runx2) was measured by real-time quantitative PCR,and the protein expression of Col Ⅰ and OC was tested by Western blotting.Results Under the condition of hypergravity,cell body of osteoblast became thinner,but its surface area increased significantly;with the structure of skeletal arrangement becoming loose,actin microfilament structure reduced so that the orderly arrangement of actin-like dispersion lowered.The gene expressions of related indicators of osteogenic differentiation including ALP,Col][,OC,Runx2 were significantly up-regulated,which was the same as Col Ⅰ protein and OC protein after hypergravity loading.A very minute quantity of small red-orange nodules was found in the control group,while the cells in experimental groups after hypergravity loading obviously formed various sizes of red-orange nodules.Conclusions Under hypergravity,changes in osteoblast morphology can be triggered by rearrangements of skeletal structure.Furthermore,osteoblast maturation and differentiation can be stimulated effectively by up-regulating differentiation-related gene and protein expressions.
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In the environment of adaptive mechanics, osteoblasts, which are the main functional cells of bone formation, are one of the main cells in response to the mechanical loading. With the development of technology, more and more astronauts, pilots and other are exposed to the hypergravity environment. In order to better understand the mechanobiology response of osteoblasts under hypergravity, this paper reviews the mechanobiological research progress in morphology, gene expression, cytokine secretion and signal transduction pathways of ostoblasts, so as to thoughts and preparations for mechanobiology research of bone tissues in hypergravity environment.