Association between health literacy and smoking status among residents in Wenzhou / 预防医学

Objective To assess the residents' health literacy levels and smoking status in national surveillance sites in Wenzhou and to provide scientific basis for tobacco control and thepublic health promotion. Methods Four hundred and eighty residents aged 15 to 69 years in Wenzhou Longwan District and Cangnan County were selected according to multi-stage stratified random sampling method and surveyed by the National Residents' Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire and the National Residents' Tobacco Survey Questionnaire from October 2015 to December 2015. The levels of health literacy were compared among respondents with different smoking behaviors. Results The smoking rate of these residents was 22.63, with the rate of ex-smoker 7.50％ and non-smoker 69.17％. The smoking rate of males (36.98％) was higher than that of females (6.95％) (P<0.05) .The overall health literacy level of residents in Longwan District and Cangnan County of Wenzhou was 5.01％. The average score of overall health literacy of smoker was 33.70 ±11.70, with ex-smoker of 28.06 ±11.60 and non-smoker of 33.59 ±11.83. The levels of health literacy of non-smokers and smokers were higher than that of ex-smokers (P<0.05) . Conclusion Residents in Wenzhou had a low level of health literacy. Improving the level of health literacy might positively affect the smoking behaviors.

An investigation on the situation on smoking tries and its influencing factors among college students in Wenzhou / 预防医学

Objective TolearnthesituationofsmokingtriesanditsinfluencingfactorsamongundergraduatesinWenzhou City.Methods Withdifferentprofessions,510undergraduatesfromgrade1to3intwouniversitieswereselectedby stratified random sampling and investigated using a self-developed questionnaire.The influencing factors for smoking initiationofstudentswereanalyzedusingchi-squaretestandlogisticregression.Results Atotalof510undergraduates were investigated and 505 finished the questionnaires.The prevalence of smoking tries was 33.47%,and the prevalence among male students was higher than female students (50.80%vs.1 6.47%,P<0.01 ).The prevalence of smoking tries among non medical students was higher than that of medical students (40.08% vs.27.1 3%,P<0.01 ).The current smoking rate was 9.31%,and the main reason for this behaviors was social need (53.1 9%).Regression analysis showed that female(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.24-0.62)was a protective factor of smoking tries while the peer smoking behavior was theriskfactorsmokingtries(OR=3.46,95%CI:2.44-4.90).Conclusion Theprevalenceofsmokingtries, willingness to smoke and secondhand smoke exposure were high among the universities students.Education of tobacco control should be strengthened,and the tobacco control of peer-education model can be promoted.

Effects of multi-walled carbon nano onions on platelet adhesion and experimental thrombogenesis in rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of multi-walled carbon nano-onions (MWCNOs) on platelet adhesion and experimental thrombosis in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Experimental rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, solvent group, and MWCNO group, each including 6 ∼ 9 rats. An inverted fluorescence microscope and a flow chamber were used to observe the effects of 20 g/ml MWCNOs on platelet adhesion at shear rates of 500 s(-1) and 1000 s(-1); the experiment was repeated at least three times in each group. A rat model of carotid artery thrombosis was induced by 25% FeCl3, and the effects of 2 mg/kg MWCNOs on the blood flow and wet weight of thrombus per millimeter in the model were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When the shear rate was 500 s(-1), the MWCNO group showed a significantly smaller number of adhering platelets than the solvent group (58.3 ± 16.1 platelets/0.01 mm(2) vs 190.1 ± 36.0 platelets/0.01 mm(2)), but the inhibitory effect of MWCNOs on platelet adhesion disappeared as the shear rate increased to 1000 s(-1). The wet weights of thrombus per millimeter at 0 h after injection of a solvent or MWCNOs via the caudal vein were 0.83 ± 0.12 mg/mm in the solvent group and 0.97 ± 0.11 mg/mm in the MWCNO group, and the wet weights of thrombus per millimeter at 12 h after injection were 0.89 ± 0.12 mg/mm in the solvent group and 1.01 ± 0.15 mg/mm in the MWCNO group, exhibiting no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences between the two groups in terms of blood flow at 0 h and 12 h after injection (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MWCNOs have inhibitory effect on platelet adhesion in vitro, but the injection of MWCNOs via the caudal vein has no effects on the blood flow and wet weight of thrombus per millimeter in experimental thrombosis in rats.</p>

Effects of multiwall carbon nano-onions on platelet aggregation and hemostatic function / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of multiwall carbon nano-onions (MWCNOs) on platelet aggregation and hemostatic function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The platelet aggregation was determined with Born's method at different concentration of MWCNOs (0, 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 microg/ml) in vitro. Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups which were exposed to 0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg MWCNOs, respectively. Then platelet count, platelet aggregation, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), bleeding time (BT) and platelet count (PC) were measured at 12 h after receiving tail intravenous injection of MWCNOs. The effects of MWCNOs (4 mg/kg) on platelet aggregation and platelet count at different time points were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vitro, MWCNOs exhibited the potent inhibitory effects on rat platelet aggregation caused by ADP in a concentration-dependent manner. The platelet aggregation in the highest dosage of 20.0 microg/ml group was 50.0% +/- 6.9% which was significantly lower than that (73.2% +/- 4.3%) in control group (P<0.01). In vivo, the highest inhibitory was up to 20.4%, but there was no significant difference, as compared with control group. MWCNOs did not affect the APTT, PT, TT, BT and PC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under this experimental condition, MWCNOs might inhibit platelet aggregation but not affect hemostatic function.</p>

Oxidative damage of single-walled carbon nanotubes in striaturn and hippocampi of mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the oxidative damage of SWCNTs in striaturn and hippocampi of mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male ICR mice were divided into experiment group (12.5 mg/kg SWCNTs) and control group (saline containing 0.1% Tween80) randomly. Each group was subdivided into 1, 7, 14 and 28 days group, 5 mice in each subgroup, then treated with tail intravenous injection for 5 continuous days. The striatum and hippocampus were isolated on the ice bath and homogenized in saline. SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA in the supernatants were measured with xanthine oxidize, GSH consumption in enzymatic reaction and TBA methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After exposure to 12.5 mg/kg SWCNTs for 5 d, SOD activity in striaturn and hippocampi decreased on 1st day and reached the minimum on 7th day, then increased gradually. The SOD activity in the SWCNTs treatment groups on 7th day were significantly decreased when compared to control (P < 0.05). Comparison with control group, GSH-Px activity in striaturn obviously decreased on 7th day then increased on 14th day, the difference between 7th day and 14th day was significantly (P < 0.05). GHS-Px activity in the hippocampi in SWCNTs group on 7th day and 14th day was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05), then increased to the level of control group on 28th day. MDA contents of striaturn and hippocampi in SWCNTs group reduced on 1st day, then gradually increased on 7th day and 14th day, then reduced, MDA contents on7th day and 14th day n SWCNTs group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of present study indicated that SWCNTs could decrease antioxidase activity and increase the Lipid peroxide in striaturn and hippocampi of mice.</p>