Comparison of hyoid bone position among cleft lip palate and normal subjects

To compare the hyoid bone position between cleft lip/palate and normal patients. Cross-sectional analytical study. Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences [DIEKIOHS], Dow University of Health Sciences [DUHS], Karachi, from March 2012 to February 2013. The sample for this study consisted of total 68 subjects among which Group 1 consisted of 34 nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate [both unilateral and bilateral] and Group 2 included 34 subjects with normal facial morphology. Both groups included males and females with mean age 14.3 +/- 0.1 year. Analysis was done on lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients including angulations taken as Hp-Mp, Hp-Ol, Hp-Sn, Cvt-Evt, Opt-Cvt, Nke, Sn-Vert, Cvt-Vert, Sn-Vert and linear distance of hyoid bone measured as C3-H, C3-RGN, and H-RGN. Statistically significant differences [p < 0.001] in C3-H, C3-Rgn, H-Rgn, and Sn-Cvt were found between cleft lip/palate group and normal group. Hyoid bone is located anteriorly and caudally in cleft lip and palate group

Pattern of malocclusion in orthodontic patients: a hospital based study

Dental malocclusion is present in all societies but its prevalence varies. Identifying occlusal problems, their incidence and the need for treatment can help to determine the appropriate treatment plan and manpower needed in orthodontics. The aim of the study was to analyze the malocclusion pattern and to provide quantitative information on the pattern of dentofacial characteristics among orthodontic population. Varying dentofacial characteristics of 156 patients from June 2002 to April 2004, at the orthodontic unit of the Aga Khan University Hospital were analyzed. Cross tabulations of dentofacial characteristics with Angle's classes were evaluated using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Chi-square test was used to find the association and Cramer's V for correlation between the skeletal and Angle's classes. Mean age of the sample was 14 years and two months [SD +/- 4.59] with majority 98 [62.8%] were females. The chief complaints in majority of the patients were 'upper front teeth forward' and 'malaligned teeth'. Angle's Class II [70.5%] and incisor Class II Division 1 [64.7%] were the typical features of the sample. There was an increased overjet in 75% of subjects as a major occlusal finding. No statistically significant differences were found in distribution of Angle's classes and dentofacial characteristics between males and females. Statistically significant association between skeletal and Angle's classes [p< 0.01] was found. The results give a detailed pattern of malocclusion in orthodontic patients and may provide a base line data for planning orthodontic services. There is a strong need of epidemiological survey to find out the prevalence of malocclusion in Pakistani population

comparison of cephalometric analyses for assessing sagittal jaw relationship

To compare the seven methods of cephalometric analysis for assessing sagittal jaw relationship and to determine the level of agreement between them. Cross-sectional, analytical study. Dental Section, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January to December 2004. Seven methods, describing anteroposterior jaw relationships [A-B plane, ANB, Wits, AXB, AF-BF, FABA and Beta angle] were measured on the lateral cephalographs of 85 patients. Correlation analysis, using Cramer's V-test, was performed to determine the possible agreement between the pair of analyses. The mean age of the sample, comprising 35 males and 50 females was 15 years and 3 months. Statistically significant relationships were found among seven sagittal parameters with p-value <0.001. Very strong correlation was found between AXB and AF-BF distance [r=0.924]; and weak correlation between ANB and Beta angle [r=0.377]. Wits appraisal showed the greatest coefficient of variability. Despite varying strengths of association, statistically significant correlations were found among seven methods for assessing sagittal jaw relationship. FABA and A-B plane may be used to predict the skeletal class in addition to the established ANB angle

Knowledge and attitude of older women towards menopause

Objective:To determine the knowledge and attitude towards menopause among postmenopausal women seeking gynecological treatment. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional survey based on sample of convenience. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Gynecology outpatient department of MCH Center, PIMS, Islamabad from 1st June to 31st September, 2002. Subjects and Seventy postmenopausal women over 45 years of age were interviewed. The mean age of respondents was 54.4 years. Fifty-two [74.3%] women knew about menopause, 39 [55.7%] were aware of symptomatology while only 7 [10%] knew sequelae of menopause. Fifty-three [75.7%] women were satisfied with cessation of menstruation and only 17 [24.3%] desired to continue menstruation. Twenty-four [34.3%] respondents were unhappy with their menopausal status. Thirty-two [45.7%] women were content with their present sexual relations, 18 [25.7%] were dissatisfied and 20 [28.6%] had no sexual activity. Fifty-two [74.3%] women felt a need for health education on menopause in educational institutions. Thirty-three [47.1%] considered treatment of menopause necessary. Four [5.7%] were aware of any treatment of menopause and 55 [78.6%] desired to learn more about menopause. Women have different views about menopause, few see it as a medical condition requiring treatment, whereas a majority consider it a natural transition. There was dearth of knowledge regarding significance of menopause