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Objective To study the utilization of preoperative ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for the evaluation of axillary lymph nodes metastasis in patients with early stage breast cancer.Methods All 58 early stage breast cancer patients (cT1-2N0M0) whose ultrasound examination showed suspicious signs in axillary lymph node underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration.The cytopathological results were compared with the histopathological results.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for the axillary lymph node metastasis were analyzed.Results The sensitivity of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was 84.1％,specificity 100.0％,positive predictive value 100.0％,negative predictive value 66.7％ and the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration was 87.9％.Conclusions Preoperative axillary ultrasound-guided fine needle is a useful step in the process of axillary staging.The results provids valuable preferences for the option of axillary procedure in breast cancer
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Objective To investigate tumor lymphatic and mircovascular densities as prognostic markers in 69 cases of invasive breast cancer treated with partial or total mastectomy and lymph node dissection.Methods 69 cases of untreated primary unilateral invasive ductal breast carcinomas were selected.All cases were immunostained with D2-40 and CD31.Positively stained microvessels were counted in densely vascular/lymphatic foci (hot spots).The relationship between lymphatic vessel density (LVD),microvessel density(MVD) and prognosis was analyzed.Results The mean ± SD peritumoral lymphatic vessel density (P-LVD) was significantly higher than intratumoral LVD(I-LVD) (P ＜ 0.01).There was a positive correlation of D2-40 LVD(peritumoral) counts with lymph node metastasis (P =0.003) and clinical stage (P =0.026),and CD31 microvessel density was found significantly associated with clinical stage(P =0.038).No significant association was found between above variants with I-LVD (P ＞ 0.05).Univariate analysis showed that survival time was impaired by higher MVD and higher peritumoral LVD(P =0.007,P =0.008,P =0.014,P =0.024,log-rank test),but not I-LVD.Multivariate survival analysis showed that MVD,peritumoral LVD,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for overall survival.Conclusions Peritumoral LVD and MVD were significantly correlated with survival status of patients with breast cancer.This is the first attempt to predict prognosis of breast cancer patients by quantifying the peritumoral LVD and MVD.
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Objective To explore the pathological changes by CT scan on localized thermochemotherapy dur- ing and after the operation of human gliomas.Methods Retrospective analysis was given to the CT scan of 37 pa- tients receiving thermochemotherapy during and after the operation,and the relation of the tumorous cells and mi- crovessels and CT density by EM were analyzed.Changes of tumorous cells and microvessels after localized ther- mochemotherapy on C_6 gliomas in rat were analyzed.Results When the tumor was low dense on CT pattern,less cellular number with increasing the amount of fluid between the cells was demonstrated pathologically.On EM,a lower cellular electron density was observed.The amount of fluid in cytoplasm was increased,the cytoplasm was porous,swelling denaturation was chiefly seen in organelle.If the tumor had mixed density on CT,cellular number was more,the amount of fluid was less.On EM,cellular electron density increased correspondingly,the fluid in cyto- plasm decreased,organdie was aggregated.After thermochemotherapy,the tumor reduced,liquefied,and vanished by CT scan.It could be observed that the tumorous cell become smaller,concentrated and cataclased,finally formed apoprotic bodies and separated from the cell in C_6 gliomas in EM.The tumorous vessels was less,smaller and thinker. Some vessels only could see the base membrane and no endothelioid cells.Conclusion The remaining tumors is van- ished by CT scan.The mechanisms of tumors disappearance proposes to explain that thermochemotherapy can dam- age C_6 glioma cells and microvessels,decrease microvessels density and induce tumor ceils apoptosis.That inhibits tu- morous angiogenesis and proliferation.