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Objective To study the morphological characteristics of eyes of female Uygur youth for providing the relevant data for eye aesthetic plastic surgery.Methods Compared with 150 cases of Han youth in the same school,the somatological survey was carried out in 150 female Uighur college students with the morphological characteristics of the eyes and good facial harmony.SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis of the measured data in groups divided according to different race.Results 59.3％ (89/150) of the Uighur young women had prominent brow ridges tall nose and superior orbit cave,18.7％ (28/150) of them were similar to the Han type of eye,and 22.0％ (33/150) in between.The rate of epicanthus in Uighur women was 28.0％ (42/150),which was significantly lower than the Han nationality women 62.7％ (94/150).Double eyelid incidence was 96.7％ (145/150),which was significantly higher than that of Chinese Han women 67.3％ (101/150).There was a no statistically significant difference between them in palpebral fissure length inner canthic diameter and outer canthic diameter (P＞0.05),but a statistically significant difference was found in the height of palpebral fissure,the width of double eyelid and the distance between the eyebrow eyelid (P＜0.05).Conclusions The Uighur women's eye morphology has dual characteristics of Caucasoid and Mongoloid.The data have great significance and value in guiding the eye's cosmetic plastic surgery.
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Objective To estimate the current quality of the reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to digestive diseases in China. Methods All the papers related to RCTs published in Chinese Journal of Digestion from 1999 to 2008 were hand-searched by professional staff then evaluated and analyzed them according to the international reference standard. ResultsIn the 3298 issues of the recent ten years, there were 92 research papers of RCTs which was accounting for 2.8%. The sample size ranged from 18 to 5241. Sixty-one (66.0%) trials included the exact standard of internalize and exclusion. Sixteen (17.4%) trails told the specific method of random allocation and 22(23.9%) were double-blinded. Fifty-eight (63.0%) trials compared the baseline condition of each groups. Seventy-three(79.3%) trails showed the specific approach of statistic. In the end, only 7(5.7%) trails were identified as the strictly-designed RCTs. Conclusions The quantity and quality of the clinical RCTs can not satisfy the demand of clinical practice. Strictly-scientific designed, multicentered, large sample prospective clinical RCT should be advocated.
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P 12 h and 24 h group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusions The percentage and reproductive activity of bone marrow MSCs have changed during the periods of ANP.
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Objective To investigate effects of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) gene silencing on proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell line PaTu8988. Methods The PaTu8988 cells were cultured and divided into control group (untreated), negative control group (treated with 30 nmol/L negative siRNA), low HDAC1 group (treated with 15 nmol/L HDAC1 siRNA) and high HDAC1 group (treated with 30 nmol/L HDAC1 siRNA). The real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the efficiency of HDAC1 gene silencing on mRNA and protein levels ,respectively, at 48 hours after transfection of HDAC1 siRNA. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting kit and flow cytometry, respectively. Results Forty-eight hours after transfection of HDAC1 siRNA, the expression of HDAC1 mRNA level in PaTu8988 cells was 46.1%±6.1% in low HDAC1 group and 32.3%±1.4% in high HDACI group, which were lower than that in control group (100.0%±3.4%) and negative control group (87.4%±28.3%,P<0.05). The expression of HDAC1 protein was higher in control and negative control groups than in low and high HDAC1 groups. Cell survival rate was 100.0%±17.1% in control group, 87.1%±5.0% in negative control group, 68.7%±4.7% in low HDAC1 group and 61.6%±2.0% in high HDAC1 group with significant difference (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the cell apoptic rate in control (4.20%±0.95%) and negative control (4.59%±1.26%) groups was lower than that in low (10.09%±1.36%) and high (11.19%±6.07%) HDACI groups (P<0.05). Conclusions HDACI siRNA can effectively and specifically inhibit the expression of HDAC1 and proliferation of PaTu8988 cells and induce cell apoptosis.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)in treatment of patients with early gastric cancer(EGC).Methods A total of 4 3 consecutive patients with EGC were treated with ESD at Changhai Hospital from July 2007 to July 2008.The data referred to one-piece resection,histologically complete resection,operation time,complications,the post-ESD ulcer-healing and local recurrance were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsEn bloc resection was achieved in 97.7 0A(4 2/43)lesions in one-piece resection.The histologically complete resection rate was 95.3%(41/43).Only one patient had acute minor bleeding during the ESD procedure(2.3%,1/43)and one patient had delayed bleeding(2.3%,1/43).Post-ESD epigastric pain was found in 2 2 patients(51.2%).There was no complications such as acute major bleeding,perforation,requiring surgical treatment and death.The median operation time was 60.4 miutes.The post-ESD ulcer-healing was achieved in 100%(42/42)8 weeks after esomeprazole treatment.During follow-uP of 10.3 months(ranged from 8 to 1 8 months),no residual or local recurrence of EGC was seen.Conclusion ESD has the advantages of increasing one-piece resection and histologically curative resection rates.It is a safe and effective procedure in treatment of EGC.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Minilase-S on patients with dyspepsia.Methods A randomized,placebo-controlled,double blind and multicenter study was conducted.Two hundred and forty patients with dyspepsia symptoms(anorexia,fullness,abdominal discomfort and distension)were collected according to total symptom scores over 20 with visual analog scales.Each patient was randomly received either Minilase-S(2 capsules t.i.d)or placebo(2 capsules t.i.d)for 2 weeks.The symptoms scores were evaluated at treatment week 1,week 2,and 1 week after discontinued therapy.Results Two hundred and sixteen patients(105 patients in Minilase group and 111 patients in placebo group)finished the study.There was no difference in demographic data,anorexia,fullness,discomfort and distension score and the total symptom score between two groups.However,at treatment week 1,week 2 and 1 week after discontinued therapy,symptoms and total symptom score were significantly decreased in Minilase-S group compared to placebo group(all P value＜0.05).The total effective rates in treatment week 1,week 2 and 1 week after discontinued therapy were 64.76%,77.05%and 66.99%,respectinely,which were higer that those in placebo group(27.93%,37.84% and 29.36%,respectively)(P＜0.05).There was no severe side effects in both Minilase-S and placebo groups.Conclusions Minilase-S can significantly improve symptoms in patients with dyspepsia,which may be as one choice in the management of dyspepsia or in combined therapy.
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Objective To analyze the differential expression of proteins among patients with pancreatic cancer,chronic pancreatitis and choledocholithiasis in order to find potential biomarkers for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and to differentiate pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis. Methods The pancreatic juice were connected from 5 pancreatic cancer patients,6 chronic pancreatitis patients and 3 choledocholi-thiasis patients by naso-pancreatic drainage using endoscopic retrograde cholanglopancreatography(ERCP).The proteins in pooled pancreatic juice were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE).The differential expression of proteins were analyzed by image analysis software and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS).Results ①There were 35-200 ml of pancreatic juice collected,and protein concentration were ranged from 0.8 to 4.6 μg/μl.The 2-DE showed that the protein spots in pancreatic cancer,chronic pancreatitis and choledocholithiasis juice were 196±12,209±15 and 199±10,respectively.The matched proteins among three groups all exceeded 75%.②MALDI-TOF-MS revealed that the expression of chain A of a covalent dimer of transthyretin in pancreatic cancer was up-regulated(＞2-fold)while the expressions of chain A of crystal structure of lipid-free human apolipoproteinA-1,chain of human lithostathin and regenerating islet-derived 1 beta precursor were down-regulated. Conclusions Protein spectra are different in patients with pancreatic cancer,chronic pancreatitis and choledocholithiasis.Transthyretin,apolipoproteinA-1,human lithostathin and regenerating islet-derived 1 beta might be the biomarkers of human pancreatic cancer and may be useful in distinguishing pancreatic cancer from chronic panceatitis.
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Objective To determine the efficacy of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pan-creatography (ERCP) in treatment of pain of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Methods The data of CP patients accompanying with pain, who received therapeutic ERCP from 1997 to 2006, were retrospectively analyzed.The diagnosis of CP was made based on the criteria from 2002 Asia-Pacific Consensus, and the effect of ther-apy was evaluated. Results Of 253 patients who received therapeutic ERCP, follow-up data were obtained from 214 patients ( 144 males and 70 females, ages ranging from 6.5 to 78.0 years, mean age 40. 5 years).The mean follow-up period was 41.9 months (12～131 months). Twenty-eight patients (13. 1% ) under-went surgery after ERCP. Relief rates of pain in patients who underwent ERCP with or without operation were 71.4% and 83.9% (P >0. 05 ) respectively. The overall relief rate of ERCP was 73%. The incidence of major complications related to the procedure was 14.9% (71/476) in terms of ERCP sessions, including post-ERCP pancreatitis in 12. 6%, mild cholangitis in 2. 1% and hemorrhage in 0. 2%. All complications sub-sided with conservative medical managements in 2 to 20 days. No perforation or death related to the procedure occurred. Conclusion Therapeutic ERCP is a mean of effective management of pain in patients with CP.
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Objective To investigate the methylation patterns of secreted apoptosis-related protein 2 (SARP2) gene extron 1 in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its clinical value in diagnosis and prognosis. Methods The samples were collected from 23 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 6 with chronic pancreatitis and 7 normal controls. The extracted DNA was treated with sodium bisulfite and analyzed by PCR for methylation patterns in the CpG islands of SARP2 gene. Results The incidence of methylation in CpG islands of SARP2 gene was significant higher in pancreatic carcinoma (37.9%) than that in paracaneerous (15.2%), pancreatic (15.2%) and normal (0%) tissues (P<0.05). The methylation in some CpG sites (region 1) had specificity to pancreatic cancer. The methylation of SARP2 gene was not associated with sex, age, tumor size, stage and metastasis. But the hypermethylation of CpG was related with the tumor size and differentiation. Conclusions The distribution of CpG hypermethylation in SARP2 gene extron 1 is not equilibrium. Some CpG hypermethylation has specificity to pancreatic carcinoma, and may be served as potential targets as well as prognosis indexes for pancreatic cancer.
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Objective To investigate the effect of esophageal mucosal acid exposure on visceral sensation of patients with non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD) and to evaluate the role of visceral hypersensitivity in NERD pathogenesis. Methods We recruited 21 NERD patients and 10 normal healthy volunteers. Mechanical distentions stimulation and acid perfusion through esophagus were performed using the balloon-affixed and polyvinyl multilumen catheter. Esophageal visceral perception thresholds were examined before and after acid perfusion with esophageal balloon distention by means of a computer-controlled barostat. Results As compared with healthy subjects, NERD patients demonstrated significantly lower initial perception threshold and maximally tolerated pain threshold (P
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Objectives:To investigate the significance of diagnosis and treatment guided by EUS in locating lesion of pancreas. Methods: Transgastric aspiration biopsy and placeing plastic stent were done by endoscopic ultrasonography, Olympus GF UM30P with 18G needle. Results: The successful rate of puncture and accuracy of diagnosis are both 100%.The diameters of all of the pancreatic cysts were less than 50% of that after the operation,two pancreatic cysts disappeared.Transgastiric placeing plastic stent was done in one patient,and its cyst was less than 50% after 1 week. Five pancreatic cysts were less than 50% after three six.There is no early and delay complications. Conclusions: Diagnosis and treatment guided by EUS in location lesion of pancreas is useful.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the efficacy of adenovirus mediated suicide gene transduction combined with prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) as a therapeutic protocol for pancreatic cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cytosine Deaminase(CD) gene was cloned into pAdTrack-CMV-CD, pAdTrack-CMV-CD and pAdEasy-1 were recombined in bacteria. The newly recombined adenovirus (Ad)-CD containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were packaged and propagated in 293 cells and purified by cesium chloride gradient centrifugation. Human pancreatic carcinoma cell line-Patu8988 was infected with this virus, then 5FC was added. XTT assay was used to estimate relative numbers of viable cells. In vivo model of pancreatic cancer was established by injecting 1.0 x 10(7) Patu8988 cells subcutaneously in Balb/c nude mice. When tumors were palpable, Ad-CD was injected into each tumor and 5FC was administered.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive clones were selected using endonuclease to digest the recombinants and the concentration of viral liquids containing the CD gene was 2 x 10(11) pfu /ml. Significant cytotoxic activity as shown for 5FC in the CD gene transduced 8988 cell line, while little effect was found in the nontransduced pancreatic carcinoma cells. Antitumor effect was observed in Patu8988 xenograft nude mice with in situ CD gene transduction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CD gene mediated by adenovirus has high infectivity and may be useful for gene therapy in pancreatic carcinoma. These data demonstrate the use of an enzyme prodrug strategy in experimental pancreatic cancer.</p>
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Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Adenoviridae , Genética , Citosina Desaminasa , Técnicas de Transferencia de Gen , Terapia Genética , Vectores Genéticos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Nucleósido Desaminasas , Genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , TerapéuticaRESUMEN
Objective To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP) in teenagers with chronic pancreatitis. Methods Thirteen teenagers with chronic pancreatitis diagnosed and treated by consecutive ERCP procedures in our hospital from Feb 1997 to Feb 2002 were studied retrospectively. Results Of the 13 patients 12 had abdominal pain and 10 had history of acute/chronic pancreatitis. The ERCP findings were as follows: pancreatic duct stricture and/ or dilation 12, pancreatic duct stones 7, pancreatic pseudocysts 2, pancreas divisum 3, and cholecystolithia-sis 1. Therapeutic interventions included EST 7 , basket stone extraction 6, placement of pancreatic duct stent 5 , pancreatic duct stricture bougie or balloon dilation 4, accessory papillotomy 2 and endoscopic papillary dilation 1. In the 6 - 68 months follow - up, 11 (84. 6% ) never had recurrence of pancreatitis or abdominal pain ,2 patients had no abdominal pain after the second ERCP procedure. There were procedure -related complications of hyperamylasemia in 4 cases(30. 8% ) and pancreatitis in 3 cases(23. 1% ). Conclusion ERCP has significant value in diagnosing and treating chronic pancreatitis in teenagers, but has a rather high rate of complication . It suggested that the restrict selection of indication and safe application of the procedures in pediatric patients may be expected to decrease the adverse events of ERCP.
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Objective To study the expression of EGF and EGFR in restenosis tissue of animal e-sophagus after several times of stenting in esophagus, and their relation with esophageal restenosis . Methods Animal models of esophageal stenosis after stenting were made from 16 adult healthy dogs, and allocated into 4 groups to take restenosis tissue as experimental samples at week 1,2,4 and 8. In addition, other 6 normal dogs served as control. To study the expression of EGF and EGFR at protein and mRNA level in these samples by immunohistochemistry ( SABC) and RT-PCR. Results At week 1 and 2, EGF and EGFR clearly expressed, the expressing level increased greatly as compared with the normal controls, the expression of EGF and EGFR existed almost in all the tissues. At week 4 the expression lessened greatly, and finally at week 8 disappeared. The positive cells for EGF were mainly macrophages, some vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, the positive cells for EGFR were mainly macrophages, lymphocyte and Fb. Conclusion After esophageal stenting, lymphocyte, macrophage and Fb in the local tissues were closely related to restenosis, and served as the important regulatory cells in the pathogenesis of restenosis.
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Objective To study the changes of collagen content in the esophageal tissue after stenting. Methods To select healthy adult dogs as experimental subjects.Esophageal stent was installed by the method of “autogenous fascia lata femoris transplantation and fixation",the dogs were killed at the end of 1,2,4 and 8 weeks,and the esophageal tissues with stent were taken out and studied by gross observation,light microscopy and electromicroscopy. The bulk density and distribution of collagen fiber were studied by special staining and computer technology.The content of P I CP and PⅢNP in restenosis tissue were measured by radio immunoassay(RIA).The contents of hydroxyproline and total amino acid(AA) in restenosis tissue were measured by amino acid analyser. Results At week 1 and 2 the inflammatory reaction occurred evidently in stenting esophagus with granulation and fibrosis,in some sites the esophageal tissue began to proliferate towards the lumen where the fibroblasts were in the state of active proliferation and secretion .The contents of hydroxyproline and total amino acid were significantly higher in the esophageal tissue within 1 and 2 weeks of stenting than those in normal esophagus.At week 4 and 8 esophageal lumen narrowed conspicuously,with a lot of fibrotic tissue and a little of inflammatory cells.The staining density of collagen elevated gradually within 4 weeks,there after the content of collagen was stabilized.The change of P I CP and PⅢNP accorded with that of collagen staining.The content of AA at week 4 increased significantly compared with that at week 2,its level was similar to that between 4 and 8 weeks. Conclusions Re-stenosis mainly expressed as fibrosis. At week 4,8 the fibrosis stabilized gradually with the lessening of inflammatory reaction. The content of collagen in re-stenosis tissue elevated within 4 weeks,and stablilized after week 4,it was in accordance with the pathological changes of re-stenosis.
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Objective To investigate the occurrence of early complications of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP and its treatment .Methods Occurrence,kind,treatment and outcome of early complications of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP were respectively reviewed in 8 579 cases in our hospital between January 1977 and December 1999.Results 112 cases had early complications(1.31%).In diagnostic ERCP morbidity of early complications was 1.30%(95/7290) and it was 1.32%(17/1289)in therapeutic ERCP.Of them,acute pancreatitis occurred in 38 cases(0.44%),billiary infection 30 cases(0.35%),bleeding of digestive tract 26 cases(0.30%),drug reaction 8 cases(0.09%),stone and basket incarceration 5 cases(0.06)%,intestinal perforation 1 cases (0.01%) and retroperitoneal pneumatosis 1 cases(0.01%).Of them,106 patients were cured by conservative therapy.Operations were performed in 5 patients.1 patient died.Conclusion In diagnostic ERCP acute pancreatitis is the most common complication,which may be related to difficulty of cannulation,repeated developing and inappropriately injecting contrast medium. In therapeutic ERPC bleeding of digestive tract is the most common complication ,which is related to the procedure ,jaundice and diabetes.Most of complications can be cured by conservative therapy,but a minority needs operation.
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Objective To study the technique of double stent drainage on biliary and pancreatic ducts obstruction,and to assess its clinical effectiveness.Methods Firstly,ERCP was done on all patients to investigate the locus and extent of the stricture or obstruction,in order to choice the stent with suitable diameter and length.Then the stents placed into biliary and pancreatic ducts though the guidewires those was inserted into the ducts already.After the operation,the level of serum amylase and clinical symptoms such as jaundice,abdominal pain and diarrhea were observed to assess the therapeutic effect.Results 14 patients diagnosed as biliary and pancreatic ducts stricture or obstruction were treated successfully with this method(5 patients suffered from ampulla cancer,4 carcinoma of head of pancreas,3 carcinoma of duodenum papilla,2 chronic inflammation of head of pancreas).Thirteen patients were placed with 14 plastic biliary stents in their biliary ducts(each was placed with one stent except one with 2 stents),and one patient was placed with metal stent.At the same time,14 pancreatic stents were placed into pancreatic ducts of these patients.The rate of jaundice extinction in 2 weeks,1 month and 3 months after the operation was 50 percent,71 percent and 93 percent respectively.The rate of abdominal pain remission in 2 weeks after operation was 75 percent.Among 7 diarrhea patients ,the clinical symptoms disappeared in 5 patients and were significantly improved in 2 patients one month after the operation.The obstruction and displacement of stents had not been observed in all patients within 3 months after the operation.The complications related to operation had not been observed in all patients within 3 months after the operation.Conclusions The therapy with double stent drainage in biliary and pancreatic duct stricture is safe and effective.It can relieve jaundice and abdominal pain,decrease biliary pressure and improve the exocrine dysfunction of pancreas.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA expressions of p53,p16 and p21 in esophagus under duodenoesophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux and to discuss the mechanism of reflux leading to esophageal tumorigenesis. Three kinds of model groups [gastroesophageal reflux(G), duodenoesophageal reflux(D) and duodenogastroesophageal reflux(DG)] and a control group(C) were made by operations. All rats were given carcinogen and the mRNA expressions of p53, p16 and p21 were measured by in situ hybridization. The expression of p53 mRNA in all reflux groups was significantly more than that in group C, and in groups D and DG was significantly more than that in group G. The expressions of p16 and p21 gene decreased in all reflux groups and were significantly lower than those in group C, but there was no difference between these reflux groups. It is concluded that reflux of both gastric juice and duodenal contents can promote tumourigenesis in esophagus by changing the expressions of neoplasm inhibiting genes.The effect of duodenal contents is stronger than that of gastric juice.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the killing effects of CD/5-FC suicide gene system mediated by adenovirus vector on human pancreatic carcinoma. Recombinant adenoviruses containing cytosine deaminase(CD) gene were constructed by the homologous recombination method in bacteria. The newly recombinated Ad-CD containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was propagated in 293 cells and purified by cesium chloride gradient centrifugatioa Human pancreatic carcinoma cell line was infected with this virus, then 5-FC was added, and XTT assay was used to estimate relative numbers of viable cells. A heterotopic human pancreatic adenocarcinoma was successfully established in the flank of Balb/c nude mice. Adenoviral liquid containing CD gene was directly injected into xenografts following administration of 5-FC to observe the antitumor effects. Positive clones were selected by using endonuclease to digest the recombinants and the concentration of viral liquid containing CD gene was 2 1011 pfu/ml. It was found that significant cytotoxic activities were possessed by 5-FC for CD gene-transduced pancreatic carcinoma cells, but there was little effect on nontransduced ones. The anticancer effect was seen in vivo in xenografts of nude mice with in situ CD gene transduction. Our conclusian is that CD gene mediated by adenovirus has a high infectivity and is efficient for gene therapy of pancreatic carcinoma. These data demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of an enzyme prodrug strategy in treatment of experimental pancreatic
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The purpose of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) and ERCP separately and their combination in chronic pancreatitis. There were 262 cases of chronic pancreatitis from January 1993 to May 2001 in our hospital. Among them 60 cases examined by ERCP and EUS were analyzed retrospectively. The constriction and dilatation of main pancreatic duct and pancreatic duct stones were found by EUS. In all, there were 49 patients who diagnosed chronic pancreatitis by EUS and the accuracy rate was 81 7%. On the other hand, there were 52 patients were diagnosed chronic pancreatitis by ERCP and the accuracy rate was 86 7%. There were also 6 patients who diagnosed by ERCP but undiagnosed by EUS, their coincidence rate was 90%. Furthermore, 59 patients were diagnosed by ERCP in combination with EUS and the accuracy rate was 98 3% ( vs sole ERCP or sole EUS respectively, P