The degradation of plastics and the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) / 生物工程学报

In recent years, the petroleum-based plastic pollution problem has been causing global attention. The idea of "degradation and up-cycling of plastics" was proposed for solving the environmental pollution caused by non-degradable plastics. Following this idea, plastics would be firstly degraded and then reconstructed. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) can be produced from the degraded plastic monomers as a choice to recycle among various plastics. PHA, a family of biopolyesters synthesized by many microbes, have attracted great interest in industrial, agricultural and medical sectors due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, thermoplasticity and carbon neutrality. Moreover, the regulations on PHA monomer compositions, processing technology, and modification methods may further improve the material properties, making PHA a promising alternative to traditional plastics. Furthermore, the application of the "next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB)" utilizing extremophiles for PHA production is expected to enhance the PHA market competitiveness, promoting this environmentally friendly bio-based material to partially replace petroleum-based products, and achieve sustainable development with carbon-neutrality. This review summarizes the basic material properties, plastic upcycling via PHA biosynthesis, processing and modification methods of PHA, and biosynthesis of novel PHA.

Analysis of clinical outcomes and effectiveness of combined revascularization in the treatment of elderly patients with moyamoya disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of elderly patients with moyamoya disease and clinical outcomes after combined revascularization, and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this method in elderly patients.Methods:Moyamoya disease patients aged 60 years or older who had undergone combined revascularization at the Neurosurgery Center of Aeronautical General Hospital from January 2016 to September 2021 were selected as study subjects.Then patients' clinical data and postoperative complications within two weeks of surgery were collected and a followed-up was conducted.The results were compared with those of previous reports.Results:A total of 46 combined revascularization procedures were carried out in 30 patients.The ages at surgery ranged between 60-75 years, with a mean age of(66.1±4.4)years.The rate of complications within two weeks after surgery was 37%, and the most common complication was speech dysfunction, followed by epilepsy and hyperperfusion.No serious complications such as cerebral hemorrhage and death occurred.The follow-up varied between 3-67 months, with an average follow-up time of(26.8±18.4)months.The MRS score was <3 at 3 months after surgery, and there was no death or severe disability.Conclusions:Perioperative complications in elderly patients with moyamoya disease have a higher incidence rate than in other populations, but patients can usually recover after close perioperative management for 2 weeks.The follow-up has demonstrated that outcomes at 3 months and in longer terms after surgery are satisfactory and clinical symptoms will improve significantly.

Comparison of postoperative analgesic effect of flurbiprofen axetil and parecoxib sodium in patients with humeral shaft fracture in painless ward / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To compare postoperative analgesic effect of flurbiprofen axetil and parecoxib sodium in patients with humeral shaft fracture in painless ward.Methods:All of 200 hospitalized humeral fractures patients were retrospectively studied in the painless ward of the Forth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to September 2019 , the clinical effects of flurbiprofen axetil and parecoxib were compared.Results:Postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores after 3 d of two groups of patients were significantly lower, compared with preoperative results: (4.26±0.96) scores vs. (6.09±1.38) scores, (4.04±1.19) scores vs. (6.04±1.11) scores, and the differences were statistical significantly ( P<0.01). Postoperative VAS score after 3 d of two groups had no statistical significance ( P>0.05). Two groups had different degree of adverse reactions after operation, and flurbiprofen axetil group had singnificant gastrointestinal adverse reaction: 22 patients vs. 3 patients( P<0.05). The number of patients in the parecoxib group were more than that in the flubiprofen axetil group without troubled sleep: 20 patients vs. 8 patients. Two groups of patients were satisfied with the pain care during hospitalization. Conclusions:Two analgestic drugs can obtain obvious analgesic effect in the treatment of bones surgery. The side effects and sleep disturbance in the flurbiprofen axetil group are higher than those in the parecoxib group. Good pain control can improve patients satisfaction with pain care.

Multidisciplinary team for treatment of hip fracture in the elderly / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To explore multidisciplinary team (MDT) for the treatment of hip fracture in the elderly.Methods:A retrospective analysis was done of the 196 elderly patients who had been admitted to Department of Joint Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital from September 2017 to December 2018 for hip fractures. They were divided into 2 groups depending on whether MDT had been applied or not. In the MDT group of 102 patients, there were 43 males and 59 females with an age of 81.9±8.4 years, and 63 femoral neck fractures and 39 intertrochanteric fractures. In the traditional treatment group of 94 patients, there were 37 males and 57 females with an age of 81.3±8.6 years, and 55 femoral neck fractures and 39 intertrochanteric fractures. The 2 groups were compared in terms of complications and mortality during hospitalization, interval from admission to surgery, total hospital stay, and Harris hip scores at 6 months after surgery.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in general data before surgery between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). Eighty-four patients (89.4%) in the traditional treatment group and 98 patients (96.1%) in the MDT group underwent surgery, showing no significant difference between the groups ( χ2=3.327, P=0.068). In the patients undergoing surgery in the MDT group, the incidences of postoperative delirium [12.2% (12/98)], pulmonary infection [11.2% (11/98)], cardiogenic disease [13.3%(13/98)], electrolyte disturbance[12.2%(12/98)] and deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity [6.1% (6/98)] were significantly lower, the interval from admission to surgery (1.9 d±0.9 d) and total hospital stay (10.2 d±0.9 d) significantly shorter, and Harris hip scores (81.3±6.2) at 6 months after surgery significantly higher than those in the patients undergoing surgery in the traditional treatment group [31.0%(26/84), 22.6% (19/84), 25.0% (21/84), 28.6% (24/84), 16.7%(14/84); 3.1 d±1.6 d and 14.1 d±6.2 d; 75.4±7.8; respectively] (all P<0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of hip fracture in the elderly, multidisciplinary team is effective in reducing complications during hospitalization, shortening the interval from admission to surgery and total hospital stay, and promoting functional recovery of the hip.

18F-FDG PET/CT combined with three-dimensional reconstruction of thin-slice helical CT in diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To explore the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with three-dimensional reconstruction of thin-slice spiral CT in diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). Methods: A total of 139 patients with SPN were selected. After routine 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning, thin-slice spiral CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed. The accuracy of single 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with three-dimensional reconstruction of thin-slice spiral CT in diagnosis of SPN were recorded and compared. Results: Totally 139 SPN were pathologically confirmed after operation or puncture, including 83 malignant and 48 benign ones. SPN in 8 patients became small or disappeared after clinical anti-inflammatory treatment, and thus were diagnosed as benign ones. The sensitivity, specificity and coincidence rate of combined diagnosis of SPN nodules was 85.71% (72/84), 78.18% (43/55) and 82.73% (115/139), respectively, all higher than of single 18F-FDG PET/CT (64.29% [54/84], 54.55% [ 30/55] and 60.43% [84/139], respectively). Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with three-dimensional reconstruction of thin-slice spiral CT can significantly improve the accuracy for diagnosing SPN. [Keywords] solitary pulmonary nodules; positron-emission tomography; thin-slice scanning; three-dimensional reconstruction

Safety and efficacy of microvascular decompression in elderly patients with cranial neuropathy / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the safety and clinical efficacies of microvascular decompression(MVD) on cranial neuropathy such as trigeminal neuralgia (TN),hemifacial spasm (HFS)and glossopharyngeal neuralgia(GN)in elderly patients.Methods Clinical data of 72 patients aged 70 years and over diagnosed as cranial neuropathy and undergoing microvascular decompression in our department from January 2015 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The curative effect and complications were analyzed after treatment.Results All patients successfully underwent MVD under general anesthesia.The facial pain completely disappeared or was significantly improved in 85.7 ％ (30/35)of TN patients one year after operation.The intermittent tonic contractions of the facial muscles were completely disappeared in 94.3％ (33/35)of HFS patients.Clinical symptoms were completely disappeared in 2 patients with GN,4 patients with TN and HFS and 1 patients with TN and GN.Conclusions The surgery goes well and the patients have good postoperative recovery,with no severe complications such as intracranial hematoma,infarction,cerebrospinal fluid leakage,acute hydrocephalus and death.After an adequate preoperative evaluation,MVD is safe and effective with a few complications.It can significantly improve the quality of life in elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia,hemifacial spasm,and glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

Clinical study of microsurgery treatment for glossopharyngeal neuralgia in aged patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of microsurgery for glossopharyngeal neuralgia in aged patients by analyzing short-term and long-term follow-up outcomes.Methods Clinical data of 55 glossopharyngeal neuralgia patients treated with microsurgery were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,25 patients aged over 65 years were assigned into the observation group,and 30 patients under 65 years were assigned into the control group.Clinical characteristics,postoperative complications,short-term efficacy and long-term prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results There was a significant difference in the average age between the observation group and the control group[(71.88 ± 5.95) years vs.(52.57 ± 5.88)years,(t =12.052,P＜0.001)].The incidence of concomitant diseases was higher in the observation group than in the control group (56.0 ％ vs.13.3 ％,x2 =9.421,P =0.001).No significant difference was found in length of hospital stay or postoperative complications between the two groups(t =0.268,P=0.551;x2=0.068,P =0.562).There was no significant difference in short-and long-term prognosis at 1,3,6 months and 1 year after microsurgery (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Clinical characteristics,prognosis after microsurgery and surgery risks in aged glossopharyngeal neuralgia patients are comparable to those in younger glossopharyngeal neuralgia patients.Therefore,microsurgery is safe and effective in treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia in aged patients and should be encouraged in clinical practice.

Application of dual energy brain CT plane scanning in diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage after endovascular treatment / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To assess the accuracy of dual energy brain CT plane scanning in diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and contrast medium extravasation in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after endovascular treatment.Methods Twenty AIS patients underwent dual energy brain CT scanning immediately after endovascular treatment.The 140 kV and 80 kV single energy data were input into the working station.The accuracy and specificity of dual energy brain CT plane scanning in diagnosis of ICH and contrast medium extravasation were assessed according to the virtual unenhanced non-contrast (VNC) images and iodine overlay maps (IOM) combined with clinical and vonventional brain CT or MRI after 48 h.Results Of the 20 patients included in this study,6 had no high density foci and 14 had 27 high density foci in brain parenchyma and subarachnoid cavity on 140 kV single energy CT images.Of the 27 high density foci in brain parenchyma and subarachnoid cavity,8 with a consistency of VNC and IOM were diagnosed as ICH.Brain CT plane scanning demonstrated hemorrhage in 7 out of the 8 high density foci.IOM showed high density foci and VNC showed no high density foci in 19 patients which were diagnosed as contrast medium extravasation.The sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative prediction value of dual energy brain CT plane scanning in diagnosis of ICH and contrast extravasation were 100.0％,95.0％,87.5 ％,and 100.0％ respecttively.Conclusion Dual energy brain CT plane scanning can rapidly and accurately identify ICH.

Relationship of TNF-α-308 gene polymorphism with susceptibility and severity of central venous catheter-related sepsis / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship of TNF-αgene promoter 308 locus(TNF-α-308)polymorphism with the susceptibility and severity of central venous catheter-related sepsis(CRS). Methods One hundred and five CRS patients admitted in Kaihua People's Hospital from January 2015 to May 2017 were enrolled in the study.According to whether complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS), they were divided into CRS complicated MODS group(n=34)and CRS non-MODS group(n=71).Meanwhile,210 patients with no catheter-related infection(case control group)and 105 healthy subjects(healthy control group)were also enrolled in the study.Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)was used to genotype TNF-α-308, and the relationship of TNF-α-308 polymorphism with the susceptibility and severity of CRS was investigated.SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the data.Results There were no significant differences in frequencies of GG, GA,AA genotypes and G,A allele of TNF-α-308 among CRS group,case control group and healthy control group(χ2=2.262 and 0.907,both P>0.05).Compared with CRS non-MODS group,case control group and healthy control group, the frequency of GG genotype was significantly lower and the frequencies of genotype GA and AA of TNF-α-308 were significantly higher in CRS MODS group(χ2=8.809,7.700 and 9.220,all P<0.05).Compared with CRS non-MODS group,case control group and healthy control group, the allele frequencies of G were significantly lower and allele frequency of A allele of TNF-α-308 was significantly higher in CRS MODS group(χ2=9.823, 8.624 and 7.654, all P<0.05).There were no significant differences in genotype frequency and allele frequencies of TNF-α-308(χ2=0.852 and 0.975, both P>0.05)among CRS non-MODS group and case control group,healthy control group(χ2=1.022 and 0.535,both P>0.05).The odds ratio of GA +AA genotype and A allele of TNF-α-308 in CRS MODS group were 2.664(95%CI 1.259-5.639)and 2.440(95%CI 1.326-4.490).Conclusion TNF-αgene promoter 308 locus polymorphism is not a predisposing factor for CRS, but may be associated with complication of MODS in CRS patients.

Imaging and biodistribution of 131I labeled anti-neuropilin-2 monoclonal antibody in lung adenocarcinoma-bearing mice / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To prepare 131I-anti-neuropilin-2-monoclonal antibody (131I-anti-NRP-2-mAb),and investigate its biodistribution and imaging in nude mice bearing xenografted lung adenocarcinoma,in order to evaluate its feasibility as an imaging agent targeting to NRP-2 positive tumors.Methods (1)131I-anti-NRP-2-mAb was prepared by Chloramine-T method under the optimum labeling conditions,then the labeling efficiency,radiochemical purity and stability were determined in vitro.(2) The binding fraction and receptor binding affinity of 131I-anti-NRP-2-mAb were measured in A549 human lung cancer cells by cell uptaking and binding experiments.(3) The A549 tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with direct sampling method and were sacrificed at 6,24,48,and 72 h,respectively,after tail intravenous injection of 0.37 MBq 131I-anti-NRP-2-mAb.The distribution was measured,and the ratios of tumor/muscle (T/M) and tumor/blood (T/B) were calculated.(4) Gamma imaging was performed in 6 mice,including 3 in the competitive inhibition control group (injected with 3.7 MBq 131I-anti-NRP-2-mAb and 100 μg atniNRP-2-mAb),at 6,24,48,and 72 h post-injection to observe the radioactivity in tumor.Two-sample t test was used for data analysis.Results (1) The labeling yield and radiochemical purity of 131I-anti-NRP-2-mAb were (94.69 ± 3.63) ％ and (98.56± 0.48) ％,respectively.The radiochemical purity was more than 85％ after incubating in phosphate-buffered solution at room temperature for 72 h.(2) At 60,120,180 and 240 min post-injection,the binding ratios of 131I-anti-NRP-2-mAb in A549 cells were (3.95±0.18)％,(5.19±0.65) ％,(6.60± 0.36) ％ and (5.58± 0.63) ％,respectively.When excessive anti-NRP-2-mAb were added,the binding ratios were reduced to (0.94±0.31)％,(1.12±0.17)％,(1.24±0.25)％ and (1.04±0.18) ％,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of non-inhibited group (t values:9.89-19.66,all P＜0.05).131I-anti-NRP-2-mAb bound to NRP-2 with high affinity half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 =(410.8±1.2) nmol/L).(3) Biodistribution study demonstrated that the T/M and T/B ratios increased with the time extension and were 3.83±0.18 and 1.10±0.20,respectively,at 72 h post-injection.(4) Gamma imaging studies revealed that 131I-anti-NRP-2-mAb could clearly identify A549 tumors 6 h post-injection,especially at 48 h post-injection.Tumors were not observed clearly in competitive inhibition control group.Conclusion 131I-anti-NRP-2-mAb has been successfully prepared,and it could target to NRP-2 specifically.

The clinical feature, pathology, and prognosis of Kimura disease complicated with nephrotic syndrome in children / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical feature of Kimura disease complicated with nephrotic syndrome in children. Methods The clinical data from 4 children with Kimura disease complicated with nephrotic syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. Results In all of the 4 male children, level of serum IgE was increased but level of eosinophils was not increased in peripheral blood. The renal pathological manifestations were different among them. Two cases had acute tubular injury, one case had pathological changes in repeated renal biopsy, and one case had a little of eosinophils infiltration in renal interstitium. All of them were sensitive to oral hormone treatment. Except that one case had no relapse yet in short follow-up period, the other 3 cases had relapsed and all manifested as positive urinary protein without lymphadenectasis. The 3 cases with recurrence were treated by combined immunosuppressive agents, the palindromia of two cases were reduced which were combined with tacrolimus. Conclusion The Kimura disease complicated with nephrotic syndrome in children has a long course and different renal pathological manifestations. It is sensitive to hormone treatment but easy to relapse, and the treatment should be combined with immunosuppressive therapy. Tacrolimus may have the effect on reducing relapse and delaying the progress of renal pathology.

Pneumonia in severe acute stroke patients fed by nasojejunal versus nasogastric tube / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of enteral nutrition via the nasojejunal and nasogastric feeding on stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) and other complications in patients with severe acute stroke.Methods A total of 60 patients with severe acute stroke who needed tube feeding were randomized to either a nasojejunal tube group or a nasaogastric tube group for enteral nutrition support.The occurrence of SAP,diarrhea,vomiting,and gastrointestinal bleeding within 2 weeks were observed.The nutrition indices (total protein,prealbumin,and hemoglobin) before and at day 7 and 14 after the tube placement were documented and compared.Results There were 30 patients in the nasojejunal tube group and the nasaogastric rube group,respectively.There were no significant difference in demographic and baseline clinical data between the 2 groups.The incidence of SAP (43.3％ vs.70.0％;x2 =4.340,P=0.037),vomiting (13.3％ vs.43.3％;x2 =6.648,P =0.010),and hyponatremia (6.7％ vs.40.0％;x2 =4.022,P =0.045) in the nasojejunal rube group were significant lower than those in the nasogastric rube group,however,there was no significant differences in the incidences of diarrhea and gastrointestinal bleeding.Compared with before indwelling tube,there were no significant difference in the concentrations of total plasma protein and prealbumin at day 14 after indwelling tube in the nasojejunal tube group,but the concentration of hemoglobin were decreased significantly (P =0.001);compared with before indwelling tube,the concentrations of the total plasma protein (P =0.001),prealbumin (P =0.036),and hemoglobin (P =0.001) at day 14 after indwelling tube in the nasogastric rube group were significantly decreased.Conclusions Nasojejunal nutrition may effectively prevent SAP,volmiting,and hyponatremia in patients with severe acute stroke,and contributes to maintain the nutritional status.

Progress on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) / 生物工程学报

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) has developed with more diversity and more advanced manufacturing technology. Diversity has now been reflected by diverse monomers, diverse structures and diverse polymerization modes, giving the concept of "PHAome". In addition, the application of synthetic biology and the development of seawater-based biotechnology reduce the production cost of PHA, making PHA more economically competitive. Some examples of commercialized PHA products are described here. Besides, PHA with high value added applications has been exploited.

Research and industrialization of biobased materials in China / 生物工程学报

This paper reviews the research and commercialization progresses of biobased polymeric materials including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactides (PLA), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and its monomer succinate, and CO2 copolymer poly (propylene carbonate), especially these efforts made in China.

Progress in synthetic biology of "973 Funding Program" in China / 生物工程学报

This paper reviews progresses made in China from 2011 in areas of "Synthetic Biology" supported by State Basic Research 973 Program. Till the end of 2014, 9 "synthetic biology" projects have been initiated with emphasis on "microbial manufactures" with the 973 Funding Program. Combined with the very recent launch of one project on "mammalian cell synthetic biology" and another on "plant synthetic biology", Chinese "synthetic biology" research reflects its focus on "manufactures" while not giving up efforts on "synthetic biology" of complex systems.

Establishment of normal reference interval for four items of blood coagulation on ACL-TOP Automatic coagulation analyzer / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To establish normal reference interval for four items of blood coagulation on ACL‐TOP Automatic coagu‐lation analyzer .Methods The fasting anti‐coagulation blood samples were collected from 1 268 inpatients and people conducted physical examination ,all subjects without liver disease ,history of blood disease and coagulation disfunction .The prothrombin time (PT) ,activated partical prothrombin time(APTT) ,thrombin time(TT) and serum levels of fibrinogen(FIB) were determined by u‐sing ACL‐TOP automatic coagulation analyzer which was producted by America IL company .And data of determination results were used to establish the normal reference intervals of indexes in this laboratory .Results The precision and accuracy of this analy‐zer was good .There were differences of normal reference intervals between which established in this laboratory and which provided by the manufacturer .Conclusion Each laboratory should establish its own normal reference interval ,not blindly refer to reference interval provided by regents manual .

DISTRIBUTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE OF 689 STRAINS OF ACINETOBACTER BAU-MANNII / 现代医院

Objective To explore the distribution of Acinetobacter baumannii and its drug resistance to 17 antimicro-bial agents to provide basis for clinical treatment.Methods The data of 689 strains of A.baumannii from Jan.2010 to Dec. 2012 were collected and reviewed for bacterial identification and drug sensitive test and then analyzed using WHONET 5.4. Results 689 strains of A.baumannii isolates were broadly distributed in sputum (75.5%), most primarily isolated from the ICU (36.9%).The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the drug resistance rate of Ab was the highest to Bactrim (36.3%), followed by gentamicin (29.0%), and the lowest to cefperazone-sulbactam (8.0%).The drug resistance rate of Ab to cefperazone-sulbactam was the lowest (8.5%) in 2012.In the three years, the drug resistance rate of Ab to imipenem was the biggest rise (14.5%);while to gatifloxacin and levofloxacin declined.The drug resistance rate of Ab to gatifloxacin dropped by 13.1%, which was bigger than that to levofloxacin (9.5%).The drug resistance rates of Ab to the rest antimi-crobial agents fluctuated insignificantly, but were all in an increasing trend.Conclusion Acinetobacter baummannii mainly distribute in sputum of patients in the ICU and department of respiratory diseases, and its detection rate and drug resistance rate are increasing year by year.

Effects of exercise training on cognitive function,ChAT and AchE activity in SHR/SP rat vascular dementia model / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effects of the exercise training on the cognitive function ,choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR/SP) vascular de-mentia model .Methods 30 male SHR/SP rats were randomly divided into sham operation group ,model group and exercise group (n=10) .The VD model was established by the fractional ligation of bilateral carotid artery (2-VO) .The sham operation group and the model group were given the normal feeding without intervention after operation ;the exercise group adopted the treadmill exer-cise(DSPT-1) for 8 weeks .After the exercise ,the Morris maze test was conducted for evaluating the cognitive function in each group .The rats were finally killed for detecting the ChAT activity and AchE activity of hippocampus .Results In the positioning navigation training ,the latency period of the sham operation group was significantly short than that of the exercise group and the model group ,but the latency period of the exercise group was obviously short than that of rats in the model group (P<0 .05);in the spatial exploration test ,the rats in the sham operation group had more frequency of crossing platform than the other two groups ,the exercise group had more frequency of crossing platform in platform quadrant than the model group (P<0 .05);the exercise training could increase the ChAT activity and lower the AchE activity of hippocampus .Conclusion The exercise training can improve the function of hippocampal cholinergic system in SHR/SP and then increase the cognitive ability .

Clinical Curative Effect Observation of Bumetanide on Elderly Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Middle and Advanced Stages Nephropathy / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of bumetanide on elderly type 2 diabetic patients with middle and advanced stages nephropathy. Methods Forty cases with diabetic nephropathy (DN) were divided into two groups:control group (20 cases) and treatment group (20 cases) . The control group accepted furosemide (20 mg, once a day) and the bumetanide was orally administrated at the dose of 1.0 mg, twice a day to the treatment group for 3 months. The assessment of transferrin (TRF) and urine microalbumin (UALB) was performed at the time points at the end of 1, 4, 8, 12 weeks after treatment. Results (1) The levels of BUN, SCr and UA after treatment were lower than before treatment, but there were no significant differences. (2) In the treatment group, the levels of TRF and UALB have decreased after treatment for 1 week, with no statistically significant. But at the end of 4, 8 and 12 weeks,the differences were statistically significant ( <0.05) . Especially, during the three months follow-up,the levels of TRF and UALB at 12 weeks have decreased obviously. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of bumetanide on DN might be better than that of furosemide.

Factors Affecting Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Refractory Secretory Otitis Media after the Extubation of Ventilation Tube / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To explore the treatment using two different ventilation tubes insertion for secretory o-titis media ,and to determine which factors are associated with the tympanic membrane perforation after a extrusion or surgical removal of a ventilation tube(VT) .Methods A retrospective analysis of 121 cases (210 ears) with re-fractory secretory otitis media from 1998 June to 2013 March was carried out .There were 58 cases (105 ears ) and 63 cases (105 ears) in patients and control group ,respectively .All subjects had more than 2 years of history ,and were treated by two types of ventilation tube (Goode -T and Shepard tube) .Various factors were analyzed to deter-mine the factors associated with persistence of a tympanic membrane perforation after VT extrusion or removal ,in-cluding gender ,age ,medical history ,ventilation tube pattern ,location ,history of previous VT insertions ,intuba-tion period reason for VT insertion ,condition of the TM ,nature of the tympanic cavity effusion and previous ade-noidectomy ,et .Results Analysis factors of perforation group (105 ears) and the control group (without perfora-tion ,105 ears) ,were statistically significant in ventilation tube pattern (χ2 =6 .916 ,P<0 .01) ,history of previous VT insertions(χ2 =7 .325 ,P<0 .01) ,frequency of previous VT insertions (χ2 =13 .01 ,P<0 .01)and the nature of the tympanic cavity effusion(χ2 =7 .04 ,P<0 .01) .The proportion of perforation group about Goode - T ventilation tube ,history of previous VT insertions ,the frequency of tube (more than 3 times) ,mucus of the middle ear cavity were 58 .4% ,57 .3% ,66 .7% and 57 .9% respectively ,others had no significant difference between the two groups . The multivariate analysis showed that ,regardless of the ventilation tube ,the frequency of tube was the tympanic membrane perforation risk factor ;Goode-T tube increased the risk of perforation of tympanic membrane was 1 .637 times than Shepard tube(OR=1 .637 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Using the Goode - T type ventilation tube ,history of previous VT insertions ,the frequency of tube (more than 3 times) ,mucus of the middle ear cavity were four risk factors for persistence of a tympanic membrane perforation after VT insertion for secretory otitis media .