Synchronus Emphysematous Pyelonephritis and Emphysematous Cystitis - A Rare Clinical Entity.

Concomitant emphysematous pyelonephritis (EP) and emphysematous cystitis (EC), is a rare potentially life-threatening condition.The Current case report stress upon the early detection and appropriate treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous cystitis , to avoid the potential morbidity and mortality associated with this infection.

PCNL - a comparative study in nonoperated and in previously operated (open nephrolithotomy/pyelolithotomy) patients - a single-surgeon experience

PURPOSE: Re-procedure in patients with history of open stone surgery is usually challenging due to the alteration in the retroperitoneal anatomy. The aim of this study was to determine the possible impact of open renal surgery on the efficacy and morbidity of subsequent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2009 until September 2010, 120 patients underwent PCNL. Of these, 20 patients were excluded (tubeless or bilateral simultaneous PCNL). Of the remaining 100, 55 primary patients were categorized as Group 1 and the remaining (previous open nephrolithotomy) as Group 2. Standard preoperative evaluation was carried out prior to intervention, Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 11 with the chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. A p-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS: Both groups were similar in demographic profile and stone burden. Attempts to access the PCS was less in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (1.2 + 1 2 vs 3 + 1.3 respectively) and this was statistically significant (p < 0.04). However, the mean operative time between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.44). Blood transfusion rate was comparable in the two groups (p = 0.24). One patient in Group 2 developed hemothorax following a supra-11th puncture. Remaining complications were comparable in both groups. CONCLUSION: Patients with past history of renal stone surgery may need more attempts to access the pelvicaliceal system and have difficulty in tract dilation secondary to retroperitoneal scarring. But overall morbidity and efficacy is same in both groups.

Transurethral Resection in Superficial Urinary Bladder Carcinoma.

Retrospective analysis of 112 cases of superficial carcinoma of urinary bladder treated with transurethral resection was done and the success rate of the modality of treatment was analyed. Out of 112 patients there were 95 males and 17 females. Oldest patient was 80 year old and the youngest was 40 year old. Chief presenting complaint was haematuria. Average duration of haematuria was 9 months. Transurethral resection was done in these patients. The five year survival was 84% in stage A-I, 81% in stage A-II. It was however 54% in A-III. Recurrence rate was 20%, 26% and 52% in A-I, A-II and A-III respectively. Transurethral resection is thus an excellent approach for the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma.