RESUMEN
Resumen Se presentan resultados preliminares de una investigación en curso que se realiza en un centro público de salud de la ciudad de La Banda, provincia de Santiago del Estero, que propone evaluar la incidencia de la prematuridad en el estilo de apego del niño. Se evalúan niños nacidos prematuros y nacidos a término entre 12 y 24 meses. Se parte de la idea de que características de la prematuridad, tales como la internación en neonatología y las manifestaciones conductuales y emocionales diferentes a las de niños nacidos a término, pueden introducir diferencias en el apego. La muestra estuvo integrada por 30 díadas madre-bebé correspondientes a dos grupos: (A) compuesto por díadas madre-bebé prematuro, y (B) de control, compuesto por díadas madre-bebé no prematuro. Para evaluar el apego, se utilizó la escala Procedimiento Argentino de la Situación Extraña (Rodríguez y Oiberman, 2013) y se recopiló información sociodemográfica de determinadas variables que pudieran estar asociadas a la calidad del apego de los infantes con sus madres (edad materna, estado civil, trabajo materno, género del niño y tiempo de internación del niño). Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias con significación estadística entre los grupos estudiados en la calidad del apego. Se encontró relación entre el tiempo de internación y la distribución de apego, siendo que a mayor frecuencia de apego seguro, menor tiempo de internación del niño. Este estudio es uno de los primeros en analizar la distribución del apego en infantes nacidos prematuros en Sudamérica.
Abstract Preliminary results of an ongoing investigation are presented in a public health center in the city of La Banda, province of Santiago del Estero, which aims to assess the incidence of prematurity in the child's attachment style. Children born preterm and full-term are evaluated during the second year of life (12-24 months). It is based on the idea that some characteristics of prematurity, such as hospitalization in neonatology and behavioral and emotional manifestations different from that of children born at term, can introduce differences in the way of linking. The sample consisted of 30 mother-baby dyads corresponding to two groups: group A, composed of mother- premature baby dyads, and a control group B, composed of mother-non-premature baby dyads, 15 of these correspond to mother/premature son and 15 to mother/non premature child. Fifteen girls and 15 males were studied. Healthy children were selected for the non-premature children control group (without previous pathologies). The mothers were between 22 and 37 years old and the children between 12 and 24 months old. To assess the attachment, the Argentine Procedure of the Strange Situation scale was used (Rodríguez and Oiberman, 2013) and socio-demographic information of certain variables that could be associated with the quality of attachment of infants with their mothers (maternal age, marital status, maternal work, child's gender and time of child's admission) was compiled. The Argentine Procedure of the Strange Situation is a controlled laboratory procedure consisting of observation in a double-mirror room, where the infant and his mother are evaluated in 8 episodes of 3 minutes each, in which the mother separates from and meets with her son, together with the presence of a stranger. For the statistical analysis of the data obtained, the statistical package for social sciences was used (SPSS). The research has the endorsement of the Institutional Committee of Ethics of Research in Health (CIEIS) corresponding to the Ministry of Health and Social development of Santiago del Estero, which certifies that the investigation complies with the ethical requirements. The results show that there are no statistical significant differences among the groups studied in the quality of attachment. Although it can be observed that the percentage of safe attachment is lower in premature infants in relation to children born at term, 60 % and 73 % respectively, this difference does not become significant at the statistical level. It should be taken into account that in this study we worked with a small simple; perhaps in a broader number of members of each group the results have significant differences. Similarly, no relationship was found between the socio-demographic variables studied and the style of attachment of the child. It was found that, in the case of premature born children, the time of hospitalization is related to the quality of attachment, most children who had a safe attachment style are those who had fewer days of hospitalization (less than 15 days). This study may be considered one of the first in South America to analyze the frequency of adherence patterns in premature early childhood, with the use of the argentine adaptation of the instrument that has more validation in the subject of attachment. These first results of the research in progress have certain limitations: one of them is the number of cases analyzed, and a second one was that the work was done with moderate and late preterm. It would be interesting to analyze the results of a study including children born with extreme prematurity (before 28 weeks).
RESUMEN
Se analiza la relación entre las variables Burnout, Apoyo Social y Satisfacción Laboral en una muestra de 89 docentes pertenecientes a establecimientos educacionales municipalizados de la ciudad de Rengo, Chile. Se administraron las escalas de Burnout, Apoyo Social y de Satisfacción Laboral correspondientes a las variables estudiadas. Se observa que los docentes se encontraban altamente afectados por sintomatologías y presencia de Burnout. Sin embargo, presentaron altos niveles de Apoyo Social y Satisfacción Laboral, factores que amortiguarían las consecuencias nocivas del Síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo. Además, se encontraron relaciones significativas entre estas variables, demostrando que el Burnout se relaciona de forma inversa tanto con la variable Apoyo Social (r=-0,526; p<0,01) como con Satisfacción Laboral (r=-0,477; p<0,01). Finalmente, se reporta que el Apoyo Social y la Satisfacción Laboral relacionan de manera directa (r=0,684; p<0,01).
In this work we analyze the relationship existing among the variables of burnout, social support and job satisfaction in a sample of 89 teachers in municipal schools in Rengo city Chile. We administered Burnout scales, Social Support and Job Satisfaction corresponding to the studied variables. We observed that teachers were significantly affected by symptoms and the presence of burnout. However, they also presented high levels of social support and satisfaction at work, factors that decrease the harmful effects of burnout syndrome due to work. In addition, we found significant relationships between these variables, demonstrating that Burnout is related inversely with both the with variable and social support (r = - 0.526, p <0.01) as well as with work satisfaction (r = - 0.477, p <0, 01). Finally we conclude that social support and job satisfaction are directly related (r = 0.684, p <0.01).
Foi analisada a relação entre as variáveis de Burnout, Apoio social e Satisfação no trabalho em uma amostra de 89 professores de estabelecimentos municipais de ensino da cidade de Rengo, Chile. Foram administradas escalas de Burnout, Apoio Social e Satisfação no Trabalho correspondentes às variáveis estudadas. Foi observado que os professores estavam afetados significativamente por sintomatologia e presença de Burnout. No entanto, apresentaram altos níveis de Apoio social e Satisfação no trabalho, fatores que diminuiriam os efeitos nocivos da Síndrome Burnout devido ao trabalho. Além disso, foram encontradas relações significativas entre essas variáveis , demonstrando que o Burnout relaciona-se de forma inversa tanto com a variável Apoio social (r =- 0,526, p <0,01) quanto com Satisfação no trabalho (r =- 0,477, p <0 , 01). Finalmente, relata-se que o Apoio social e a Satisfação no trabalho estão diretamente relacionados (r = 0,684, p <0,01).