Interactions of Unconjugated Bilirubin with Bile Acid by Rapid Solvent Partition / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our previous studies of ionization and solubility of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) yielded inappropriately large differences between the two carboxylic pK'a values of UCB. These data, however, were not ideal due to crystal effects, matastability, impurities of the bilirubin, and imprecision of analyses at low UCB. METHODS: The sodium salt of taurocholate (TC) was purified and dissolved in water to 100 mM. Chloroform (CHCl3) was purified by vacuum distillation. Buffers used were: citrate from pH 4 to 6, phosphate from pH 6 to 8, and borate above pH 8. All had an ionic strength of 0.10. The problems were minimized by rapid solvent partition of UCB from CHCl3 into buffered aqueous NaCl, and a new, accurate assay of low UCB in the aqueous phase which was achieved by concentrating the UCB through back extraction into small volumes of CHCl3. RESULTS: In contrast with the crystal dissolution studies, the two pK'a value were similar. H2B0, not HB-, was the dominant UCB species in the pH range of bile (6.0 to 8.0). The aqueous solubilities of UCB were 90 to 98% less. Less than 0.01% of the bile salt partitioned into the CHCl3 phase and self-association of B= was negligible. UCB solubilities in 50 mM TC were 2 to 10% of those obtained by crystal dissolution, and, up to pH 7.9, were below the maximum UCB concentration in normal human bile. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the markedly increased binding of UCB with each ionization step is due to the disruption of the internal hydrogen bonds of the ionized carboxyl groups on interaction with the bile salt. We propose to extend the study of partition to determine the activity and the degradation products of calcium salts of unbound bilirubin fractions.

Metronidazole Resistance and the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori / 대한소화기내시경학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The success of Helicobacter pylori eradication is limited by antibiotic resistances, and the primary resistance to metranidazole seems to be high. In this study, the frequency af metronidazole resistance and the eradication rate in metronidazole-resistant H. pylori strain was evaluated. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients were tested for metronidazole resistance using microdilution broth, the E test and disk diffusion method. Twenty-two patients were treated for 14 days with amoxicilline 2000 mg, metronidazole 750 mg, and tripotassium dicitrate bismuth 1200 mg. RESULTS: Metronida-zole resistance was 46% (31/68). The eradication rates for H. pylori was 91.7% in patients with metronidazole-sensistive strains and 70% in patients with metronidazole-resistant strains. CONCLUSIONS: Metronidazole resistance was high (46%) in Korea, however, triple therapy was an efficient method of eradicating H. pylori in both metronidazole sensitive and resistant strains.

A Case of Bleeding Duodenal Varices in a Patient with Idiopathic Portal Hypertension / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Bleeding duodenal varices are a rare complication in patients with portal hypertension. Cirrhosis followed by portal vein obstruction and splenic vein obstruction are the most common causes. Although the prognosis of bleeding duodenal varices is usually poor, an awareness of its characteristic presentation may enable diagnostic and therapeutic proce- dures to be performed rapidly with an increased likelihood of a reaching successful out- come. In this study, we report a case of bleeding duodenal varices in a 23-year-old woman with idiopathic portal hypertension who was also suffering with recurrent melena. Panendoscopy identified prominant tortuous varices with central erosion in the 3rd portion of the duodenum and no esophageal and gastric varices. The varices were successfully treated by distal splenorenal shunt.

A Case of a Congenital Web of the Common Bile Duct Treated with Balloon Dilatation / 대한소화기내시경학회지

The web of the common bile duct is an extremely rare anomaly and the cause of the obstructive jaundice. We experienced a case of the congenital web of common bile duct in a 42 years old male who complained of jaundice for 10 days prior to admission without choledocholithiasis and cholangitis. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a common bile duct web (transverse, diaphragmatic type) and the diagnosis was confirmed by an endoscopic forcep biopsy. We reported a case of the congenita1 web of the common bile duct which was treated with a stent insertion and balloon dilatation.