Comparison of tooth movement and biological response in corticotomy and micro-osteoperforation in rabbits / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE@#The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of tooth movement and histologic changes with different corticotomy designs and micro-osteoperforation in rabbits.@*METHODS@#The sample consisted of 24 rabbits divided into three experimental groups (triangular corticotomy [TC] and indentation corticotomy [IC] with flap, and flapless micro-osteoperforations [MP]) and a control. A traction force of 100 cN was applied by connecting the first premolars to the incisors. The amount of tooth movement was measured. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess differences in tooth movement between the groups. Micro-computed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP) analysis were performed. Analysis of variance was applied to assess differences in TRAP-positive osteoclast count between the groups.@*RESULTS@#The amount of tooth movement increased by 46.5% and 32.0% in the IC and MP groups, respectively, while the bone fraction analysis showed 69.7% and 8.5% less mineralization compared to the control. There were no significant intergroup differences in the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The micro-osteoperforation group showed no significant differences in the amount of tooth movement compared to the corticotomy groups, nor in the TRAP-positive osteoclast count compared to both corticotomy groups and control.

Synthesis of some hetaryl substituted benzofurans of potential antitumor activity

Acetyl-benzo [b] furan [1] reacts with DMF - DMA to give the novel 1-[benzofuran-2-yl]-3-[dimethylamino rpropen-2-one [2]. The reaction of the latter with hydroxylamim: or hydrazine hydrate furnished 5- [benzofuran-2-yl]-isoxazole [3] and 3-[benzofuran-2-yl]-1 H-pyrazole [4], respectively. Also. reaction of2 with various active methylene compounds and hydrazonoyl halides afforded regioselectively the respective 2,3.6- trisllbstituted pyridine [Sa-c] and [pyrazol-4-yl]methanones [10a-t]. respectively. Also. reaction of 10 with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding pyrazolopyriú:lazines [II a-c]. Preliminary screening for the antitumor activity of the synthtsized compounds against the liver carcinoma cell line HEPG-2 has been carried out. The results revealed that the compounds 3. 4 and 13b showed high degree of activity. while the other compounds showed low activity

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some substituted 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole and other heterocycles derived from 4, 5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl-thioacetic acid hydrazide

Anumber of substituted oxadiazoles, benzothiazinones and other heterocycles were synthesized from 4, 5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenylthioacetic acid hydrazide. The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed via their elemental analysis and the usual physical measurements. The prepared compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activities against examples from gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungi. Two of the tested compounds showed high activity comparable with the reference Levofloxacin while the others showed moderate to low activity

Effect of sublethal doses of cadmium on the disposition of zinc and copper elements and liver function in common carp [Cyprinus carpio L.]

The present study was carried out to determine the levels of Zn and Cu in various organs and tissues of common carp as well as hepatic asperatate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] activities under the effect of low and high doses of cadmium [Cd]. Common carp; Cyprinus carpio L. of an average weight 60-70 g were exposed to sublethal doses of cadmium sulfate [8.75 and 17.5 mg/L] under controlled laboratory conditions. Analyses of the studied fish were carried out at intervals of 7, 15 and 30 days of exposure. The obtained results revealed that, Zn level in liver did not exhibit significant variation in fish exposed to low dose at all exposure periods, while its level in muscle in fish exposed to high dose decreased significantly [P<0.01] after 7 days. On the 15[th] day, Zn level in plasma and kidneys was decreased significantly [P<0.01] in fish subjected to high dose of Cd. Decrease was also recorded in plasma, liver, kidneys and gills in fish exposed to high dose of Cd at the end of experiment. Moreover, Cu level in plasma was increased significantly [P<0.05] in fish after prolonged exposure to high dose of Cd, while hepatic Cu was decreased significantly in fish exposed to low dose of Cd after 30 days. On the 7[th] day, the Cu level in gills of fish exposed to the both doses of Cd was significantly decreased. On the 15[th] and the 30[th] day, Cu reduction was also recorded in kidneys in fish intoxicated with high dose of Cd. The AST activity increased significantly [P<0.01] in fish exposed to high dose of Cd on the 7[th] day, while on the 30[th] day hepatic ALT activity was decreased significantly [P<0.01] in fish exposed to high dose of Cd. On the other hand, the hepatosomatic index [HIS] did not exhibit significant changes

Autoimmunity and predictors of autoimmune diseases in the first degree relatives of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis [PBC] is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown cause that leads to destruction of intrahepatic ducts leading to ductopenia, fibrosis and ultimate biliary cirrhosis. Autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases were reported in family members of PBC patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of biochemical and immunological abnormalities and autoimmune diseases in first degree relatives [FDR] of patients with PBC. This study included: [1] A female [45 years old] patient diagnosed as having PBC, [2] Five FDR [3 females and 2 males] and [3] Fifteen blood donors [3 females and 12 males] were taken as a control group. Blood samples were taken from all subjects for the detection of nitric oxide [NO], transaminases [AST and ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total protein and albumin by colorimetric methods. Indirect immunofluorescent techniques were used for the detection of anti-nuclear antibodies [ANA], anti-smooth muscle antibodies [ASMA], anti-actin antibodies [AAA], anti-liver/kidney microsomes antibodies [LKM-I] and anti-mitochondrial antibodies [AMA]. Serum IgM was detected by radial immunodiffusion. Anti-SSA, anti-SSB and IgM rheumatoid factor [IgM RF] were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Our PBC patient had a marked increase serum ALP level and a mild elevation in transminases. After treatment, serum ALP level dropped markedly [but still elevated] while the transaminases did not show a remarkable change. A marked elevation was noted in the serum levels of total globulins before and after treatment. A detectable decrease in the level of serum IgM was found after treatment. NO level of our patient was elevated [7 micro moI/L] at presentation while after treatment the level of NO returned to the normal level. AMA titer of our patient was 1/20 which considered a low titer. ANA titer was the same [1/40] before and after treatment. HCV antibodies, HBsAgs and other autoantibodies were absent before and after treatment. The titer of ASMA dropped from 1/160 to 1/40 after treatment. The pattern of these ASMA was the Vessels [V] pattern. In the FDR, the level of NO was elevated in sister-2, son-1 and the daughter. The AST ALT, ALP, total protein and albumin were normal in all subjects. Serum total globulins and IgM were elevated in sister-1, sister -2 and son-1. The ANA titer was 1/40 with a speckled pattern in all FDR. AAA, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, AMA, HBs Ag were negative in all FDR with the exception of sister-2 while had a positive anti-SSB. The ASMA were positive with the same pattern with varying titers. HCV antibodies were positive only in son-1 while was also the only FDR- to have autoantibodies to LKM-1. Sister-1 and sister-2 were diagnosed as a seropositive rheumatoid arthritis [RA] about 2 and 2.5 years after the development of PBC in our patient. The 15 blood donors showed a normal results except subjects 6 and 11 who had ASMA with a titer of 1/20 and subject 7 who had a positive ANA [titer l/40]. An autoimmune disease [RA] developed in two sisters of the PBC patient. Predictors of autoimmune diseases like elevated NO, LKM-1 and SSB antibodies are common in the FDR of a patient with PBC. Follow up of such subjects with these autoimmune predictors is recommended

Anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in IgM rheumatoid factor positive patients: a new insight

The presence of IgM rheumatoid factor [IgM RF] is one of the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis [RA]. The cutoff point of IgM RF assays is usually based on a reference level obtained from normal subjects in the same population as the patients. However, raising the cutoff values increases the specificity of RF testing. The present study was undertaken to investigate this observation with the help of anti cyclic citrullinated peptide [CCP] antibodies to be of potential diagnostic value. Seventy six patients were chosen with arthritis and IgM RF titers > 20 units/ml. Subsequently, patients were classified according to their IgM RF titers: patients with titers 40 units/ml [group B] and patients [selected from group B] with titers >120 units/ml [group C]. Twenty one RA patients with IgM RF negative and positive anti CCP antibodies were also included in this study. In all serum samples, IgM RF, anti CCP, hepatitis C virus antibodies [HCV], anti-Smith and anti-ribonucleoprotein [anti-RNP] antibodies were determined by ELISA. PCR analysis was performed for all patients with positive HCV antibodies. Antinuclear antibodies [ANA] and anti-dsDNA were determined by indirect immunofluorescence. In patients of groups A, B and C, RA was detected in 28.6, 80.5 and 83.3% of all patients, respectively. Anti CCP antibodies detected RA in 22.85, 75.6 and 77.8% of all patients in groups A, B and C, respectively. IgM RF positive non RA patients were diagnosed in 71.4, 19.5 and 16.7% among all patients included in group A, B and C, respectively. In group A, anti CCP antibodies correctly classified 24/25 [96%] of patients with false positive IgM RF as non RA patients, they were positive in only one patient with rhupus. Anti CCP antibodies were positive in 2.8, 4.9 and 11.1% in non RA patients among all patients in group A, B and C, respectively. Anti CCP antibodies were present in 80, 93.9 and 93.3% of RA patients in groups A, B and C, respectively. The overall presence of anti CCP in seropositive RA patients was 90.6%. Kappa statistics showed an excellent agreement between IgM RF and anti CCP for the serodiagnosis of RA. Among the non RA patients of group A, it was found that 9/25 [36%] of patients diagnosed as having HCV infection. Anti CCP antibodies were negative in all HCV patients. Low positive titers of anti CCP antibodies were more prevalent [76.2%] in patients with seronegative RA than in patients with seropositive RA [17.9%]. Results demonstrated that: [1] anti CCP antibodies correctly classified about 24/25 [96%] of patients with false positive IgM RF [< 40 units/ml] as non RA, [2] high titers of IgM RF [>120 units/ml] are of similar high specificity to anti CCP antibodies and [3] anti CCP antibodies are able to differentiate between patients with HCV infection associated with arthritis and patients with RA

Toxicity assays applied to wastewater of 10[th] of Ramadan industrial city, Egypt

The toxic impact of wastewater of 10[th] of Ramadan industrial city [Egypt] on the receiving water body was investigated. Both algal and fish bioassay procedures were applied to the raw and treated wastewaters. In case of raw wastewater the EC50 [96 hours] for the green algae [Scenedesmus obliquus], the diatoms [Nitzschia linearis] and blue green algae [Oscillatoria limnetica] amounted to 29%, 36% and 41%, respectively. In case of Tilapia fish [Oreochromis niloticus]; the LC50 [96 hours] amounted to 13.9%. Treated wastewater did not show toxic effects on algal cultures or Nile Tilapia fish. Exposure of the fish to the raw wastewater induced an increase in the serum content of glucose, AST, ALT activities, creatinine and uric acid compared to the control

Role of deliberate creation of control enterocutaneous fistula in patients of abdominal tuberculosis with perforation of small bowel and matted small intestine

To study the results after forming the controlled enterocutaneous fistula in the patient of abdominal tuberculosis with matted and perforated small bowel. Design, place and duration of study This study based on therapeutic trial and conducted in one and half years from january1999 to june2001 at Mayo Hospital, Lahore. All these 20 patients either operated in emergency or on elective list were malnourished, toxic and their operative findings were almost the same, these patients had extensively matted, friable and perforated gut. In these patients it was technically not possible to perform some definite procedure like right haemecolectomy or ileostomy with out increasing the morbidity or mortality. Under these circumstances, minimal surgical procedure which can be life saving is to oppose the anterior abdominal wall to the perforation and thus create a controlled enterocutaneous fistula. In 11 patients fistula closed on its own and in eight patients fistula remained patient and needed re-exploration and repair. This new method of treatment has yielded excellent results. We were able to cure the disease with no mortality. It is recommended that in cases of TB peritonitis with perforation and matted gut making of a controlled enterocutaneous fistula saves the life of the patient

Chemical composition of urinary stones in Rahim Yar Khan and adjacent districts of Sindh and Baluchistan

To find out the constituents of the urinary stones, so that preventive measures would be taken against recurrence. A total No. of 200 consecutive patients with upper urinary tract calculi, that were operated in the urology and general surgical wards of Sh. Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan were included in the study. In addition to Rahim Yar Khan the patients also came from adjacent districts of Sindh and Baluchistan. Qualitative Chemical analysis was carried out using Merchognost [Germany] urinary calculi analysis kit. All the tests were performed according to the instruction of manufacturers of the kit. Stone samples were collected from 200 patients, out of these 138 [69%] were male and 62 [31%] of patients were female with male to female ratio 2.2:1 age range was between 9-72 years. Results of stone analysis indicate that calcium oxalate is the most common ingredient found in 100% of the stone samples. In 83% of patients it was found mixed with other varieties of stones while in 17% samples it was seen in pure form. Uric acid was the second most common ingredient seen in 73% of patients mixe d with calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate but it was not found as pure form. Magnesium Ammonium phosphate found in 13% of stones samples in mixed form only, not as isolated stone

Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], p53 and Ki-67 in major salivary glands tumors: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study

The parotid gland is the most common site for the uncommon salivary glands tumors. However the immunohistochemical characteristics of the salivary gland tumors, regarding expression of proliferating cell antigens and oncogenes, in relation to their clinical behavior have not been fully clarified. These may provide predictive quantitative measures for the prognosis of salivary neoplasms and may assess in their management. The aim of this study was to detect the immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFr], ki-67 proliferating cell antigen and p53 concoprotein in major salivary glands tumors and also to study the relation between these markers expression and the clinicopathological parameters of these tumors focusing on prognostic factors and tumor differentiation. Thus twelve patients with primary tumors of their major salivary glands were included in this study. They were seven men and five women and ranged in age between 32 to 67 years [mean age=51.7 years]. All patients were treated surgically by complete excision of their masses after preoperative investigations including computed tomographic [CT] scan and fine-needle aspiration biopsy [FNAB] and followed up clinically postoperatively for a period ranging from 11 to 48 months [average =33 months]. The tumor size ranged between 15 and 55 mm [average = 31.2 mm]. The clinicopathologic features and the immunohistochemical expression of EGFr, p53 and ki-67 detected with monoclonal antibodies in these cases were analyzed. The results revealed that 6 cases [50%] showed grade-1 of differentiation while the other 3 cases [75%] were grade-II. None of these cases had cellular pleomorphism, vascular or neural invasion, recurrence, lymph modes or distant metastasis. [5 cut of 6 cases. 83.3%] and in all ALs and MECs with no significant differential expression in the various salivary gland tumors. However, p53 and ki-67 expressions were negative in almost all benign cases [PAs and Als] and positive in all MECs but with no significant difference between grade-1 and grade-II cases. Also, no significant association was found between any of these cell markers and the evaluated clinicopathologic parameters of these tumors regarding tumor location, size, aggressiveness, recurrences, lymh nodes or distant metastasis. In conclusions, there was a high prevalence of EGFr expression in primary salivary glands tumors [either benign or malignant with no significant difference]. However, p53 seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of MECs but not in Pas or Als. Also, the highly significant difference in expression of p53 and ki-67 biomarkers between the benign and the low-grade malignant tumors of the major salivary glands can help to distinguish between them, although they may have similarities in their clinicopatholoogic features

Frequency of benign breast diseases in female patients presenting with breast lumps - a study at sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore

To determine the frequency of benign breast diseases in female patients in our setup. Prospective descriptive study. The study was carried on female patients presenting at surgical out door of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during one year i.e. January 2001 to January 2002. Two hundred female patients presenting with breast lumps at surgical out door of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during one year were studied. All the patients were examined clinically with special emphasis on breast, axilla and supra clavicular fossae. Basic laboratory investigations including blood complete examination, urine complete examination and chest X -ray were done for all the patients. Breast imaging and FNAC of lumps were also done. Final diagnosis was based upon histological examination of the tissues biopsied from the lump. After collecting data, written in proforma, window SPSS software was used to analyze the results. This study shows a high f requency of fibroadenoma [45%] in Pakistani females. Fibrocystic disease is second in frequency and accounts for 36% patients.8% patients had intraductal papilloma and three percent suffered from duct ectasia.5% patients had other conditions related to breast including two patients presenting with pre histological diagnosis of fibrocystic disease who turned out to be malignant after histopathology. Most of the patients had age range of 20-29 years. Fibroadenoma is the commonest of all benign breast diseases in Pakistani women. Fibrocystic change is the second in this regard. Benign lesions of the breast can resemble its carcinoma on clinical examination

Evaluation of parasep [faecal parasite concentrator] for detection of Giardia lamblia in faeces

This study was carried on 168 patients suspected to be infected with Giardia lamblia. They were all subjected to direct stool microscopic examination, formol-ether concentration and by Parasep [fecal parasite concentrator]. The results showed that 14.3% of the patients were positive for giardiasis by Parasep 10.7 were positive for giardiasis by formol-ether concentration and 5.35% of the cases were positive by direct stool microscopic examination. The results showed that the use of Parasep is an effective and convenient mean for the detection of G. lamblia cysts in feces with the disadvantage of highly cost-benefit taking into consideration that the microscopic examination is the gold standard of giardiasis

Study of some prognostic factors in patients with aggressive non-hodgkin's lymphoma

The aim of this work was to study the serum level of soluble CD25 [sCD25], CD44 [sCD44] and [sCD95] as prognostic factors in the assessment of response to standard treatment protocols in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL]]. Also, to correlate them with the known adverse prognostic markers of the disease. Twenty five patients with newly-diagnosed untreated aggressive NHL [REAL/WHO] and ten healthy age and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. The age of the patients ranged between 34 and 60 years with a mean of 48.6 +/- 8.1 years and the male to female ratio was 1.3:1. At presentation and just before administration of the fifth cycle of conventional CHOP regimen, all patients were subjected to: full history taking, through clinical examination, complete blood count [CBC], bone marrow aspiration/trephine biopsy, biochemical profile, activity markers assessment [erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], serum lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and beta-2 microglobulin [beta-2M]], imaging studies and estimation of serum sCD25, sCD44, and sCD95 by ELISA technique. The mean values of the three biological factors were significantly higher in pre-treatment samples as compared to the controls. However, there was a significant reduction in the mean values in the follow-up samples compared to the pre-treatment mean values. Patients who achieved complete response [CR] [48%] showed significantly lower mean values of sCD25, sCD44, and sCD95 than non-CR patients [32% with partial response [PR], and 20% with no response [NR]], both before and after therapy. Also, there were significant positive correlations between each of sCD25, sCD44, and sCD95 and other known adverse prognostic features such as age, advanced Ann Arbor stage, higher risk groups of age-adjusted International Prognostic Index [IPI], ESR, LDH, and beta-2M. Again, sCD25, sCD44, and sCD95 correlated positively with each other, Multivariate regression analysis showed that sCD25 [p<0.001], sCD44 [p<0.001], and sCD95 [p = 0.002] turned out to have independent prognostic value. Moreover, we could demonstrate cut off levels for the three biological markers; all patients presenting with values equal to or below these levels achieved CR [2325 pg/ml for sCD25, 540 ng/ml for sCD44, and 8650 pg/ml for sCD95]. In conclusion, the serum sCD25, sCD44, and sCD95 are independent prognostic factors that could predict disease outcome and response to standard CHOP regimen in patients with aggressive NHL. Measurement of these factors at diagnosis may improve prognostic factors models and serve as targets for therapy leading to better cure rate and reducing unnecessary toxicity

Study of the deleterious effect of varicocele on both testicular volume and consistency matched with spermiogram and FSH

Male subfertility is a very common health problem facing urologist, dermatologist and general surgeons every now and then. In addition to its importance as a health problem, it presents also a big social problem hence the great deal for early detection and treatment. Varicocele is a common treatable cause of male subfertility. It is more frequent and larger in taller men and usually first appear at the time of puberty [1]. Testes associated with large varicoceles are smaller and may be soft with more severe disturbances of spermatogenesis [2]. Men with varicoceles have poorer semen quality than those without varicoceles indicating adverse effects of varicocele on testis [3]. In this study we investigate 32 infertile patients with different grades of varicocele for evaluation of the effect of varicocele on testicular volume, consistency and seminogram the results showed epsilateral reduction of testicular volume and consistency plus poor seminogram parameters. Another 10 normal fertile volunteers were subjected to the same investigation and showed significant difference between both groups as regards to testicular volume, consistency and seminogram variables

Evaluation of p53, bcl-2 Proteins and DNA Ploidy in Squamous and Transitional Cell Carcinomas of Urinary Bladder

The study covered 33 urinary bladder carcinoma cases, where mutated p53 nuclear protein and bcl-2 gene products were evaluated. Image analysis proved the correlation between genopathologic alterations and DNA ploidy. Immunohistochemistiy technique and Feulgen stain methods were applied to paraffin embedded tissue sections. Squamous cell carcinoma [Squ.C.C.] was diagnosed in 19 biopsies and transitional cell carcinoma [T.C.C.] in 14 biopsies. In Squ.C.C group, 10 cases [52.6%] demonstrated nuclear accumulation of mutated p53 protein with significant correlation to the advanced stage and high grade tumors [p=0.03 and 0.0001, respectively]. On the contrary, cytoplasmic expression of bcl-2 was detected in 7 cases [36.8%]. Dual expression of both biomarkers was observed in 2 cases. In T.C.C group, a single case [7.1%] was positive for p53 nuclear reactivity and S cases [35.7%] demonstrated bcl-2 cytoplasmic expression. In both groups, all p53 positive carcinomas comprised significant correlation to aneuploid histograms of DNA distribution patterns. However, 11 out of 12 bcl-2 positive cases [91.6%] demonstrated poliferative diploid histograms with a wide S-phase. It was concluded that, p53 was significantly expressed in Squ C.C. versus T.C.C. and was associated with advanced stage, high grade and aneuploid DNA. On the other hand, bcl-2 expression displayed insignificant difference in both groups of tumor

Influence of different calcium and boron salts on cell wall degradation of melon plants caused by erwinia carotovora var. carotovora

The effect of different 10-6-103 M calcium nitrate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium hypophosphate or calcium carbonate as well as 10-100 ppm sodium tetraborate on the activity of cellulase, pectinase, cell wall degrading enzymes and proteases was studied applying the colorimetric methods of assay. The results showed that raising the salts concentration was accompanied by a concomitant reduction in the activity of such enzymes. Furthermore, calcium nitrate, calcium sulfate and calcium hypophosphate were more effective inhibitors than the other test salts. In the meantime, using mixtures of calcium salts and sodium tetraborate revealed that borate + calcium nitrate or borate + calcium sulfate were more effective than the other mixtures