lmmunohistochmistry Study of Collagen IV Changes in Glomerular Basement Memebrane During Fetal and Postnatal Periods of Balb/cMice

In this investigation specific antibody type IV collagen has been used in light microscopy to study development of BMG of the embryonic and postnatal mouse glomerular mesangium. 20 female Balh/C mice were selected randomly and were kept under normal condition, finding vaginal plug was assumed as day zero of pregnancy. 12 pregnant mice were scarified by cervical dislocation in one of gestational days 13-18 and their fetuses were fixed, strially sectioned and iiiimunohistochemistry study for tracing of collagen type IV in BMG was carried out. The same processes were used for kidneys preparation on 5, 10, 15 and 20 postnatal days newborns of 2 mothers for each day. This study indicated that Collagen IV showed weak reaction on day 15 of gestittion. The amount of collagen increased continuously until next days of fetal life and primary of 10 days postnatal in BMG after this Period, collagen IV reaction was not showed significant change in newborns. These data indicate that collagen IV appear just during the glomerular vasculogenesis and because of continuity with vasculature which is required for glomerular endothelial cell differentiation type IV collagen, is the majour structure protein in BMG implicated in these processes

[Study of expression type IV collagen during mouse kidney ubulogenesis in Balb/c mouse]

In this study specific antibody have been used for tracing type IV collagen basement membrane during renal tubules morphogenesis in mouse fetuses. 20 female Balb/C mice were selected randomly and were kept under normal condition, finding vaginal plug was assumed as day zero of pregnancy. 12 pregnant mice were sacrified by cervical dislocation in one of gestational days 13-18 and their fetuses were fixed, serially sectioned and immunohistochemistry study for tracing of collagen type IV in BMG was carried out. The same processes were used for kidneys preparation on 5, 10, 15 and 20 postnatal days newborns of 2 mothers for each day. Based on our data, Collagen IV showed weak reaction on day 14 of gestation in tubular BM. The amount of collagen increased continuously until next days of fetal life and primary of 5 days postnatal in BM. After this period, collagen IV reaction was not showed significant change in newborns. These results indicate that developmental changes in various nephron segments from most immature stages to most differentiated structures are dependent to the type IV collagen expression

[ case report ofhydatid cyst of pancreas]

Hydatid disease is caused by the Echinococcus Granulosus. On occasion man is an intermediate host in whom the disease is manifested by the presence of one or more hydatid cysts, usually asymptomatic. In this case it was presented as a pancreatic cyst, and discovered on idtrasonography and CT scan as pseudo cyst and after successfully operation hydatid cyst of pancreas was definite diagnosis

[Case report of sciatic nerve variation]

Sciatic is the thickest nerve of the body with three quarter of an inch. It is forms from L4, L5, S1, S2 and S3 of spinal nerves as a part plexus in pelvis. It leaves the pelvis via great sciatic foramen, and aises in gluteal region in infra piriformis fossa. Then passes between great trochanter and ischial tuberosity and arrives to the posterior surface of thigh. At the level of superior angle of pobliteal fossa, it divides into two common, proneal and tibial branches. Muscular injection in upper lateral part of glutted region is performed within gluteus medius and minimus muscles. The former is carried out with a considerable distance to avoid any harm to sciatic nerve. However this variation that includes two parts of sciatic nerve passes throw the supra and infra piriformis fossa is an important one. The later variation induces proximity between nerve and injection site, particularly in neo natales, furthermore, recognition of such variation helps in identification of piriformin syndrome. This type of variation is regarded as one of the rarest type of variation, and has not between referred to in many anatomical dictionaries

[ impact of Gluconate calcium on hypocalcaemia after blood exchange in hyperbilirubinemia newborns]

Background: blood exchange is one of therapeutic methods for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. But this method has some complications. One of these complications is hypocalcemia. In some studies, for avoiding from this problem, calcium gluconate injection is recomm ended. But in some studies there was any important difference between calcium treated group and the group without calcium prescription. Due to lack of documented evidences about prevalence of this complication, this study was conducted to compare the result of using calcium gluconate injection in the incidence of hypocalcemia and hyper calcemia

Methods and materials: for this purpose in a randomized controlled clinical trial in Ali_ Asghar pediatric hospital in Zahedan, 40 hyper bilirubin neonates that were hospitalized for blood exchange came into this study. These patients were randomized in two groups so that they were adjusted in terms and preterm delivery. For 22 patients, I ml of calcium glucdnate%10 was injected in each I 00 ml exchanged blood and for 18 patients [control group], calcium injection wasn't been done. Calcium serum level was tested before, immediately after and 6 hours after blood exchange in all patients. Data analysis was been done by means of fisher's exact test, Chi_ Square and Binomial test

Results: in calcium treated patients, hypocalcaemia wasn't being present after blood exchange. But in no calcium treated patients hypo calcemia was seen in 4 cases [%22.4] after blood exchange [P < 0.013]. All of these 4 cases were preterm. In calcium treated patients hypocalcaemia had a significant increase after exchange especially in term neonates [P < 0.028]

Conclusions: on the base of these results, in preterm neonates, calcium gluconate injection after blood transfusion exchange is recommended. But this procedure isn't necessary in term newborns because may result in hyper calcemia