Red-pink colony-producing Pseudomonas sp. is the causative agent of mass mortality in larvae and post-larvae of Litopenaeus vannamei raised in hatcheries in south Iran

This study aimed to identify the causative of the mass mortality observed in zoeal to post-larval shrimp raised in hatcheries in south Iran. For three consecutive months, samples of nauplii and zoea of Litopenaeus vannamei were collected from an affected hatchery located in the province of Bushehr. Upon culture on marine agar, bacterial colonies that produced white, orange, yellow and red pigments were identified. In the hatcheries in which mass mortality was observed, the water columns of the affected tanks exhibited a red-pink color. Therefore, the bacteria that produced red pigment were selected for further phenotypic characterization using polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and virulence bioassays. Our results indicate that this bacterium belonged the genus Pseudomonas and that it was identical to P. mesophilica and/ anguilliseptica. PCR analysis of this bacterium revealed the production of a 150-bp band that was consistent with the Pseudomonas genus. To determine the pathogenicity of the isolated bacteria in nauplii and post-larvae of L vannamei, we performed bioassay experiments by bath immersion at 27-28°C. Our results showed that culture of nauplii and post-larvae of L. vannamei with the bacteria at a concentration of 1.5-2.0[x] 10[5] CFU/mL in marine broth resulted in a 100% mortality rate 24-48 h post-challenge. In contrast, there was no mortality in the nauplii and post-larvae that were cultured in the absence of bacteria. Upon pathological examination, we found that the color of the larvae was abnormal and pink, with acute necrosis of the entire body 48 h post-challenge

[Succinylcholine-induced fasciculation prevention, with lidocaine]

Succinylcholine is a depolarizing muscular relaxant with rapid onset and short-acting effect. It is of considerable usage in emergency conditions and short - term surgeries; but has several side effects, a great deal of which will be reduced by prevention of fasciculation. This clinical - trial stady was done in the year 2006 In Ear, Nose, Throat department of Imam Reza Hospital.40 patients with ASA ? and ENT operations categorized randomly into two similar groups. Control group recieved sufentanyl 0.2 mg/kg, propofol 2.5 micro g/kg and succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg. In case group lidocaine 1mg/kg and after 1 min succinycholine was administered. Incidence and severity of fasciculation and quality of intubation were evaluated. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, T - test, X - square, valis, and X[2]. Demographic parameters were not different significantly according X[2] test. There was significant difference regarding the incidence of fasciculation but there was no significant difference with respect to the intensity of fasciculation and quality of intubation. This study showed that lidocaine 1mg/kg before induction decreases succinylcholine-induced fasciculation