RESUMEN
Background: canine parvovirus [CPV] has been incriminated as a primary pathogen related to acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. Three major antigenic variants of CPV [CPV-2a/2b/2c] have so far been identified
Objectives: this study was carried out to investigate the frequency of CPV-2 and its variants [CPV-2a/2b/2c] in a population of healthy and diarrheic dogs in the northwest of Iran
Methods: a total of 35 stool samples from healthy [n=16] and diarrheic [n=19] dogs were screened for all variants [2a, 2b, and 2c] by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] using primer pair 555for/555rev resulting in a PCR product of 583 bp in length. The resulting fragments were further digested by MboII endonuclease that selectively recognizes the restriction site "GAAGA" unique to CPV2c only. All undigested samples were subjected to PCR assays with primer pair Pab [which detects both CPV-2a and CPV-2b types] and primer pair Pb [which detects only CPV-2b type] primer pairs. The relationship of health status, breed, age, and sex and vaccination status with PCR results was analyzed using statistical tests
Results: from a total of 35 samples, 10 samples were found to be positive by 555for/555rev primers that were further analyzed by MboII digestion of PCR products. One sample was characterized as CPV-2c and nine samples were categorized as CPV-2a or CPV-2b. All nine undigested samples resulted positive by PCR using Pab primers, out of which 7 resulted positive by PCR using Pb primer pairs, indicating that they are of CPV-2b variant
Conclusions: it seems that CPV-2b is prevalent variant circulating in the northwest of Iran. Results also indicated that CPV-2a and CPV-2c are affecting dogs, which suggests constant surveillance and monitoring of CPV variants
RESUMEN
There is a growing concern on the impact of the presence of extended-spectrum p-lactamase [ESBL] producing Escherichia coli isolated from animals on public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of three classes of ESBL genes in E. coli isolates from sheep and broilers at a slaughter in Urmia region, Iran. A total of 111 E. coli isolates were obtained from sheep [n=55] and broilers [n=56] fecal samples and the presence of bla[JEM] bla[JEM] and bla[MV] genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. In general, 32 of [TEM],and l7Wfl[CTXM] plus these isolates carried 6/a[CTXM], 16 bla.6/a[TEM]. None of the isolates tested was positive for the bla[SHV] gene. Among the 55 isolates from sheep, 33 [60%] contained one or more ESBL encoding gene; 15 [27.2%], 10 [18.2%], and 8 [14.5%] isolates were positive for bla[CTXM], bla[TEM], and 6/a[CTXM]+6/a[TEM], respectively. Among the 56 isolates from broilers, 32 [57.1%] isolates carried at least one ESBL encoding gene; 17 [30.4%] and 6 [10.7%] isolates were positive for bla[CTXM] and bla[TEM] genes, respectively, and the bla[CTXM]+ bla[TEM] was identified in nine isolates [16.1%]. This study demonstrated that sheep and broiler feces may be a reservoir of E. coli harboring ESBLs genes, with CTX-M being the predominant p-lactamase type. This may pose a public health risk, which requires future evaluation and control
RESUMEN
Beta-lactamase enzymes are considered the most important factor of resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics among gram-negative bacteria. In recent years, the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases has been prevailed among bacteria, especially bacteria of animal origin, and this is important in terms of public health. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of extended-spectrum beta- lactamase [ESBL]-genes blaCTX-M, blaTEMand blaSHVin E. coli isolates recovered from fecal samples of apparently healthy water buffaloes [Bubalus bubalis] using polymerase chain reaction. In this study, 105 isolates of E. coli, which were obtained from 135 fecal samples of water buffaloes from different areas of West Azerbaijan province [33 isolates from Urmia, 33 isolates from Khoy, 24 isolates from Piranshahr and 15 isolates from Miandoab], were identified using biochemical characteristics as well as 23S rRNA gene amplification. Then, the presence of CTX-M, TEM, and SHVgroups of ESBLgenes were evaluated among the studied E. coli isolates by the PCR method. In the studied isolates, 47 out of 105 E. coli isolates [44.8%] contained blaCTX-M gene and 37 isolates [35.2%] harbored blaTEM gene. Also, 17 isolates [16.2%] contained both blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes simultaneously. According to the results, blaSHV gene was not detected among the studied isolates. Also, no significant difference was seen in distribution of ESBL genes among the studied regions. The results of this study indicate that water Buffalo gastrointestinal E. coli is reservoir for ESBLs, especially CTX-M and TEM types, and this should be considered in terms of public health and the transfer of resistance genes to pathogenic bacteria