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Objective@#To explore the effects of short-term exposure to four air pollutants, namely fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3), on death and years of life lost (YLL).@*Methods@#Air pollutants and meteorological data in Jindong District and Wucheng District of Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2021 were collected through Jinhua Environmental Monitoring Center and Jinhua Meteorological Bureau. Death data of residents during the same period was collected through Zhejiang Province Chronic Disease Monitoring Information Management System. The effects of short-term exposure to four air pollutants on death and YLL were analyzed using a generalized additive model.@*Results@#The results of single-pollutant model analysis showed that the lagged effect of short-term exposure to PM2.5 on death and YLL was the largest at cumulative lags of 2 days, with effect size of 1.064% (95%CI: 0.450%-1.682%) and 2.084 (95%CI: 1.003-3.165) person-years, respectively; the effect of short-term exposure to SO2 on YLL was the largest on the same day, with an effect size of 2.432 (95%CI: 0.610-4.254) person-years; short-term exposure to NO2 and O3 had no statistically significant effects on death and YLL (both P>0.05). The results of gender- and age-stratified analysis showed that short-term exposure to PM2.5 had significant lagged effects on death and YLL among females and residents aged 65 years and above at cumulative lags of 2 days; short-term exposure to SO2 had significant effects on YLL among females and residents aged 65 years and above on the same day (both P<0.05). The results of dual-pollutant model analysis showed that after the inclusion of NO2 in PM2.5 and SO2, the effects on death and YLL were statistically significant, with the effect size being higher compared to the single-pollutant model; after the inclusion of SO2 or O3 in PM2.5, the effects on death and YLL were statistically significant, with the effect size being lower compared to the single-pollutant model (all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Short-term exposure to PM2.5 may increase the risk of death and YLL, and short-term exposure to SO2 may increase the risk of YLL among residents, with more significant impacts on female and residents aged 65 years and above.
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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in neck and shoulder among workers in pharmaceutical and chemical enterprises, so as to provide the basis for prevention of WMSDs.@*Methods@#Workers in 8 pharmaceutical and chemical enterprises in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from July to October 2023 were sampled using a stratified random sampling method, and demography, work conditions and WMSDs prevalence were collected using questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting WMSDs in neck and shoulder were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 1 343 workers were surveyed, including 496 males (36.93%) and 847 females (63.07%). The mean age of workers was 38 (15) years, and the length of service in current posts was 6 (8) years. There were 356 workers with WMSDs (26.51%), with 206 workers with neck WMSDs (15.34%) and 167 workers with shoulder WMSDs (12.43%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (female, OR=1.692, 95%CI: 1.203-2.381), sufficient rest time (OR=0.660, 95%CI: 0.471-0.926) and maintaining same neck posture for a long time (OR=1.690, 95%CI: 1.148-2.510) were factors affecting neck WMSDs; gender (female, OR=1.572, 95%CI: 1.060-2.311), sufficient rest time (OR=0.619, 95%CI: 0.422-0.906), repetitive daily work (OR=1.678, 95%CI: 1.064-2.647), uncomfortable work posture (OR=3.791, 95%CI: 1.330-10.803), multiple repetitive movements per minute (OR: 1.988-2.413, 95%CI: 1.060-4.161) and maintaining same neck posture for a long time (OR=1.926, 95%CI: 1.218-3.043) were factors affecting shoulder WMSDs.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of WMSDs in neck and shoulder are high among workers in pharmaceutical and chemical enterprises in Jinhua City, and mainly affected by gender, rest time and adverse ergonomics.
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Objective@#To investigate the quality of life among patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into improving the quality of life among patients with occupational pneumoconiosis.@*Methods@#Patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in Jinhua City from 2009 to 2021 were retrieved from the National Occupational Disease and Health Risk Factors Monitoring Information System. Participants' demographics, diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, stage of pneumoconiosis, pulmonary function and medical expense were collected through questionnaire surveys, and the quality of life was measured using a Chinese version of the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The quality of life was descriptively analyzed among patients with occupational pneumoconiosis by disease stage, pulmonary function, expense for disease diagnosis and treatment and educational level. @*Results@#A total of 244 patients with occupational pneumoconiosis were enrolled, including 225 men (92.21%). The participants had a mean age of (75.20±9.42) years, and mean duration from dust contact to pneumoconiosis onset of (13.11±9.89) years. The scores for physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health were (64.03±31.22), (45.14±44.22), (56.34±26.60), (40.80±19.80), (59.14±17.35), (68.41±19.67), (47.03±44.08) and (61.15±17.06) points among patients with occupational pneumoconiosis, which were all lower than the national constant (P<0.05). Lower scores were measured for physical functioning [(31.17±23.40) points], bodily pain [(45.21±19.50) points] and vitality [(47.00±20.70) points] among patients with stage Ⅲ occupational pneumoconiosis, for physical functioning [(32.27±24.24) points], role-physical [(12.88±30.70) points], bodily pain [(37.44±20.43) points], general health [(14.76±17.17) points], vitality [(38.79±19.33) points], social functioning [(53.33±17.08) points], role-emotional [(9.09±26.71) points], and mental health [(53.21±17.25) points] among occupational pneumoconiosis patients with severe pulmonary function damages, and for physical functioning [(30.97±27.40) points], bodily pain [(37.77±24.34) points], general health [(19.10±18.62) points], vitality [(38.39±23.78) points], social functioning [(55.89±21.00) points] and mental health [(55.35±20.35) points] among occupational pneumoconiosis patients that had personal payments for pneumoconiosis diagnosis and treatment expenses exceeding 30% of annual household incomes, while higher scores were measured for physical functioning [(66.36±17.33) points] and role-physical [(59.09±45.10) points] among occupational pneumoconiosis patients with an educational level of high school and above (all P<0.05). @*Conclusions @#The quality of life was low among occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Jinhua City from 2009 to 2021. Stage of pneumoconiosis, pulmonary function, medical expenses and educational level were identified as factors affecting the quality of life among occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Jinhua City.
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Objective@# To investigate the disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis from 2009 to 2021 in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into formulating occupational pneumoconiosis prevention and control measures.@*Methods@#Data on occupational pneumoconiosis in Jinhua City from 2009 to 2021 were collected through Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Monitoring Information System including demographic characteristics, disability level, age, pneumoconiosis type and stage, and analyzed years live dwith disability (YLD), years of life lost (YLL) and disability adjusted life years (DALY) by different genders, pneumoconiosis stages, pneumoconiosis types, ages and disability levels. @*Results@#A total of 244 occupational pneumoconiosis cases were diagnosed in Jinhua City from 2009 to 2021, of which 225 cases were male, accounting for 92.21%. The median age of onset was 44.50 (interquartile range, 23.00) years. There were 229 deaths, with a median age of 78.00 (interquartile range, 13.00) years. The DALY was 3 791.88 person-years, YLD was 2 428.21 person-years (64.04%) and YLL was 1 363.67 person-years (35.96%). The YLD was 3 647.8 person-years in men, which was higher than 144.08 person-years in women (P<0.05). The YLD of asbestosis cases was lower than that of silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis and other pneumoconiosis (P<0.05). The YLL was not statistically significant in the stage and type of occupational pneumoconiosis (P>0.05). The YLD was higher among cases at ages of less than 40 years, and lower among cases at ages of 60 to 69 years and 70 years and over (P<0.05); the YLL was lower among cases at ages of 70 years and over (P<0.05). The cases with second/third level of disability had the highest YLD, followed by the cases with fourth/fifth level of disability, and the cases with sixth/seventh level of disability had the lowest YLD (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis in Jinhua City from 2009 to 2021 is mainly induced by disability, and the disease burden caused by silicosis is the highest. With the progress of pneumoconiosis stages and disability levels, the life loss continues to increase.