Prevalence of dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity and their associations with cardiovascular disease risk factors in peritoneal dialysis patients

BACKGROUND: Dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in nonuremic patients. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity and their associations with CVD risk factors in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. METHODS: All eligible PD patients in Tehran peritoneal dialysis centers were included in this cross-sectional study. Skeletal muscle mass and fat mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle strength and physical performance were determined using hand grip strength and a 4-meter walk gait speed test, respectively. In addition, a 5-mL blood sample was obtained from each patient. RESULTS: The prevalence of dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity were 11.4% and 3.8% in PD patients, respectively. Serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in PD patients with dynapenic obesity than in dynapenic nonobese and nondynapenic nonobese patients. Similarly, serum concentrations of CVD risk factors in PD patients with sarcopenic obesity were higher than in nonsarcopenic nonobese patients, but these differences were statistically significant only for serum hs-CRP and triglyceride. In addition, muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass percentage were negatively associated with markers of inflammation and dyslipidemia, whereas body fat percentage was positively associated with these CVD risk factors. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that although the prevalence of dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity are relatively low in PD patients, these disorders may be associated with CVD risk factors.

[Adherence to DASH-style diet in relation to glioma among iranian adults: a hospital-based case-control study]

Introduction and Aims: Data on the association of adherence to DASH-style and glioma are scarce. This hospital-based case-control study examined the association between adherence to DASH-style diet and glioma in a group of Iranian adults

Materials and Methods: Cases of glioma [n=128] and their age- and sex-matched healthy controls [n=256] were recruited from hospital. Participants' dietary intakes were assessed using a validate food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to DASH diet was evaluated

Results: After controlling for potential confounders, individuals with the greatest adherence to the DASH diet were less likely to have glioma compared with those with the lowest adherence [Odds ratio for the highest vs. the lowest tertile: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.13-0.54]. Additional controlling for BMI did not influence the association significantly [0.28; 0.13-0.57]. A diverse association was also seen between consumption of fruits [0.31; 0.14-0.68], legumes and nuts [0.23; 0.10-0.53] and risk of glioma. We found a significant positive association between red and processed meat intake and risk of glioma [2.60; 1.16-5.81]. Individuals in the highest tertile of salt intake were 2.87 times more likely to have glioma than those in the bottom tertile after taking all potential confounders into account [2.87; 1.30-6.34]

Conclusion: We found that adherence to the DASH style dietary pattern was inversely associated with glioma. In addition, some components of DASH diet, including red meats and salt intake was positively associated with glioma. Consumption of nuts and legumes as well as fruits was inversely associated with glioma