The Effects of Moderate Treadmill Running on Free Fatty Acids, Glucose, Growth Hormone, Insulin and Appetite

BACKGROUND: The level of physical adaptation through active lifestyle can result in changes in appetite; and caused by physical activity and exercise, physical adaptation may change carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise. This study investigated the differences in carbohydrate and fat metabolism after moderate treadmill running and the difference in appetite response before and after exercise in active, regularly exercising individuals and those inactive. METHODS: We analyzed the effects of moderate physical activity (70% of oxygen uptake reserve, 30 minutes on the treadmill) on free fatty acids, glucose, growth hormone, insulin and an appetite visual analogue scale (VAS). Our subjects included 28 healthy males who were divided into two groups, the activity group (n=14) and the inactivity group (n=14) according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The serum samples and VAS were collected at pre, post and 30 min post-exercise. RESULTS: The results of the serum analysis showed no significant effects on free fatty acids, glucose, growth hormone and insulin between the groups, but showed significant changes in free fatty acids and growth hormone between points of measurement. Significant increases in VAS were seen with moderate exercise in both groups, with the inactivity group expressing greater hunger than the activity group. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that inactive persons were hungrier than active persons after moderate exercise. This information might be useful to staff and participants of weight loss programs.

The Effect of Forward and Backward Treadmill walking Training on Muscular Strength of Lower Extremities before and after Exhausting Exercise / 대한스포츠의학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of forward and backward walking training on lower extremity muscle strength before and after exhausting exercise. Fourteen healthy male adults were randomly divided into backward walking (BW, n=7) and forward walking (FW, n=7) training groups. Each group took part in pre-test consisted of knee extensor and flexor isokinetic peak torque (PT), total work (TW), electromyography (EMG) before and after exhausting exercise. Exhausting exercise was used to measure lower extremity endurance, which is incremental treadmill running using the Bruce protocol. The BW and FW training groups participated in a 6 weeks training program, consisted of 3 sessions per week for a total of 18 sessions. After finishing the training program, the post-test was performed using the same method. BW training group showed significant increases in knee extensor/flexor PT (4.6%/13.9%), TW (17.34%), EMG (35.9%) before exhausting exercise and PT (23.9%/18.8%), TW (46.7%), EMG (59.8%) after exhausting exercise. But FW training group did not show a significant increase in knee extensor/flexor PT (0.1%/3.2%), TW (1.8%), EMG (10.9%) before exhausting exercise and PT (2%/1%), TW (5.6%), EMG (17.2%) after exhausting exercise. BW training has positive effects on lower extremity muscle strength, especially muscle endurance that is important to prevent muscle weakness during competitive sports.