Progress on clinical trials of common gastrointestinal cancer drugs in China from 2012 to 2021 / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: Systematically summarize the research progress of clinical trials of gastric cancer oncology drugs and the overview of marketed drugs in China from 2012 to 2021, providing data and decision-making evidence for relevant departments. Methods: Based on the registration database of the drug clinical trial registration and information disclosure platform of Food and Drug Administration of China and the data query system of domestic and imported drugs, the information on gastric cancer drug clinical trials, investigational drugs and marketed drugs from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 was analyzed, and the differences between Chinese and foreign enterprises in terms of trial scope, trial phase, treatment lines and drug type, effect and mechanism studies were compared. Results: A total of 114 drug clinical trials related to gastric tumor were registered in China from 2012 to 2021, accounting for 3.7% (114/3 041) of all anticancer drug clinical trials in the same period, the registration number showed a significant growth rate after 2016 and reached its peak with 32 trials in 2020. Among them, 85 (74.6%, 85/114) trials were initiated by Chinese pharmaceutical enterprise. Compared with foreign pharmaceutical enterprise, Chinese pharmaceutical enterprise had higher rates of phase I trials (35.3% vs 6.9%, P=0.001), but the rate of international multicenter trials (11.9% vs 67.9%, P<0.001) was relatively low. There were 76 different drugs involved in relevant clinical trials, of which 65 (85.5%) were targeted drugs. For targeted drugs, HER2 is the most common one (14 types), followed by PD-1 and multi-target VEGER. In the past ten years, 3 of 4 marketed drugs for gastric cancer treatment were domestic and included in the national medical insurance directory. Conclusions: From 2012 to 2021, China has made some progress in drug research and development for gastric carcinoma. However, compared with the serious disease burden, it is still insufficient. Targeted strengthening of research and development of investment in many aspects of gastric cancer drugs, such as new target discovery, matured target excavating, combination drug development and early line therapy promotion, is the key work in the future, especially for domestic companies.

Optimization of polysaccharide extraction from Hippocampus by deep neural network and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, the extraction rate of crude polysaccharides and the yield of polysaccharides from Hippocampus served as test indicators. The comprehensive evaluation indicators were assigned by the R language combined with the entropy weight method. The Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology(BBD-RSM) and the deep neural network(DNN) were employed to screen the optimal parameters for the polysaccharide extraction from Hippocampus. These two modeling methods were compared and verified experimentally for the process optimization. This study provides a reference for the industrialization of effective component extraction from Chinese medicinals and achieves the effective combination of modern technology and traditional Chinese medicine.

Study on mechanism of Phytolaccae Radix and its split components based on network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

This paper aimed to explore the mechanism of the split components of Phytolaccae Radix by means of network pharmaco-logy. Based on the theoretical hypothesis of the nature and taste of traditional Chinese medicine, the chemical components of the separated components of Phytolaccae Radix were selected by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database(TCMSP) and Traditional Chinese Medicines IntegratedDatabase(TCMID) databases in combination with related literatures. Relevant target analysis was carried out based on PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Targets corresponding to disease were excavated based on GeneCards for each split component, corresponding potential targets were obtained through mapping the target set of target compounds to disease targets. GO biological process analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the mapped targets with the help of DAVID database. Based on Cytoscape software and the corresponding efficacy, the network diagram of "medicinal material-split components-compound-target-pathway" was constructed to explore the mechanism of different efficacy of the separated components of Cytoscape. And the target purgation and diuretic mapping was used as the target of the traditional efficacy of smoothening secretion for the first time. The study explored esculentoside component, fatty oil component and phenolic acid component, a total of 30 target compounds and 301 corresponding targets, involving 44 potential targets for "anti-inflammatory", 50 potential targets for "immunoregulation", 52 potential targets for "smoothening secretion", 28 potential targets for "antibacterial activity", 28 potential targets for "antiviral effect", and 29 potential targets for "antitumor effect". Topological analysis revealed 14 key gene targets such as MAPK8, MAPK14, EGFR and PTGS2. A total of 684 GO entries and 235 KEGG pathways were obtained through bioinformatics enrichment analysis, mainly involving TNF signaling pathway, NF-kappaB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. This study revealed the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel action mechanism of the split components of Phytolaccae Radix, which provided certain basis for the next step to clarify the split components of Phytolaccae Radix through the method of system biology, and injected new content and significance into the study of properties and flavors theory.

Identification of Prototype Components and Their Metabolites in Rat Serum, Urine and Feces After Oral Administration of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex Aqueous Extract by UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometry （UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS） was applied to analyze the prototypes and their metabolites of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract in the serum， urine and feces of normal rats， and to investigate the pharmacodynamic material basis of Phellodendri Amurensis<italic> </italic>Cortex in rats. Method:Chromatographic separation was performed on the ACQUITY UPLC^® CSH^TM C₁₈ column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-15 min， 2%-25%B； 15-25 min， 25%-50%B； 25-28 min， 50%-98%B）， flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1， the injection volume was 10 μL and the column temperature was 40 ℃. Heated electrospray ionization （HESI） was used to collect data in the positive ion modes with the scanning range of <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 100-1 000. By comparing chromatogram differences between the blank samples and the samples after administration， prototypes and their metabolites of biological samples after oral administration of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract were identified. Result:After oral administration of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract， a total of 70 compounds including 15 prototypes and 55 metabolites in rat serum， urine and feces were detected. Among them， 15 prototypes included 12 alkaloids and 3 limonoids， and 55 metabolites included 52 alkaloids and 3 limonoids. Desaturation， methylation， oxidation， sulfonation and glucuronide conjugation were observed as the primary metabolic pathways for the chemical constituents of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract. Conclusion:Alkaloids in Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract undergo phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolism in rats， and limonoids mainly undergo phase Ⅰ metabolism in rats. This paper can provide experimental basis for further analyzing the process <italic>in vivo</italic> of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex and elucidating its pharmacodynamic substance basis<italic>.</italic>

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents， Pharmacological Effect and Clinical Applications of Daturae Flos / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Daturae Flos is a traditional antitussive and antiasthmatic medicine， its flowers and leaves are rich in a variety of compounds， including withanolides， alkaloids， terpenes， flavonoids and amides. Because of its antiasthmatic， antitussive， antispasmodic and analgesia effect， it is traditionally used for the treatment of asthma， cough， cold pain in abdominal cavity， rheumatic arthralgia， infantile chronic eclampsia， and can also be used as raw material for surgical anesthesia. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that in addition to the traditional efficacy， Daturae Flos also has anti-inflammatory， immunosuppression， anti-convulsion and other effects， and is often used in the treatment of psoriasis， Parkinson's disease， epilepsy， rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. At present， the chemical constituents of Daturae Flos are mainly focused on withanolides and alkaloids. At the same time， there is a lack of clear classification of chemical components and the distribution of chemical components in medicinal parts of this medicine， and little information is available for the pharmacological effects of polysaccharides. Based on this， this paper systematically searched relevant literature of Daturae Flos， and summarized and analyzed its chemical composition， pharmacological effect and clinical application， in order to provide reference for further development and utilization of Daturae Flos.

Clinical application and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of lung cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by a rapid proliferation rate, less survivability, high mortality, and metastatic potential. This review focuses on updated research about the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an adjuvant therapy to lung cancer treatment and the mechanisms of TCM effect on lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. We summarized the recent 5 years of different research progress on clinical applications and antitumor mechanisms of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer. As a potent adjuvant therapy, TCM could enhance conventional treatments (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and epidermal growth factor receptors [EGFRs] tyrosine kinase inhibitors [TKIs]) effects as well as provide synergistic effects, enhance chemotherapy drugs chemosensitivity, reverse drug resistance, reduce adverse reactions and toxicity, relieve patients' pain and improve quality of life (QOL). After treating with TCM, lung cancer cells will induce apoptosis and/or autophagy, suppress metastasis, impact immune reaction, and therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKIs. Therefore, TCM is a promisingly potent adjuvant therapy in the treatment of lung cancer and its multiple mechanisms are worthy of an in-depth study.

Effect of Esculentoside on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Mice Mastitis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of esculentoside on lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in mice. Method:Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, dexamethasone group (DEX, 5.0 mg·kg-1) and esculentoside group (50, 25, 12.5 mg·kg-1). The mastitis model of postpartum female mice (BALB/c) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to analyze the pathological conditions of breast tissue and the activity of recombinant myeloperoxidase（MPO）, factor content and oxidative stress level. Western blot was used to evaluate the effect of esculentoside on Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4)/nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) signaling pathway proteins. Result:Compared with the normal group, the breast tissue of the model group had typical mastitis changes, such as hyperemia and congestion, the level of MPO increased, and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with LPS model group, esculentoside groups could significantly improve the inflammatory damage of mammary gland tissue, reduce the secretion of neutrophils and the activity of MPO, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were also significantly down-regulated, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were increased, while the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased, and the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited by esculentoside（P<0.05，P<0.01）. Conclusion:Esculentoside have a protective effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in mice, which may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway protein expression.

Progress in Research on Effect of Processing on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effect of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, one of precious and important traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has the functions of dispersing blood stasis and stopping bleeding, detaching swelling and alleviating pain, and invigorating Qi and blood. It is a traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. After processing, the efficacy of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was obviously different, the raw products mainly dispersed blood stasis and hemostasis, while the main effect of processed products was to replenish blood and Qi. In recent years, more attention has been paid to Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma research, mainly focusing on the chemical constituent, pharmacological action and clinical application of the raw products. Although the research on processed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma has been increasing in these years, the mechanism of processing and the changes of bioactive constituents before and after processing are still unclear. This paper systematically summarized the modern processing methods of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and compared the changes in chemical constituent and pharmacological action before and after processing through literature search. It is proposed that modern technologies should be put forward to study the correlation between the chemical constituent transformation and enriching blood as the breakthrough point, in order to explain the processing mechanism of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, improve the quality evaluation system of this decoction pieces, and provide guarantee for the safety and effectiveness of its clinical medication.

The mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine underlying the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis / 中国天然药物

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of AS is increasing in the last decades. So development of safe and effective therapeutics for treating AS has become prominently important. Although there are numerous chemical drugs available for treating AS, some drugs are not effective and some have serious side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history for the prevention and treatment of AS due to its less side effects and superior efficacy. This paper describes the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms for prevention and treatment of AS by TCM or its active components. Some TCM, e.g. XuemaiNing, Tongxinluo and Salvia miltiorrhiza have been reported to have cardio-protective effect. Some active components of TCM, e.g. saikosaponin-A, kuwanon G, luteolin and β-elemene have been isolated from various TCM and demonstrated to have beneficial effects on prevention and treatment of AS.

Lipid-lowering Activity and Mechanism of Allii Sativi Bulbus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Preliminary results have been achieved in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China, but the number of CVD patients will continue to grow rapidly in the next 10 years. Generally speaking, the prevalence and mortality of CVD in China are still on the rise. CVD has worsened and become a major public health problem. It is urgent to prevent CVD. Therefore, the development of safe, effective and inexpensive drugs for the prevention and treatment of CVD is a livelihood project of great significance. Allii Sativi Bulbus, as a commonly used medicinal and edible herbal medicine, has rich resources and a long history of application. Since the 1980s, many studies on Allii Sativi Bulbus have been carried out by global scholars. The results show that Allii Sativi Bulbus has the effects in reducing blood lipid, preventing atherosclerosis, lowering blood pressure, resisting myocardial ischemia and treating other cardiovascular diseases, with many pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, free radical scavenging activities. Focusing on the regulation of blood lipid metabolism by Allii Sativi Bulbus, the latest literatures at home and abroad have been consulted. Both basic research and clinical trials have shown that Allii Sativi Bulbus has a good hypolipidemic effect. Its mechanism is mainly related to the inhibition of key enzymes in the process of lipid synthesis and related factors regulating lipid metabolism. In this paper, the hypolipidemic effect and molecular mechanism of garlic were reviewed to define its research trends and problems, and provide reference for further research and clinical application of Allii Sativi Bulbus.

Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Constituents of Sojae Semen Praeparatum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the antibacterial activity and chemical constituents of Sojae Semen Praeparatum as a traditional Chinese medicine. Method:Sojae Semen Praeparatum was extracted with 80% ethanol,and the extracts were suspended in an appropriate amount of distilled water and extracted with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and water saturated n-butanol in turn. The antibacterial activity in vitro was used for screening the active fractions. Using activity-guided-isolation,the active fractions were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC and other methods. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis, such as 1H-NMR,13C-NMR and MS. Result:The ethyl acetate fraction of 80% ethanol extract from Sojae Semen Praeparatum showed a stronger activity and was studied further. Eighteen compounds were isolated, and eleven compounds were identified as daidzein (1),daidzin (2),genistein (3),genistin (4),glycitein (5),glycitin (6),daucosterol (7),thymine (8),adenine (9),uracil (10),uridine (11). Conclusion:The ethyl acetate fraction of 80% ethanol extract from Sojae Semen Praeparatum shows an antibacterial activity. Compounds 1-6 are isoflavones. Compounds 7-11 are isolated from Sojae Semen Praeparatum for the first time.

Intestinal Microflora Diversity of Rats Treated with Scutellariae Radix Based on Theory of “Insight into Abdomen” / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of Scutellariae Radix on the diversity of intestinal flora in rats under physiological conditions, in order to determine the property of Scutellariae Radix property. Method: 16S rRNA high-throughput gene sequencing technique was used to detect the cecum solutes of rats treated with Scutellariae Radix (10 g·kg-1). The number, richness and diversity index of the intestinal flora taxon (OTUs) and the differential phylum and genus were comprehensively analyzed. The network visualization was used to find the correlation between differential phylum and genus. Result: Based on the Illumina Miseq platform, compared with the blank group, the number of OTUs and the index of richness and diversity of the intestinal flora of the rats treated with Scutellariae Radix decreased. Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes were significantly up-regulated(PPPPPRuminococcus, Paraprevotella, Prevotella and Oscillospira. Conclusion: Scutellariae Radix can reduce the diversity of intestinal flora and inhibit the metabolism of the body, so its property is cold.

New Phenolic Glycoside from Aerial Part of Allium sativum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Allium sativum. Method: The aerial part of A. sativum was treated by heating reflux extraction with 70% ethanol. The combined extracting solution was treated with decompressed recovery solvent to obtain the total extract. The total extract's thick paste was suspended with an appropriate amount of distilled water, and then extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water-saturated n-butyl alcohol to obtain petroleum ether extraction fraction, ethyl acetate extraction fraction and n-butyl alcohol extraction fraction. The n-butyl alcohol extraction fraction was isolated and purified by positive phase silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC,etc. The structures of the chemical constituents were elucidated by means of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis, and spectral data, like 1H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, DEPT, HMBC and HR-ESI-MS. Result: Seven compounds were isolated and identified as 2-methoxy-phenol-1-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),phenyl-ethanol-4-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),trans-resveratrol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),stigmasterol(4),β-sitosterol(5),stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6) and daucosterol(7). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new phenolic glycoside named dasuanxinoside J,and compounds 2-7 are isolated from A. sativum for the first time.

Phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Ephedra / 中国天然药物

The genus Ephedra of the Ephedraceae family contains more than 60 species of nonflowering seed plants distributed throughout Asia, America, Europe, and North Africa. These Ephedra species have medicinal, ecological, and economic value. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the Ephedra species to unveil opportunities for future research. Comprehensive information on the Ephedra species was collected by electronic search (e.g., GoogleScholar, Pubmed, SciFinder, and Web of Science) and phytochemical books. The chemical compounds isolated from the Ephedra species include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, and others. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions and few isolated compounds of Ephedra species showed anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, and diuretic activities. After chemical and pharmacological profiling, current research is focused on the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the phenolic acid compounds, the immunosuppressive activity of the polysaccharides, and the antitumor activity of flavonoids.

Phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Ephedra / 中国天然药物

The genus Ephedra of the Ephedraceae family contains more than 60 species of nonflowering seed plants distributed throughout Asia, America, Europe, and North Africa. These Ephedra species have medicinal, ecological, and economic value. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the Ephedra species to unveil opportunities for future research. Comprehensive information on the Ephedra species was collected by electronic search (e.g., GoogleScholar, Pubmed, SciFinder, and Web of Science) and phytochemical books. The chemical compounds isolated from the Ephedra species include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, and others. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions and few isolated compounds of Ephedra species showed anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, and diuretic activities. After chemical and pharmacological profiling, current research is focused on the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the phenolic acid compounds, the immunosuppressive activity of the polysaccharides, and the antitumor activity of flavonoids.

Metabolic study of Mori Cortex on nephrogenic edema in rats / 中成药

AIM To conduct a metabolic research for a better understanding of nephrogenic edema and to assess the integral efficacy of Mori Cortex in rat model.METHODS The serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,albumin and urinary protein levels in rats were detected.UPLC-QTOF-MS was used to detect the urine metabolites changes,Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA)were used to screen potential biomarkers,after whose quantification,Mev software was adopted for heat map draw-ing and hierarchical cluster analysis.RESULTS The model rats manifested significantly increased levels of serum creatinine,urea nitrogen and urinary protein,decreased albumin level,and an obviously excessive amino acid metabolism as well.The 41 identified biomarkers were mainly related to disturbances in phenylalanine,pyrimidine,arginine and proline,glycine,serine and threonine,tryptophan,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and biosynthesis of pantothenic acid and coenzyme A.A reversal trend in aforementioned levels of biochemical indexes and most biomarkers due to the intervention by Mori Cortex signaled an improvement in the metabolic disorder,renal dysfunction and edema.CONCLUSION The metabolic study demonstrates the pathological status of nephrogenic edema and assesses the effect of Mori Cortex from an overall perspective,highlighting a new approach for illustrating Chinese medical syndrome and the underlying mechanism in the management of traditional Chinese medicine.

Comparison of the diuretic effects of Descurainiae Semen, Coicis Semen and Plantaginis Semen / 中成药

AIM To compare the diuretic effects of Descurainiae Semen (DS),Coicis Semen (CS) and Plantaginis Semen (PS),and to observe their mechanical similarities and differences.METHODS Metabolic cage method was applied to investigating the diuretic effects of DS (2.34 g/kg),CS (7.00 g/kg) and PS (3.50 g/kg),whose diuretic mechanisms were studied by cryoscopic method,enzyme method,ion selective electrode method,ELISA and Western blot.RESULTS DS,CS and PS obviously increased saline-loaded rats' urine volume (P ＜ 0.05) and reduced their body weight (P ＜ 0.05) after administration for 7 h,which exhibited no significant effects on urine creatinine (Ucr),serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)(P ＞ 0.05).DS showed its diuretic effect mainly by lowering the levels of serum Na +,atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP),brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),pulmonary AQP3,renal AQP1 and AQP2;CS showed its diuretic effect mainly by reducing the levels of serum Na +,Cl-,ANP,pulmonary AQP3,gastric AQP3,renal AQP1 and AQP2;PS showed its diuretic effect mainly by decreasing the levels of serum Na + and Cl-,pulmonary AQP3,gastric AQP3,renal AQP1 and AQP2.CONCLUSION Three medicinal materials have significant diuretic effects without obvious renal harm.DS categorized as a medicinal plant of lung channel and tropism has a great effect on netriuretic peptide system,CS categorized as a medicinal plant of spleen channel and tropism has a great effect on gastric AQP3,and PS categorized as a medicinal plant of renal channel and tropism has a great effect on renal AQPs.

Proteomics and its application to determine mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

There is no doubt that the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is effective, practical and scientific after it was used for thousands of years. However, the mechanisms of action of many TCM are still unclear because of their multi-component, multi-target and multi-level features, which hinder the modernization and internationalization of the TCM. Proteomics is to analyze the composition and activity of intracellular proteins which are changing dynamically from a holistic perspective. It is consistent with the holistic and dynamic views of the TCM and brings about the hope of clarifying the mechanism of action of the TCM. In recent years, great progress has been made in the application of proteomics to determine the mechanism of the TCM. This article introduced the core technologies of proteomics and systematically summarized the applications of proteomics in the study of the mechanism of the Chinese medicinal formulae, single Chinese medicine and monomeric compounds from the TCM to provide innovative ideas and methods for reference.

Study on lignans from Xanthii Fructus / 中国中药杂志

This project is to investigate lignans from the dried fruits of Xanthium sibiricum (Xanthii Fructus). The chemical constituents were extract by 70% ethanol and isolated by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, MCI column chromatography. Based on comparison of their spectral data with those reported in literature, they were elucidated as (-)-pinoresinol (1), balanophonin A (2), diospyrosin (3), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (4), 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propanol (5), (-)-simulanol (6), (-)-7R,8S-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (7), chushizisin E (8), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (9), 7R,8S-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), erythro-1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol (11), leptolepisol D (12), 8-O-4' neolignan 4-O-β-glucopyranoside (13), (-)-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-{2-methoxy-4-[1-(E)-propen-3-ol]phenoxyl}-propane-3-ol(14), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2-[4-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-2-methoxy]-phenoxy-1,3-propandiol (15), threo-dihydroxy dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (16), (-)-(2R)-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-{2-methoxy-4-[(E)-formylviny1]phenoxyl} propane-3-ol (17). Compound 2-17 were isolated from the genus Xanthium for the first time. Compound 1 were isolated form Xanthii Fructus for the first time.

Research progress on pharmacological effects of separation and combination methods based on traditional Chinese medicine property and flavor / 中国中药杂志

The theory of medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the core theories of TCM, which is an important basis for guiding the clinical application of TCM and the key supporting point for the modernization of TCM. How to study the modernization of TCM under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory has become a great challenge for modern researchers. Currently, the researches in TCM mainly focus on chemical studies such as on active ingredients and effective components, lacking the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory, and losing the inherent characteristics of TCM. Therefore, the combination of the theory of TCM and the modernization of TCM and the establishment of research mode that is in line with the characteristics of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine under guidance by the theory of medicinal properties of TCM shall be the top priority in modern Chinese medicine research. The property and flavor of TCM are closely related to its chemical compositions, and also have certain regularity. The researches on the chemical components of TCM, systematic design of property and flavor, as well as the separation and combination of TCM property and flavor are beneficial to the overall analysis of the characteristics of TCM, showing great significance to inherit and carry forward TCM. The pharmacological effects about separation and combination methods based on TCM property and flavor were reviewed in this study, providing theoretical reference for the development of new drugs and the application of TCM.