Levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E and their influencing factors in children with obesity / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E in children with obesity and their influencing factors.@*METHODS@#A total of 273 children with obesity who attended the Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xi'an Children's Hospital, from January 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled as the obesity group. A total of 226 children with normal body weight who underwent physical examination during the same period were enrolled as the control group. Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured for both groups, and the serum concentrations of vitamins A, D, and E were also measured.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the obesity group had significantly higher serum levels of vitamin A [(1.32±0.21) μmol/L vs (1.16±0.21) μmol/L, P<0.001] and vitamin E [(9.3±1.4) mg/L vs (8.3±1.2) mg/L, P<0.001] and a significant reduction in the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [(49±22) nmol/L vs (62±24) nmol/L, P<0.001]. In the obesity group, the prevalence rates of marginal vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, and vitamin E insufficiency were 5.5% (15/273), 56.8% (155/273), and 4.0% (11/273), respectively. After adjustment for body mass index Z-score and waist-to-height ratio, serum vitamin A level was positively correlated with age (P<0.001), while vitamins E and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were negatively correlated with age in children with obesity (P<0.001). After adjustment for age, the serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin E and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were not correlated with degree of obesity, percentage of body fat, and duration of obesity in children with obesity, while the serum levels of vitamins A and E were positively correlated with waist-to-height ratio (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are higher serum levels of vitamins A and E in children with obesity, especially in those with abdominal obesity, while serum vitamin D nutritional status is poor and worsens with age. Therefore, vitamin D nutritional status should be taken seriously for children with obesity, and vitamin D supplementation should be performed when necessary.

Research Progress on Antidepressant Pathway and Active Ingredients of Xiaoyaosan and Its Analogous Prescriptions / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Depression is a psychiatric disease that seriously affects human life in the context of rapid social development and increased living pressure, and brings serious healthproblems and economic burdens to human society.Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in the treatment of depression, and Xiaoyaosan has been repeatedly confirmed as a classic prescription for the intervention in depression, but its antidepressant mechanism and its active ingredients are still unclear.Through the search of China Knowledge Network(CNKI) and PubMed database, the literature and data on the clinical and mechanism research of Xiaoyaosan and its analogous prescriptions on depression in the past 10 years are systematically sorted out.It is found that Xiaoyao San and its analogous prescriptions are mainly focusing on the following aspects: regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, affecting 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), norepinephrine(NE) neurotransmitters in hippocampus, interfering with inflammatory reaction process, modulating the BDNF/CREB signaling pathway, regulating intestinal flora and gastrointestinal function, regulating endothelial window foramen of hepatic sinus, repairing chronic stress-induced blood-brain barrier permeability, affecting autophagy to reduce neuronal apoptosis, and regulating the leukoplakia-nuclear adrenal gland (LC-NE) system to play an antidepressant role.The main active ingredient including, saikosaponin A which could down-regulate interleukin expression level, saikosaponin D which alleviates HPA axis dysfunction, quercetin which inhibits corticotropin-releasing-factor(CRF) mRNA expression, paeoniflorin which regulates neurotransmitters, and paeoni lactone which inhibits hyperfunction of HPA axis Glycosides, reduce inflammatory cytokines, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide Il, atractylenolide Ill, which could reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and inhibit NF-κB activated, curcumin which could play the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles, L-menthol which could suppress the HPA axis overactivation, liquiritin isoliquiritin which could regulate the monoamine neurotransmitters, and isoliquiritigenin which could inhibit the monoamine oxidase.

A study on the risk and economic burden of common malignant tumor due to type 2 diabetes mellitus / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate risk and the direct economic burden of malignant tumor due to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Combing the data of chronic disease surveillance, follow-up and the fifth health service investigation, we calculated the population attributable risk and the direct economic burden for malignant tumor due to type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to estimate the direct economic burden for tumor caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results The relative risk was 1.68 (95%CI: 1.68-1.70) for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus to develop the malignant tumor than the people without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The proportions of attributable risk (AR%) and population attributable risk (PAR%) were 40.57% and 2.05%, respectively. Moreover, the annual average hospitalization costs for malignant tumor reached 11 billion CNY, which took part 6.48% of total health service costs. And the direct economic burden for malignant tumor due to type 2 diabetes mellitus was 0.228 billion CNY. In addition, the top two highest population attributable risks were colorectal cancer and liver cancer, while the top three greatest direct economic burdens for malignant tumor or malignant tumor due to type 2 diabetes mellitus were lung cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer. Conclusion From this study, we found that type 2 diabetes mellitus increased the risks of tumor and therefore lead to sharply increasing in medical costs of malignant tumor. In order to decrease the risk of malignant tumor and medical costs, we should pay more attention to the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the screening of malignant tumor due to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

An analysis on health life expectancy of adult residents in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the health life expectancy (HALE) of the residents aged 15 years and above in Zhejiang Province and to evaluate the health level among adults. Methods The study was based the mortality data collected from Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information and Management System, and the mortality rates were from the Under-Reporting Survey and the sample data in Zhejiang from the 5th National Health Service Survey in 2013. A Sullivan' s method was used to calculate the HALE. Results The life expectancy and self-evaluated HALE were 63.62 years, 55.80 years, respectively, and the difference was 7.82 years (61.49 years VS 55.13 years in males and 66.10 years VS 56.57 years in females) . The self-evaluated HALE 55.89 years in urban and 55.54 years in rural residents aged 15 years and above. The proportion of self-evaluated HALE in the total life expectancy was 87.70%, and it decreased with age, and the proportion has dropped to 67.31% in ≥65 age group. Life expectancy without chronic morbidity was 46.68 years (46.35 years in males and 47.01 years in females; 44.03 years in urban and 47.15 years in rural areas) among residents aged 15 years and above, and the proportion of self-evaluated HALE without chronic morbidity in the total life expectancy without chronic morbidity was 73.37%. Conclusion In general the proportion of self-evaluated HALE in the total life expectancy was small , and males had a greater proportion than female, and adults in rural areas had a greater proportion than that in urban areas. We should consider NCDS management for the elderly residents and to improve the life quality among the elderly residents.

Risk factors of progressive brain contusion and relationship with outcome / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risk factors of progressive brain contusion and to evaluate their impact on patients' outcome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty two patients with traumatic brain contusion were enrolled in the study, including 70 cases with progressive contusion and 62 cases with non-progressive contusion. The risk factors were investigated with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The univariate analysis showed that Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) at admission, contusion volume at the first brain CT scans, midline shift, combined with skull fracture, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, location of brain contusion, D-dimer levels, combined with type 2 diabetes were associated with progressive brain contusion. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that GCS at admission, contusion volume at the first CT scans, combined with subarachnoid hemorrhage, combined with type 2 diabetes were the independent risk factors for disease progression. The outcome in the progressive group was more aggravated than that in non-progressive group (P = 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with disturbance of consciousness, the larger contusion volume, combined with subarachnoid hemorrhage and diabetes are at risk for progressive brain contusion and unfavorable outcome.</p>

Survivin gene silencing inhibits the proliferation of human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells and enhances their sensitivity to celecoxib / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated survivin knock-down on the proliferation of human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells and their sensitivity to celecoxib.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The siRNA against survivin was constructed and transfected into MGC-803 cells via Lipofectamine(TM) 2000. The expression of survivin in the transfected cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, and flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle changes. The sensitivity of the cells to celecoxib after transfection was examined using MTT assay and clonogenic assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The protein and mRNA levels of survivin in MGC-803 cells were decreased significantly after siRNA transfection, which also caused cell cycle arrest in G(0)/G(1) phase. The sensitivity of MGC-803 cells to celecoxib was significantly increased after siRNA transfection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>siRNA-mediated survivin silencing causes growth suppression of MGC-803 cells and enhances their sensitivity to celecoxib in vitro.</p>