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ObjectiveTo study the effects of different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） on the growth of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings and the quality of its medicinal parts， in order to provide reference for the cultivation of high-quality P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. MethodThe pot culture experiment at room temperature and the single-factor completely random design were employed for exploring the effects of five PGPR on physiological characteristics and inorganic elements of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. ResultThe results showed that the exogenous inoculation of different PGPR promoted the growth and development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to varying degrees， delayed the senescence of leaves， and improved the medicinal value of new and old rhizomes. Compared with the non-inoculated control， the exogenous inoculation of compound microbial fertilizer （FH） and microbial agent Sanju Guanjin liquid （SJ） enhanced the root vigor， increased the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes ［superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and peroxidase （POD）］， and reduced the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in leaves. Their inhibition rates against MDA were 10.46%-39.62% and 20.99%-53.12%， respectively. With the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis， the inhibition rate against MDA gradually increased， which effectively delayed the senescence of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis leaves. In addition， the exogenous inoculation of different PGPR promoted the accumulation of nutrient elements in new and old rhizomes， lowered the heavy metal content to varying degrees， and improved the medicinal value of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes. ConclusionFH and SJ have exhibited the best promoting effect on the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings and also the best regulatory effect on the medicinal value of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes， which has provided reference for the application and promotion of PGPR in the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
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Objective:To explore the effect of natural decay of exogenously added fibrous roots on the growth and development of <italic>Paris polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis </italic>and its medicinal quality. Method:The effects of natural decay of fibrous roots at different amounts on mycorrhizal infection rate， physiological and biochemical indexes， and saponin contents of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis </italic>were studied in pot culture experiments at room temperature. Result:The results showed that the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi in the root of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis </italic>was not significantly affected by different fibrous root treatments， but there were significant differences in infection intensity. The photosynthetic pigment content in the leaves declined significantly with the increase in fibrous root amount， and the total chlorophyll was decreased by 78.7% at most. The contents of soluble protein， soluble sugar and malondialdehyde in the leaves of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis </italic>showed an overall upward trend. The activities of the three protective enzymes varied. The peroxidase and malondialdehyde were reduced by 181.6% and 200.0% at most. In the root system of <italic>P. polyphylla </italic>var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>， the contents of the above-mentioned six components decreased to varying degrees， with the largest reductions of peroxidase and malondialdehyde reaching 44.6% and 69.7%. Different fibrous root treatments resulted in a decrease in active component content of <italic>P. polyphylla </italic>var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>. The total content of the four saponins was decreased by 58.9% at most， and the total saponin content by 46.9%. Conclusion:The natural decay of fibrous roots affects the soil microbial environment of root system， reduces the photosynthetic pigment content in leaves， and destroys the stability of cells， thus interfering with the growth and development of <italic>P. polyphylla </italic>var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>， reducing its medicinal components， and causing continuous cropping obstacles.
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Objective:To study the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi combinations on the growth and quality of<italic> Paris polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> seedlings，in order to provide reference for the cultivation of high quality <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>. Method:Through the room temperature pot inoculation test method，nine groups of different AM fungi combinations were inoculated into sterilized soil，and the control group was not inoculated. The effects of different AM fungi combinations on root infection rate，photosynthetic parameters，physiological indexes and chemical components of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> seedlings were observed. Result:The spore density in rhizosphere soil，the infection rate and intensity of AM fungi in roots，and the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in roots of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> were significantly increased by inoculating the combination of exogenous AM fungi. Compared with the control group，the contents of chlorophyll，malondialdehyde，soluble sugar，soluble protein content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> were increased in different AM fungi treatment groups. The content of total saponin increased from T1 to T2，decreased rapidly from T2 to T4，and increased at T5. Conclusion:Different mixed AM fungus can form a good symbiotic relationship with the roots of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>，improve the mycorrhizal vitality，enhance the resistance of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> to adverse environment，promote the growth and development of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> and improve the quality of rhizome. According to the comprehensive inoculation effect，the combination of S5，S8 and S9 AM fungus has the best effect，which provides reference value for the application of mycorrhizal biotechnology of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>.
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Objective: To investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics and related risk factors of dyspnea in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients taking ticagrelor after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This prospective study included 283 ACS patients under the treatment of ticagrelor after PCI from Dec. 2018 to Jun. 2019. Patients with lung diseases, cardiac insufficiency grade III or above (New York Heart Association [NYHA] heart function classification), or with medicine intervention were excluded from the study. Dyspnea was assessed by Borg scale. The hemorrhage was evaluated by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) bleeding classification. Risk factors of ticagrelor-related dyspnea were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to calculate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the diagnosis of ticagrelor-related dyspnea. Results: The incidence of ticagrelor-related dyspnea was 16.3% (46/283), and 60.9% (28/46) of the patients developed dyspnea within 1 week after taking ticagrelor. Mild dyspnea manifested in 56.5% (26/46) patients, moderate dyspnea in 28.3% (13/46) patients and severe dyspnea in 15.2% (7/46) patients. Discontinuation of ticagrelor due to adverse drug reactions accounted for 8.5% (24/283), and 62.5% (15/24) of them terminated ticagrelor because of intolerable dyspnea. The bleeding events, proportion of male patients, smoking history, and left atrial volume (LA) of the dyspnea group were significantly higher than those of the non-dyspnea group (all P<0.05). LVEF of the dyspnea group was significantly lower than that of the non-dyspnea group (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that bleeding events, low LVEF, male and smoking were independent risk factors for ticagrelor-related dyspnea (P<0.05). The risk of dyspnea in patients with bleeding events was 2.925 times higher than that in patients without bleeding events (odds ratio[OR]=2.925, 95% confdence interval [CI]: 1.386-6.175, P=0.005). ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off of LVEF for diagnosis of ticagrelor-related dyspnea was 61%. Conclusion: Ticagrelor-related dyspnea is very common in Chinese ACS patients. Mild dyspnea presents within 1 week after taking the drug in most patients. Bleeding events, low LVEF, smoking, and male are risk factors for ticagrelor-related dyspnea.
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Objective To explore current situation of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) and iodine nutrient level by analyzing monitoring data of IDD from children aged from 8 to 10 and pregnant women in Wuhai City in 2017,so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of IDD. Methods Our surveillance points were located in Haibowan District, Wuda District, Hainan District of Wuhai City. Samples of salt and human urine were collected from 200 children aged 8 to 10 and 100 pregnant women at random. Urine iodine concentration and salt iodine concentration were measured. Thyroid volume was determined by B-ultrasound. Results There were 10 children diagnosed as thyroid goiter. Children’s Goiter rate in this area was 1.67%.The averaged covering rate of eating iodine among children reached 99.56%, their acceptance rate of iodized salt was 12.7%. Median of salt-iodine was 21.7 mg/kg. Median of urinary iodine(MUI) for children was 204.5 μg/L. The percentage of children whose urinary iodine was less than 100 μg/L and 50 μg/L was 12.7% and 2.2%, respectively. Median of urinary iodine in boys was 224.0 μg/L, which was higher than in girls(191.5 μg/L), the difference was statistically significant(P=0.004). Median of urinary iodine in pregnant women was 145.8 μg/L. Pregnant women whose urine iodine below 150 μg/L accounted for 51.7%. The MUI in pregnant women during the first trimester was 115.5 μg/L. Pregnant women during the first trimester whose urine iodine below 150 μg/L accounted for 62.0%. Conclusions The iodine nutrition condition in children is basically normal, while iodine nutrition deficiency exist in pregnant women in this area. We should particularly enhance monitoring urinary iodine for pregnant women during the first trimester to reduce iodine deficiency.
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Objective To discuss the role of medical protection patterns in preventing exertional heat stroke during 5-km armed field examination in summer. Methods We analyzed the original data collected from 501 soldiers who completed the 5-km armed field examination in the summer of 2016. The soldiers received medical protection during examination and were divided into fully-equipped group (loading 9-12 kg, n=270) and non-equipped group (n=231). The temperatures of the soldiers were detected before and after examination, and the temperature changes and the number of soldiers with hyperthermia after examination were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 501 soldiers took part in the 5-km armed field examination, and 51 (10.18%) soldiers were found with fever (temperature > 37 °C), with a highest temperature of 40.9 °C. Nine were put on a temporary stay in the field medical facility. Among them, four were observed because of the temperature maintaining at 38 °C for 15 min, and their temperatures dropped to below 37 C after cooling fluid infusion for 50-120 min; four were observed because of chest tightness, suffocation, and abdominal pain; one was observed because of faint; the latter five cases were improved without other treatments. No case was evacuated to the hospital. There was no significant difference in temperature between the fully-equipped and non-equipped groups before the examination, while the temperature in the fully-equipped group was significantly higher than that in the non-equipped group after the examination ([36.64±0.67] °C vs [36.48±0.38] °C, P<0.05). The number of soldiers with hyperthermia in the fully-equipped group was significantly more than that in the non-equipped group after the examination (16.67%[45/270] vs 2.60% [6/231], P<0.05). Conclusion The 5-km armed field examination in summer can elevate temperatures of the soldiers and has risk of inducing heat stroke. Establishing a targeted medical protection pattern during the examination may help to timely detect fever in the soldiers and give prompt treatment, so as to effectively prevent heat stroke.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of bitumen fume on neurotransmitter and ultrastructure of mice brain and to investigate the toxicity of bitumen fume on nerve system of mice brain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The experimental mice were forced to inhale the bitumen fume at different exposure level and in different time periods. The contents of the three transmitters dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in mice brain were measured by the fluorescence meanwhile ultrastructure of mice brain was observed by electronic microscope. The ultrastructure of mice brain was observed under transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The contents of DA, NE and 5-HT in all groups decreased with the increasing of dose and prolonging of time (after 8 week, with the increasing of exposure lever, the content of DA, NE, 5-HT was respectively 2.194, 2.190, 2.181, 2.178 microg/g and 1.148, 1.138, 1.135 and 1.407, 1.403, 1.395 microg), but the results did not show significant differences. The structure of the mitochondria changes included the swollen mitochondria, chromatin margination, pyknosis and apoptosis in neuro cells and the processes of swollen astrocyte cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The bitumen fume could induce changes of the ultrastructure of mice brain and affect the contents of neurotransmitter of mice brain.</p>