Immunogenicity of plasmid DNA and adenoviral vectors encoding HIV-1 subtype B env gene / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct DNA and recombinant adenovirus vector vaccines containing an env gene from the prevalent subtype B strain in China and try to use them for therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The candidate plasmid DNA vaccine pVR-gp160 and recombinant adenovirus vaccine rAdV-gp160 were constructed separately. BALB/c mice were immunized with these two vaccines in different administration schemes. HIV-1 Gp120-specific cellular responses and antibody levels were detected by ELISPOT and ELISA respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DNA vaccine alone and combined vaccines in a DNA prime/rAdV-gp160 boost vaccination regimen induced high level of Gp120-specific cellular responses. While low level of Gp120-specific antibodies were elicited in all groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DNA and rAdV vaccines could efficiently express Gp160 protein and activate specific cellular responses.</p>

Immunogenicity of recombinant adeno-asscociated virus type 1 expressing HIV-1 gp120 gene in mice and Rhesus macaques / 病毒学报

To study the immunogenicity of recombinant adeno-asscociated virus type 1 expressing HIV-1 gp120 gene (rAAV2/1-gp120) in BALB/c mice and Rhesus macaques. The gp120 gene derived from Chinese HIV-1 isolates was constructed into rAAV2/1 and rAd5 vectors. Firstly, the immunogenicity of rAAV2/1-gp120 was compared with rAd5-gp120 in BALB/c mice when used once or twice in 3 weeks interval. Then the monkeys were immunized with rAAV2/1-gp120 once. The HIV-1 specific IgG levels and neutralization activity to pseudotyped HIV-1 virus were tested using ELISA and neutralization assay, and the cellular immune responses were analyzed by IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and in vivo CTL assays. Compared with rAd5-gp120 immunized mice, mice immunized with rAAV2/1-gp120 once in duced stronger gp120-specific IgG and were sustained for at least 21 weeks. rAd5-gp120 immunized mice generated stronger cellular immune responses than rAAV2/1-gp120 in spleen and draining lymph node. But only moderate gp120-specific in vivo CTL activity was observed in both rAAV2/1-gp120 and rAd5-gp120 immunized mice. Four of five monkeys vaccinated with rAAV2/1-gp120 generated gp120 specific IgG, the titer ranged from 1:100 to 1:400 with end-point dilution. Gp120 specific IgG could be detected 4 weeks after immunization and reached the peak at 10 weeks after immunization. No neutralization activity against pseudotyped HIV-1 virus expressing NL4-3 Env antigen was detected. In Conclusion, rAAV2/1-gp120 induced high level of HIV-1 specific IgG antibody and moderate cellular immune responses. No neutralizing antibody was elicited. It indicates that the env gene and immunization strategy should be optimized to elicit neutralizing antibody against HIV-1 in further studies.

Comparison of the immnunogenicity of rAAV2/1 and rAd5 rad5 expressing HIV-1 gag / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the immunogenicity of rAAV2/1 and rAd5 expressing HIV-1 gag in BALB/c mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BALB/c mice were immunized with rAAV2/1-gag or rAd5-gag once or twice. HIV-1 specific cellular immune responses were analyzed by in vivo CTL and intracellular cytokine staining assays. HIV-1 Gag specific antibodies were tested by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mice immunized with rAd5-gag once induced stronger Gag specific cellular immune responses and similar level of Gag specific antibody compared with rAAV2/1-gag. Mice immunized with rAd5-gag reached the peak immune responses more rapidly than rAAV2/1-gag. However, mice immunized with rAAV2/1-gag twice elicited better Gag specific IgG.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>rAd5-gag induced strong HIV-1 specific cellular and antibody responses, and rAAV2/1-gag induced high level of HIV-1 specific IgG and moderate cellular immune responses.</p>

Expression and purification of HIV-1 subtype C Gp120, and its antibodies preparation / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare HIV-1 subtype C Gp120 protein and to produce its polyclonal antibodies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A C-terminal fragment of gp120 gene was amplified by PCR from a plasmid expressing full-length HIV-1 subtype C gp160 gene. The length of the subtype C gp120 fragment was 612 nt and it encodes 204 amino acid residues. The resulting DNA construct was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector (pET-30a) and recombinant pET-30a-gp120 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) as an insoluble protein. The vector also contained a six-histidine (His6) tag at the C-terminus for convenient purification. To produce subtype C Gp120-specific polyclonal antibodies, New-Zealand rabbit was immunized with the purified Gp120 protein. Serum samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to determine the level of antibodies. And Western blotting was used to further verify whether the polyclonal antibodies could specifically recognize subtype C Gp160 protein expressed in mammalian cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HIV-1 subtype C Gp120 protein was successfully acquired and the titer of its polyclonal antibodies was 1:204 800. The polyclonal antibodies efficiently recognized Subtype C Gp160 protein expressed in COS-1 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HIV-1 subtype C Gp120 fusion protein with high purity was obtained and its corresponding polyclonal antibodies with high titer were produced.</p>

Genetic analysis of the complete env genes of HIV-1 from paid blood donors in Henan province / 病毒学报

Complete HIV-1 env genes were amplified by nested PCR from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) DNA of 60 HIV-1 positive paid blood donors in Henan province, and the amplified full-length genes were sequenced. Twenty one full-length env genes were obtained, sequence analysis found that 15 of them had intact open reading frame (ORF). Fourteen sequences conformed to subtype B', their average genetic distance with the international reference sequence RL42 was 4.87% +/- 0.31%. One was subtype B, its genetic distance with the international reference sequence HXB2 was 5.43%. The amino acid sequences of these env genes were deduced according to their nucleotide sequences and extensive analysis and comparison of important structural motifs were performed. The results indicated that there was no drastic alteration in the number and position of potential N-linked glycosylation sites among these 15 sequences. And the residues involved in forming the CD4 binding site were highly conserved. Genotype prediction of coreceptor usage based on V3 sequence and net charge suggested that most samples use CCR5 coreceptor. GPGR motif at the tetrapeptide crown in the V3 loop was most common in these samples and it was detected in 40% sequences. The cleavage site of gp120/gp41 was highly conserved, so Gp160 precursor of all isolates would be efficiently cleaved into the Gp120 and Gp41 subunits. The known neutralizing antibody binding sites for 2G12, IgG1b12, 4E10 and 2F5 were also highly conserved, it is expected that most of these isolates will be sensitive to neutralization by these antibodies. Further study to elucidate the correlation of the env genotype to functionally relevant motifs is necessary and that will aid vaccine and novel drug design.