RESUMEN
Anticoagulation is the mainstay treatment of pulmonary embolism. Using low molecular weight heparin versus unfractionated heparin remains a matter of debate
Objectives: the aim of this review is to study the prognosis of using low molecular weight versus unfractionated heparin in treatment of pulmonary embolism
Methods: pubMed and Cochrane library were searched for articles comparing the efficacy of low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin in management of pulmonary embolism. Ten related results were selected for review
Results: literatures studies indicated that low molecular weight heparin was effective in therapeutic treatment of acute sub-massive and massive pulmonary embolism. It was as effective as intravenous unfractionated heparin. It was not associated with higher risk of major, minor bleeding, or thrombocytopenia. Low molecular weight heparin was as effective as unfractionated heparin in prophylaxis of deep venous sinus thrombosis as well as pulmonary embolism
Discussion: low-molecular-weight heparin seemed to be as effective safe as intravenous unfractionated heparin for the treatment as well as prophylaxis of pulmonary embolism. It was also safe with no major bleeding risk or higher risk of thrombocytopenia
Conclusion: both low molecular weight and unfractionated heparin had similar efficacy and safety in management of PE
RESUMEN
Background: cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring [fibrosis] of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. The liver carries out several necessary functions, including detoxifying harmful substances in your body, cleaning your blood and making vital nutrients. Cirrhosis occurs in response to damage to your liver. Each time your liver is injured, it tries to repair itself. In the process, scar tissue forms. As cirrhosis progresses, more and more scar tissue forms, making it difficult for the liver to function
Objective of the Study: review and evaluate the best practices in diagnosis, complications and management of cirrhosis, and novel clinical and scientific developments
Methods: electronic search in the scientific database from 1966 to 2017- [Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library as well as NHS center websites were searched for English Publications obtained from both reprint requests and by searching the database. Data extracted included authors, country, and year of publication, age and sex of patients, epidemiology, geographical distribution, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, investigations and types of surgical treatment
Results: there is sufficient body of evidence suggesting that cirrhosis is a pathological diagnosis with no laboratory cutoff values for the diagnosis of cirrhosis. However, it can still be diagnosed clinically, by history, physical examination laboratory analyses and ancillary testing such as ultrasonography. Early diagnosis has proven to give relevantly better case management results while late detection can only hardly manage the symptoms accompanied with cirrhosis
Conclusion: Screening for chronic liver disease is a key factor for early detection of signs for liver damage, which can be performed inexpensively and easily with clinical history-taking, measurement of transaminase concentrations, upper abdominal ultrasonography, and transient elastography [where available]. Abnormal findings should prompt specific diagnostic testing to determine the etiology of the underlying disease. In most patients, the dynamic process of progressive fibrosis, which could ultimately lead to cirrhosis, can be interrupted by the timely recognition of the risk, followed by appropriate treatment