Determination of quercetin, luteolin, apigenin and acacetin in Flos Chrysanthemi Indici by RP-HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a RP-HPLC method for the determination of quercetin, luteolin, apigenin and acacetin in Flos Chrysanthemi indici.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>An Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used at 25 degrees C with the mobile phases of methanol-0.2% phosphatic acid in a gradient manner. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 350 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linear response ranged from 1.02-20.48 mg x L(-1) for quercetin (r = 0.9994, n = 5), 1.03-20.54 mg x L(-1) for luteolin (r = 0.9992, n = 5), 1.12-22.40 mg x L(-1) for apigenin (r = 0.9995, n = 5), 1.01-20.22 mg x L(-1) for acacetin (r = 0.9998, n = 5), respectively. Recoveries were 101.3% with RSD 1.3% for quercetin, 100.62% with RSD 1.4% for luteolin, 98.42% with RSD 1.7% for apigenin and 99.02% with RSD 0.8% for acacetin. A significant difference (alpha = 0.01) among the contents of four flavonoids and total flavonoids was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is quick, simple and repeatable for simultaneous determination of quercetin, luteolin, apigenin and acacetin in Flos Chrysanthemi Indici.</p>

Determination of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and linarin in Flos Chrysanthemi Indici from different places by RP-hPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the quality of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici which produced in twenty-two different producing places.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were analyzed on a Shim-pack C8 colunm (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid( 19:81). The detection wavelength was set at 326 nm. Linarin were eluted with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water-acetic acid(26: 23: 1). The detection wavelength was set at 334 nm. The column temperature was 25 degrees C. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min .</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linear response ranged within 2.5-50 microg for chlorogenic acid (r = 0.998), 2.5-25 microg for caffeic acid (r = 0.998) and 4.97-41.47 microg for linarin (r = 0.999), respectively. Recoveries were 100.8% with RSD 2.1% for chlorogenic acid, 96.2% with RSD 2.3% for caffeic acid and 103.7% with RSD 1.8% for linarin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was a significant difference in the content of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, linarin among the samples. The content of chlorogenic in the sample from Fengdou Chongqing city was the highest in those from other places. The content of caffeic acid in the all samples is very low. The content of linarin in the samples from Jiangsu province and Anhui province almost reached the national standard in pharmacopoeia.</p>

Principal component analysis and correlation analysis of elements in flos Chrysanthemi indici from different regions / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the character of inorganic elements in Flos Chrysanthemi indici and look for relationship between the element concentration and regions.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The contents of elements, including borum (B), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium(Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), cesium (Se), barium(Ba) and lead(Pb) in Chinese traditional herb Flos Chrysanthemi indici from different regions were determined by ICP-AES. The element distrubution diagram were plotted. The principal component analysis and correlation analysis of SPSS were applied for the study of characteristic elements.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Similar curves of element concentration have been acquired. It is observed that the content of elements in the samples shows regional diversity. There are 15 correlative element pairs in correlation analysis. Four principal components which accounted for over 84.437% of the total variance were extracted from the original data. The first and second factors accounted for 60.090% of the total variance, which means that P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Sr, B, Na and Se may be the characteristic elements.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The showed that element content in Flos Chrysanthemi Indici display special distributing diagram. Remarkable correlation is presented in some element pairs. The elements contents of Flos Chrysanthemi indici gained from Yunan, Hunan are higher than those from other regions.</p>

Pre-treatment in determining total polysaccharide in flos Chrysanthemum indicum by response surface design / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study pre-treatment in determining total polysaccharide in flos Chrysanthemi Indici.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The factors including the extraction temperature, extraction time, ratio of material to liquid were studied. The best extraction condition was found through the response surface design.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The best extraction condition as follows: 81.0 degrees C of the extraction temperature, 1.6 h of extraction time, and the ratio of material to water as 1: 29. On these conditions the extraction rate of flos Chrysanthemi Indici was the best.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A model equation that can be used to predict the experiment is established through the response surface method.</p>

SERUM SOLUBLE INTERLEUKIN-2 (IL-2) RECEPTOR LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH LATE SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

The survey of the soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level in the sera and the membrane IL-2 receptor (mIL-2R) expression on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 47 cases of late schistosomiasis japonica was reported. The measurement for sIL-2R was done with the double antibody sandwich ELISA. Indirect immunflurescence was performed in the measurement for mIL-2R. The levels of sIL-2R in sera from 47 patients with late schistoso-miasis was found to be higher than that in control (P