RESUMEN
The inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of the most common types of heart disease.Sanguinarine (SAN) has various pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antibacterial,antitumor,and immune-enhancing properties.However,few studies have investigated the effects of SAN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory and apoptotic responses in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Therefore,in this study,H9c2 cells were co-treated with SAN and LPS,and the mRNA levels of pro-inflammation markers and the apoptosis rate were measured to clarify the effect of SAN on cardiac inflammation.The underlying mechanism was further investigated by detecting the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways.As a result,increased mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1 β,IL-6,and TNFα induced by LPS was attenuated after SAN treatment;LPS-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes and cleaved-caspase 8,9,3 were all significantly reduced by SAN.Further experiments showed that the beneficial effect of SAN on blocking the inflammation and apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes induced by LPS was associated with suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.It was suggested that SAN suppressed the LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes,which may be mediated by inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.Thus,SAN may be a feasible therapy to treat sepsis patients with cardiac dysfunction.
RESUMEN
The inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of the most common types of heart disease.Sanguinarine (SAN) has various pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antibacterial,antitumor,and immune-enhancing properties.However,few studies have investigated the effects of SAN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory and apoptotic responses in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Therefore,in this study,H9c2 cells were co-treated with SAN and LPS,and the mRNA levels of pro-inflammation markers and the apoptosis rate were measured to clarify the effect of SAN on cardiac inflammation.The underlying mechanism was further investigated by detecting the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways.As a result,increased mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1 β,IL-6,and TNFα induced by LPS was attenuated after SAN treatment;LPS-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes and cleaved-caspase 8,9,3 were all significantly reduced by SAN.Further experiments showed that the beneficial effect of SAN on blocking the inflammation and apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes induced by LPS was associated with suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.It was suggested that SAN suppressed the LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes,which may be mediated by inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.Thus,SAN may be a feasible therapy to treat sepsis patients with cardiac dysfunction.
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate whether ROS/JNK/Egr-1 signaling pathway was activated in cardiomyocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation ( H/R).Methods H9c2 cardiomyocytes were grouped randomly as follows: control group, H/R group, control +the ROS donor xanthine oxidase /hypoxanthine (XO/HX) group, H/R +the ROS scavenger edaravones (EDA) group, H/R +the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) group, H/R +JNK inhibitor SP60012 group.To establish H9c2 H/R models and the myocardial cells were treated with different concentrations of EDA (2 × 10 -6,2 ×10 -5,2 ×10 -4 M), NAC (5 ×10 -4,2 ×10 -3,8 ×10 -3 M), XO/HX (1mU/mL/1.2 ×10 -4 M , 3mU/mL/3.6 ×10 -4 M, 5mU/mL/6.0 × 10 -4 M) and SP600125 (2 ×10 -5 M).ROS level was measured by flow cytometry, and Egr-1, p-JNK and total JNK protein levels were detected by Western blot.ResuIts ROS levels and Egr-1 protein levels in H/R group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).The moderate and high concentrations EDA and NAC of ROS scavenger significantly decreased the high levels of ROS and Egr-1 protein ( P<0.05 ) , but there were no significant differences of low concentration.There was a significant positive correlation between ROS levels and Egr-1 protein (r=0.91,P<0.01).JNK activation levels in each concentrations of XO/HX were significantly higher than control group, and JNK activation increased with the increasing of XO/HX concentrations (P<0.05).JNK activation level in H/R group was higher than control group, after treated by EDA and NAC of ROS scavenger and JNK inhibitor, JNA activation reduced (P<0.05).Egr-1 protein levels in H/R group was higher than that in control group, and JNK inhibitor reduced the expression of Egr-1 protein induced by H/R.ConcIusion H/R activates ROS/Egr-1 signaling pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, and JNK activation plays an important role in this pathway.