Predictive value of left ventricular ejection fraction reserve assessed by SPECT G-MPI for major adverse cardiovascular event in patients with coronary artery disease / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) reserve assessed by gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT G-MPI) for major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. From January 2017 to December 2019, patients with coronary artery disease and confirmed myocardial ischemia by stress and rest SPECT G-MPI, and underwent coronary angiography within 3 months were enrolled. The sum stress score (SSS) and sum resting score (SRS) were analyzed by the standard 17-segment model, and the sum difference score (SDS, SDS=SSS-SRS) was calculated. The LVEF at stress and rest were analyzed by 4DM software. The LVEF reserve (ΔLVEF) was calculated (ΔLVEF=stress LVEF-rest LVEF). The primary endpoint was MACE, which was obtained by reviewing the medical record system or by telephone follow-up once every twelve months. Patients were divided into MACE-free and MACE groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between ΔLVEF and all MPI parameters. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the independent factors of MACE, and the optimal SDS cutoff value for predicting MACE was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to compare the difference in the incidence of MACE between different SDS groups and different ΔLVEF groups. Results: A total of 164 patients with coronary artery disease [120 male; age (58.6±10.7) years] were included. The average follow-up time was (26.5±10.4) months, and a total of 30 MACE were recorded during follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that SDS (HR=1.069, 95%CI: 1.005-1.137, P=0.035) and ΔLVEF (HR=0.935, 95%CI: 0.878-0.995, P=0.034) were independent predictors of MACE. According to ROC curve analysis, the optimal cut-off to predict MACE was a SDS of 5.5 with an area under the curve of 0.63 (P=0.022). Survival analysis showed that the incidence of MACE was significantly higher in the SDS≥5.5 group than in the SDS<5.5 group (27.6% vs. 13.2%, P=0.019), but the incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the ΔLVEF≥0 group than in theΔLVEF<0 group (11.0% vs. 25.6%, P=0.022). Conclusions: LVEF reserve (ΔLVEF) assessed by SPECT G-MPI serves as an independent protective factor for MACE, while SDS is an independent risk predictor in patients with coronary artery disease. SPECT G-MPI is valuable for risk stratification by assessing myocardial ischemia and LVEF.

Pedicled omentum packing of the pelvic floor in the prevention of short-term postoperative complications after laparoscopic Miles precedure / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of pedicled omentum packing of pelvic floor after laparoscopic Miles precedure in the prevention of short-term postoperative complications.Methods:Seventy-two patients undergoing laparoscopic combined abdominal perineal resection for rectal cancer at He'nan Tumor Hospital from Jan 2014 to Aug 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The observation group underwent pelvic floor reconstruction with pedicled omentum, while in control group the pelvic floor was leaving unconstructed.Results:There was no intestinal obstruction in the observation group. There were 5 cases of intestinal obstruction in the control group. Three were recovered by conservative treatment, 2 cases underwent laparotomy and 1 case underwent anastomosis between small intestine and small intestine. The incidence of intestinal obstruction between 2 groups was statistically different (0 vs. 14%, χ2=5.083, P=0.024 ). The operation time, hospital stay between the two groups were statistically different [(195±13) min vs. (159±9) min, t=10.047, P=0.000; (11.9±0.9) d vs. (14.9±2.1) d, t=-5.996, P=0.000 ). Between the two groups, there were no significant differences in the incidence of presacral infection , pulmonary infection, venous thrombosis and intraoperative blood loss (all P>0.05) . Conclusion:Pedicled greater omentum used in pelvic floor reconstruction after laparoscopic Miles procedure reduces the incidence of short-term postoperative complications, especially of intestinal obstruction.

Comparison of the effects between toric-designed and spherical orthokeratology for the control of moderate-to-low myopia in adolescents / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the control effects between toric-designed orthokeratology and spherical orthokeratology on adolescents with moderate-to-low myopia.METHODS: The clinical data of 169 adolescents(290 eyes)with moderate-to-low myopia in Jiayuan Outpatient Department of Shanghai Demu Ophthalmology from July 2020 to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into toric group and spherical group according to the type of orthokeratology, with 81 cases(135 eyes)and 88 cases(155 eyes)respectively. The changes of visual acuity and ocular axis before and after treatment were recorded to evaluate the therapeutic effect.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity of both groups significantly improved at 1a after treatment(P&#x003C;0.01), and the axial length increased compared to that before treatment(P&#x003C;0.01). But there were no significant differences in uncorrected visual acuity(0.014±0.043, 0.017±0.047LogMAR)and axial growth(0.18±0.22, 0.19±0.22mm)between the two groups(P&#x003E;0.05).CONCLUSION: Both toric-designed orthokeratology and spherical orthokeratology can improve the uncorrected visual acuity of adolescents with low-to-moderate myopia, and there is no significant difference in controlling effect on myopia.

Hypoxia-induced ROS aggravate tumor progression through HIF-1α-SERPINE1 signaling in glioblastoma / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Hypoxia, as an important hallmark of the tumor microenvironment, is a major cause of oxidative stress and plays a central role in various malignant tumors, including glioblastoma. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a hypoxic microenvironment promote glioblastoma progression; however, the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. Herein, we found that hypoxia promoted ROS production, and the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells, while this promotion was restrained by ROS scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). Hypoxia-induced ROS activated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling, which enhanced cell migration and invasion by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the induction of serine protease inhibitor family E member 1 (SERPINE1) was ROS-dependent under hypoxia, and HIF-1α mediated SERPINE1 increase induced by ROS via binding to the SERPINE1 promoter region, thereby facilitating glioblastoma migration and invasion. Taken together, our data revealed that hypoxia-induced ROS reinforce the hypoxic adaptation of glioblastoma by driving the HIF-1α-SERPINE1 signaling pathway, and that targeting ROS may be a promising therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.

Expressions of m6A methyltransferases and their associations with microR-21 and transforming growth factor-β1 in kidney of rats exposed to cadmium / 环境与职业医学

Background Environmental pollutants can affect N6-methyladenosine (m6A) level in the body, but the change of m6A level in kidney after being exposed to cadmium (Cd) and the molecular mechanism of renal injury need to be further studied. Objective To analyze the associations of m6A modification and methyltransferases/demethylases with microRNA-21 (miR-21) and transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF - β1) in kidney of rats exposed to Cd. Methods Twenty-four SPF male SD rats were divided into 4 groups, with 6 rats in each group, and were exposed to Cd by subcutaneous injection of 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 mg·kg−1 cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and equal volume of normal saline for 2 weeks, 7 d a week, respectively. The levels of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase (UNAG) and albumin (UALB) in urine, and the levels of m6A methylation and TGF-β1 in kidney were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was measured by urease method. The levels of renal oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected by total bile acid method, water-soluble tetrazolium asssay, and colorimetric method respectively. The relative levels of TGF-β1, methyltransferases, and demethylases in kidney were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of miR-21 in kidney was detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results After 2 weeks of exposure to Cd, the body weights of rats in the 2.0 and 1.0 mg·kg−1 cadmium chloride groups decreased, and the ratio of kidney/body weight and the levels of BUN, UNAG, and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein increased in the 2.0 mg·kg−1 cadmium chloride group (P<0.05). The expression levels of m6A modification, methyltransferases METTL3, METTL14, Wilms’ tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), and miR-21 were increased both in the 2.0 and 1.0 mg·kg−1 cadmium chloride groups, with significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that the m6A modification level was negatively correlated with SOD (r=−0.4489, P<0.05) and GSH-Px (r=−0.4874, P<0.05), METTL3 was negatively correlated with MDA (r=−0.5158, P<0.05), while there was a positive correlation between FTO and GSH-Px (r=0.4802, P<0.05). In addition, miR-21 was positively correlated with METTL3 (r=0.7491), METTL14 (r=0.6157), and WTAP (r=0.6660) (P<0.05), TGF-β1 was positively correlated with METTL3 (r=0.5025, P<0.05) but negatively correlated with FTO (r=−0.5634, P<0.05) . Conclusion Cd can induce m6A methylation and up-regulation of METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, and miR-21 expression levels in rat kidney tissues, indicating that m6A and miR-21 may be associated with Cd-induced renal fibrosis.

The types and surgical treatments of complex intestinal fistula after radiotherapy for cervical cancer / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the types, surgical treatments of complex intestinal fistula after radiotherapy for cervical cancer.Methods:The clinical data and treatment of 26 patients with complex intestinal fistula after radiotherapy for cervical cancer at Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Jan 2013 to Jan 2020 were reviewed .Results:Eleven patients were with recto-vaginal fistula, 1 patient with sigmoido-vesical fistula, 5 patients with combined rectal, vaginal and vesical fistula, 7 patients with low rectal fistula and peripheral infection, and 2 patients with ileo-vaginal stump fistula after radical resection of cervical cancer and adjuvant radiotherapy. All patients were underwent the surgery, including 9 patients for total pelvic or posterior pelvic resection, 6 patients for rectum or sigmoid colectomy, bladder or vaginal repair, 7 patients were done for Hartmann surgery, and 1 patient underwent segmental resection, enteroanastomosis and vaginal repair, 3 patients for transverse colostomy or proximal ileostomy. No major postoperative complications occurred . The symptoms of intestinal fistula in all patients were dissolved, and the perineal pain was significantly relieved in 23 patients. The symptoms of ileal fistula reccurred in 2 patients within 1 year after operation, and there was no mortality.Conclusions:The rectal related intestinal fistula is the most common complex intestinal fistula after radical radiotherapy for cervical cancer. The point of surgical treatment is to remove the diseased rectum or ileum.

Progress on Correlation Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Malignant Tumors / 肿瘤防治研究

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and malignant tumors are two kinds of chronic diseases with tremendous impact on human health. Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of liver, pancreatic, endometrial, gallbladder, colorectal and breast cancers. Hyperglycemia can promote cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and immune escape through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia can activate multiple signal transduction pathways through insulin/IGF-I signaling axis and promote tumorigenesis. Sustained chronic inflammatory responses can promote the development of cancer through DNA damage and pro-inflammatory factors. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is closely related to the occurrence of several gastrointestinal tumors. This paper reviews the progress on the correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the progression of malignant tumors and the possible mechanisms.

Expression, purification, and functional identification of immunoglobulin degrading enzyme IdeS in Escherichia coli / 药学学报

In the process of evolution, pathogenic Streptococcus pyogenes secretes an immunoglobulin G-degrading enzyme IdeS which can specifically cleave the hinge region of immunoglobulin G in order to escape the immune response against the host. On the one hand, IdeS can be used for IgG fingerprinting as a tool enzyme combined with mass spectrometry technology. On the other hand, IdeS can be used to treat the antibody-responsive diseases produced by autoimmunity as a therapeutic protein. In this study, the backbone of plasmid pCold was used to construct two expression vectors of recombinant protein IdeS, which were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli Shuffle T7. After purification by affinity chromatography, the recombinant IdeS activity was detected and their activity differences between the two were compared. Among them, the yield of the recombinant IdeS containing the His6-tag at the N-terminus was 4 mg·L-1, and the cleavage reaction with antibody IgG1 at 1∶200 (m/m) at 37 ℃ for 30 min could complete. However, the yield of the recombinant IdeS containing both the N-terminal His6 tag and the C-terminal silica affinity tag (silica bing peptide, SiBP) is 1.5 mg·L-1, and the degradation reaction with antibody IgG1 at 1∶20 (m/m) at 37 ℃ for 30 min could reach the end. The C-terminal fusion peptide has a great influence on the yield and activity of IdeS, which is not conducive to subsequent application in drug development. Above all, the recombinant IdeS containing the His6-tag at the N-terminus expressed by this system has high activity and can fully meet the needs of antibody drug development and mapping analysis of IgG.

Captopril related kidney damage: renal afferent arteriolar responses to angiotensin II and inflammatory signaling / 生理学报

Captopril can have nephrotoxic effects, which are largely attributed to accumulated renin and "escaped" angiotensin II (Ang II). Here we test whether angiotensin converting enzyme-1 (ACE1) inhibition damages kidneys via alteration of renal afferent arteriolar responses to Ang II and inflammatory signaling. C57Bl/6 mice were given vehicle or captopril (60 mg/kg per day) for four weeks. Hypertension was obtained by minipump supplying Ang II (400 ng/kg per min) during the second 2 weeks. We assessed kidney histology by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by FITC-labeled inulin clearance, and responses to Ang II assessed in afferent arterioles in vitro. Moreover, arteriolar H2O2 and catalase, plasma renin were assayed by commercial kits, and mRNAs of renin receptor, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the renal cortex, mRNAs of angiotensin receptor-1 (AT1R) and AT2R in the preglomerular arterioles were detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that, compared to vehicle, mice given captopril showed lowered blood pressure, reduced GFR, increased plasma renin, renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular epithelial vacuolar degeneration, increased expression of mRNAs of renal TGF-β and COX-2, decreased production of H2O2 and increased catalase activity in preglomerular arterioles and enhanced afferent arteriolar Ang II contractions. The latter were blunted by incubation with H2O2. The mRNAs of renal microvascular AT1R and AT2R remained unaffected by captopril. Ang II-infused mice showed increased blood pressure and reduced afferent arteriolar Ang II responses. Administration of captopril to the Ang II-infused mice normalized blood pressure, but not arteriolar Ang II responses. We conclude that inhibition of ACE1 enhances renal microvascular reactivity to Ang II and may enhance important inflammatory pathways.

Study on secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp. JJM22 hosted in Ceriops tagal / 中国中药杂志

Nine secondary metabolites(S)-5-hydroxy-4-methylchroman-2-one(1), 4-methoxynaphthalene-1,5-diol(2), 8-methoxynaphthalene-1,7-diol(3), 1,8-dimethoxynaphthalene(4),(2R,4S)-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-benzopyran-4,5-diol(5),(2R,4R)-3,4-dihydro-4-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-5-ol(6), 7-O-α-D-ribosyl-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-chromen-4-one(7),(R)-3-methoxyl-1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-butan-1-one(8) and helicascolide A(9) were isolated from endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp. JJM22 by using column chromatographies of silica gel and ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were analyzed on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical data, especially NMR and MS. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities by examining the inhibitory activities on nitric oxide(NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Compounds 2-4 showed inhibitory activities.

Analysis of the relationship between Clostridium genus and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the correlation between intestinal flora changes and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)through 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing and bacterial culture. Methods From September 2018 to March 2019, 10 NEC cases and 6 controls were randomly selected in the neonatal ICU ward of Nanjing maternal and child health care hospital to analyze the 16S rRNA metagenomic diversity of the for intestinal flora. The fecal samples and corresponding environmental samples were corrected from 51 cases of NEC children and their case controls to isolate and culture Clostridium. Results The dispersion of samples within the case group was smaller than that of the control group, and the sample diversity was higher than that of the control group. In the isolation and culture of Clostridium, the overall detection rate of Clostridium in the case group was 43.14% (22/51), and the detection rate of Clostridium butyricum was the highest (19.61%, 10/51). There was a statistical difference between the two groups (χ2=5.85, P=0.015 58). All Clostridium strains did not carry the A, B and E type neurotoxin genes. Conclusion: Increased intestinal flora diversity, intestinal flora abundance and changes in the abundance of Clostridium may be closely related to the intestinal environment of children with NEC; Clostridium, especially Clostridium butyricum, may be related to the occurrence of NEC.

Development and validation of a nomogram including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio for initial prostate biopsy: a double-center retrospective study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Here, we developed a prostate cancer (PCa) risk nomogram including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) for initial prostate biopsy, and internal and external validation were further conducted. A prediction model was developed on a training set. Significant risk factors with P < 0.10 in multivariate logistic regression models were used to generate a nomogram. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the model were assessed using C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The nomogram was re-examined with the internal and external validation set. A nomogram predicting PCa risk in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 4-10 ng ml

A comparative study on enzyme production ability of microorganism producing γ-aminobutyric acid in processing of Sojae Semen Praeparatum at different pH and temperatures / 中草药

Objective: To lay a foundation for elucidating the mechanism of microbial regulation of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) formation in the processing of Sojae Semen Praeparatum. Methods: The ability of glutamic acid decarboxylase and protease (neutral protease, alkaline protease and acid protease) production of Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamarii, Penicillium citrinum, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Phanerochaete sordida, Rhizopus oryzae, Sporidiobolus salmonicolor in different pH and temperature conditions were determined by Berthelot colorimetry and Folin phenol method. Results: The GAD and protease activities of the twelve strains were stronger at pH 5-7 and temperature 28-37 ℃. The highest GAD enzyme activity from A. flavus was 41.97 U/h, the optimum pH was 7 and the temperature was 28 ℃, followed by S. salmonicolor, A. niger, R. oryzae, and B. subtilis, respectively. The enzyme activities were 29.04, 25.78, 22.42 and 19.43 U/h. The highest neutral protease activity of B. subtilis was 24.80 U/mL, the optimum pH was 7 and the temperature was 37 ℃, followed by B. amyloliquefaciens, R. oryzae and E. avium. The enzyme activities were 16.86, 12.51 and 9.18 U/mL. The highest alkaline protease activity of B. amyloliquefaciens was 13.29 U/mL, the optimum pH was 7 and the temperature was 34 ℃, followed by B. subtilis and R. oryzae. The enzyme activities were 8.86 and 6.20 U/mL, respectively. The ability of 12 kinds of microorganisms to produce acid protease was generally poor. Conclusion: The optimal pH and temperature of the 12 kinds of microorganisms selected for this experiment are basically consistent with the natural processing of Sojae Semen Praeparatum. Among them, fungi have stronger GAD production capacity and bacteria have stronger neutral protease production capacity. The high GABA concentration of Sojae Semen Praeparatum is caused by the joint action of multiple strains.

Fetal malnutrition assessment program / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the application of ponderal index (PI), body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference/head circumference (MAC/HC), and Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status (CANS) score in assessing the nutritional status of neonates at birth, and to find a simple and reliable scheme for the assessment of fetal nutritional status.@*METHODS@#PI, BMI, MAC/HC, and CANS were used to assess the nutritional status of full-term infants and preterm infants shortly after birth. The assessment results of these methods were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 678 full-term infants, 61, 102, 47, and 131 were diagnosed with malnutrition by PI, BMI, MAC/HC, and CANS respectively. Among the 140 preterm infants, 30, 87, 9, and 112 were diagnosed with malnutrition by PI, BMI, MAC/HC, and CANS respectively. The combination of BMI and CANS had a detection rate of 99.3% in full-term infants and 100% in preterm infants. Compared with the single method, the combination significantly improved the detection rate of malnutrition (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The combination of BMI+CANS can reduce the rate of missed diagnosis of fetal malnutrition. It is therefore a simple and reliable method for the assessment of fetal malnutrition.

Cyberknife stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver metastases from prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effectiveness and adverse effects of Cyberknife stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on liver metastases from PCa.@*METHODS@#From June 2009 to September 2016, we treated 20 cases of PCa liver metastases by Cyberknife SBRT, at a total dose of 36 (30－50) Gy, on 1－3 liver metastatic lesions, for 3－5 times, with a prescription isodose line of 70－92%. We assessed the therapeutic effect according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), calculated the survival and disease-control rates using the Kaplan-Meier method, and analyzed the adverse events based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events－Version 4.0 (CTCAE 4.0).@*RESULTS@#Of all the cases treated, complete response (CR) was found in 8 (40.0%), partial response (PR) in 9 (45.0%), stable disease (SD) in 2 (10.0%), and progressive disease (PD) in 1 (5.0%), with a local control rate (CR+PR) of 85.0% and a disease-control rate (CR+PR+SD) of 95.0%. Among the 14 patients with elevated PSA, 10 (71.4%) showed a significant decrease after treatment. The median follow-up time was 17 months, the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 85.0% and 15.0%, respectively, and the median survival time of the 20 patients was 16.5 months (95% CI: 12.12－22.88). Cyberknife SBRT was well tolerated in all the patients, with only a few mild adverse events (mainly grades 1 and 2 but no 4 and 5) during the whole course of treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Cyberknife SBRT is safe and effective in the treatment of PCa liver metastases, with a high local control rate, and capable of reducing the PSA level and raising the long-term survival rate of the patients.

Dental remineralization via poly(amido amine) and restorative materials containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Tooth decay is prevalent, and secondary caries causes restoration failures, both of which are related to demineralization. There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic materials with remineralization functions. This article represents the first review on the cutting edge research of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) in combination with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). PAMAM was excellent nucleation template, and could absorb calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions via its functional groups to activate remineralization. NACP composite and adhesive showed acid-neutralization and Ca and P ion release capabilities. PAMAM+NACP together showed synergistic effects and produced triple benefits: excellent nucleation templates, superior acid-neutralization, and ions release. Therefore, the PAMAM+NACP strategy possessed much greater remineralization capacity than using PAMAM or NACP alone. PAMAM+NACP achieved dentin remineralization even in an acidic solution without any initial Ca and P ions. Besides, the long-term remineralization capability of PAMAM+NACP was established. After prolonged fluid challenge, the immersed PAMAM with the recharged NACP still induced effective dentin mineral regeneration. Furthermore, the hardness of pre-demineralized dentin was increased back to that of healthy dentin, indicating a complete remineralization. Therefore, the novel PAMAM+NACP approach is promising to provide long-term therapeutic effects including tooth remineralization, hardness increase, and caries-inhibition capabilities.

Screening and identification of GABA-producing microbes in fermentation process of Sojae Semen Praeparatum / 中国中药杂志

A high-content GABA was found in Sojae Semen Praeparatum(SSP), which is a famous traditional Chinese medicine and officially listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. To screen out and identify GABA-producing microbes from samples at different time points during the fermenting process of SSP, traditional microbiological methods combined with molecular biological methods were used to study the predominant GABA-producing microorganisms existing in the fermenting process of SSP. This study would lay a foundation for further studying the processing mechanism of SSP. The fermenting process of SSP was based on Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition), and samples were taken at different time points during the fermenting process of SSP. The bacteria and fungi from samples at different time points in the fermenting process of SSP were cultured, isolated and purified by selective medium, and dominant strains were selected. The dominant bacteria were cultured in the designated liquid medium to prepare the fermentation broths, and GABA in the fermentation broth was qualitatively screened out by thin-layer chromatography. The microbial fermentation broth with GABA spots in the primary screening was quantitatively detected by online pre-column derivatization and high performance liquid chromatography established in our laboratory. GABA-producing microorganisms were screened out from predominant strains, and their GABA contents in fermentation broth were determined. The DNA sequences of GABA-producing bacteria and fungi were amplified using 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA sequences by PCR respectively. The amplified products were sequenced, and the sequencing results were identified through NCBI homology comparison. Molecular biological identification was made by phylogenetic tree constructed by MEGA 7.0 software. Through the homology comparison of NCBI and the construction of phylogenetic tree by MEGA 7.0 software, nine GABA-producing microorganisms were screened out and identified in this study. They were Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, E. avium, Aspergillus tamarii, A. flavus, A. niger, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Penicillium citrinum and Phanerochaete sordida respectively. For the first time, nine GABA-producing microorganisms were screened out and identified in the samples at different time points during the fermenting process of SSP in this study. The results indicated that multiple predominant GABA-producing microorganisms exist in the fermenting process of SSP and may play an important role in the formation of GABA.

Potential Impact of Gut Microbiota on Spinal Cord Injury (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

With the deepening of microbial research in central nervous system diseases, the role of gut microbiota in spinal cord injury has also received extensive attention. At present, it is mainly focused on exploring the changes of gut microbiota after spinal cord injury and the potential effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides produced by bacterial metabolism on secondary inflammation after injury, and it is recognized that gut microbiota or supplemental flora metabolites may be a potential pathway for the treatment of spinal cord injury.

Effect of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets in treating rheumatoid arthritis:a systematic review and Meta-analysis / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the effect of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets extract in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis( RA). Clinical trials of treating rheumatoid arthritis with Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets published by Meta-analysis were retrieved from EMbase,PubMed,Clinical Trials,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM and Chi CTR,and comprehensively analyzed. A total of 3 studies were enrolled,the modified Sharp score( m TSS),tender join joint erosions( JE) and joint space narrowing( JSN) of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets group were significant superior to those of control group,including positive drugs methotrexate( MTX) and salazopyridine( SSZ)( P<0. 01). Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets had an effect in treating RA. Due to the small sample size,this study shall be verified with high-quality,large-sample-size double-blinded RCTs.

Effect of surface treatment reagents and treatment time on bond strength of glass fiber posts to resin cement / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: At present, there is no uniform standard for the treatment time of chemical reagents for surface treatment of glass fiber posts. Therefore, studying the effect of treatment time of glass fiber post surface treatment reagents on the bond strength between fiber posts and resin cements is of great significance. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of two chemical agents on the bonding strength of glass fiber post and resin cement after surface pretreatment of glass-fiber posts at different times. METHODS: Forty-eight glass fiber posts were randomly divided into eight groups according to different surface treatment methods, six in each group. Group A received no special treatment; group B was treated with silanization for 1 minute; group C1 underwent a 30% hydrogen peroxide surface treatment for 5 minutes prior to 1-minute silanization; group C2underwent a 30% hydrogen peroxide surface treatment for 10minutes prior to 1-minutesilanization; group C3 underwent a 30% hydrogen peroxide surface treatment for 15 minutes prior to 1-minute silanization; group D1 underwent a 35% phosphoric acid surface treatment for 30 seconds prior to 1-minute silanization; group D2 underwent a 35% phosphoric acid surface treatment for 60 seconds prior to 1-minute silanization; group D3 underwent a 35% phosphoric acid surface treatment for 90 seconds prior to 1-minute silanization. The surface morphology of the treated glass fiber posts was observed under scanning electron microscope. The glass fiber post was bonded to the resin cement to form a cylindrical resin block and cut into a thin sample. The sheet was placed on a universal testing machine for micro-extrusion experiments. The failure mode of the specimens was observed under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscope: the surface of the fiber post had different degrees of matrix dissolution and fiber bundle exposure after hydrogen peroxide and phosphoric acid treatment, but did not destroy the integrity of the fiber bundle. (2) Micro-extrusion experiments: the order of the bonding strength was as follows: group C3 > group C2 > group C1 > group D2 > groupD3 > groupD1> group B > group A, and there was significant difference between groups (P< 0.05) except for groups A and B, groups C2 andC3, and groups D2and D3. (3) Stereo microscope: the failure mode in the groups A and B was almost destruction in adhesion. The other six groups showed destruction in adhesion, but the cohesive failure and mixed failure were increased, and the failure mode changed from destruction in adhesion into cohesive failure and mixed failure. (4) These results indicate that the optimal treatment time of 30% hydrogen peroxide is 10 minutes, and the optimal treatment time of 35% phosphoric acid is 60 seconds. 30% hydrogen peroxide solution treatment of fiber post surface for 10 minutes has great clinical application value.