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Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the intake of salt and salted food and the infection of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) among 40-69 years old local residents in a county with high gastric cancer risk in Anhui province. Methods From July 2015 to August 2018, we conducted a questionnaire and a serological test for Hp among 40-69 years old local residents in Lujiang county, Anhui province. The questionnaire focused on the consumptions of salt and salted food. The relationship between Hp infection and risk factors was analyzed by gender. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relevant influencing factors. Results The Hp infection rate of total local residents was 50.07%. Among male subjects, age, body mass index(BMI), marital status, educational level, job, labor intensity and income had no link to Hp infection (all P>0.05). But among female subjects, BMI was associated with Hp infection ( 2=13.454,P=0.001). Besides, alcohol consumption was a risk factor for Hp infection in male subjects(OR=1.789，95% CI:1.188-2.694，P=0.003). But, high intake of salt and salted food had no effect on Hp infection after adjustment for alcohol consumption variable in men using multivariate analysis (all P>0.05). After adjusted for BMI variable among female individuals, high salt intake (≥9 g/day) (OR=1.462，95% CI:1.060-2.015，P=0.021) and the high salted food intake (≥1 times /day) were risk factors for Hp infection in women(OR=1.560，95% CI:1.021-2.383，P=0.040). Conclusions In one county with high gastric cancer risk in Anhui province, high salt intake (≥9 g/day) and high salted food intake (≥1 times/day) are risk factors for Hp infection among 40-69 years old female local residents.
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Objective To investigate the protective effects of tribulus terrestris L (TTL) against light-induced photoreceptor degeneration and its underlying mechanisms.Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group,light exposure group and TTL administration group,with 12 mice in each group,and then exposed to light at the intensity of 10,000 lux for 30 min for the establishment of a retinal damage model of BALB/C mice.And 100 μL TTL decoction was intraperitoneally administered into mice of TTL administration group 30 min prior to illumination.Saline vehicle was administrated into the mice of normal control group and light exposure group.Next,intraperitoneal injection of dihydroethidium (DHE) was performed 22 h after illumination,and the eyes were enucleated 2 h later and subjected to cryosectioning for microscopic detection of the in situ retinal oxidative stress.Then,retinas were dissected 6 and 24 h after illumination,which was followed by total RNA extraction,reverse transcription and RT-PCR to assess the expression level of proinflammatory cytokines.Meanwhile,the expression levels of interleukin-β (IL-1 β),chemokine (Ccl2),cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) mRNA were determined.Results Prominent oxidative stress was observed in retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptor cells in the light exposure group when compared with the normal control group and TTL administration group,with significant difference (both P ＜ 0.001).Moreover,results of RT-PCR revealed that the expression of IL-1β,Ccl2,COX-2,TNF-α,ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA was significantly elevated as a result of light exposure compared to those from vehicle-treated normal controls with a significant difference (all P ＜ 0.01).TTL treatment resulted in significantly decreased expression of IL-1β,Ccl2,COX-2,TNF-α,ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA compared to those from light-exposed vehicle-treated controls with significant differences (all P ＜0.01).Conclusion In the retinal degeneration model,TTL protects the photoreceptor cells against fight-induced degeneration in part through suppressing light-induced retinal oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.