Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of calcium hydroxide and iodine Potassium iodide as root canal medicaments

M: Evaluation of the antibacteriaI activity of Calcium hydroxide and Iodine potassium iodide as root canal medicaments

Aim: compare the disinfection efficacy of iodine potassium iodide and calcium hydroxide, solitary and combined, after culturing the bacterial flora of infected pulps

Methodology: Equivalent mixtures of Ca[OH]2 with sterile normal saline [S], camphorated paramonochlorophenol [CMCP] and with 2% Iodine potassium iodide [2% IKI] were compared to 2% IKI for their ability to disinfect necrotic root canals after tooth preparation. Ca[OH]2 pastes and 2%IKI solution were carried info 120 single-rooted extracted human teeth with sterile paper points and removed after 1, 3 and 7 days from the root canals then, evaluating its antibacterial activity, in vitro, of selected bacterial strains by Agar diffusion test and by Direct exposure test. Microbial growth was evaluated by turbidity of the culture medium. Antimicrobial efficacy of tested solution and pastes against Enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans was assayed and statistically analyzed

Results: enterococcus faecalis., staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans were presented in all 120 root canals tested after the first bacterial cultures. The mean value percentages of its presence are 58.33%, 64.2% and 69.2%, respectively. The second bacterial cultures taken after the medication of the root canals showing negative bacterial growth at all the times tested [1, 3 and 7 days] when using [Ca [OH]2 mixed with 2% IKl] paste and using 2% lKI solution against all the tested bacteria. [Ca[OH]2 mixed with [CMCP]] paste is effective after 3 and 7 days against E. faecalis. Ca [OH]2 mixed with normal saline are ineffective against c. faecalis at all times, but effective against S. aureus and S. mutans at all times. By the agar diffusion test the mean value or inhibition zone diameter of2%, IKI against E. faecalis which is the most resistant bacteria [13mm], while it is [13.7mm] against S. aureus and S. mutans. But when using Ca[OH]2 + 2%IKI against E. faecalis [12mm] and against S. aureus and S. mutans [12.3mm]. Ca[OH]2 + CMCP against E. faecalis [11.5mm] and [12.4mm] against S. aureus and S. mutans Ca[OH]2 mixed with normal saline against E. faecalis [zero mm] and against S. aureus and S. mutans [11.7mm]. When using the direct exposure test. Calcium hydroxide mixed with CMCP was effective only after 3 days against all the selected bacterial strains. Iodine potassium iodide [2% IKI] was effective against all the selected bacterial strains used after 1, 3 and 7 days

Conclusion: under the conditions of this study, mixing Ca [OH]2 powder with CMCP or 2% IKI solution provide an increased antimicrobial effect compared to a conventional Ca [OH] 2/saline medication against E. faecalis

Cardiac troponin-t as a marker of myocardial damage in critically ill newborns

This study was conducted on 43 neonates, and divided into 4 groups. Group I: comprised 14 age and sex matched apparently clinically normal neonates serving as a control group. Group II: included 13 patients with perinatal asphyxia. Group III: included 8 neonates with sepsis. Group IV: comprised 8 patients with clinical signs of congestive heart failure [CHF]. All the studied groups were subjected to: history taking, clinical examination, ECG, color Doppler echocardiography and estimation of plasma levels of cardiac troponin T [cTnT] using the high sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay ECLIA as well as determination of plasma levels of total CK enzyme and CK-MB activity. Our results showed that the mean values of total CK mass and CK-MB activity were within the normal reference ranges for their gestational ages in all the studied groups. Both total CK mass and CK-MB activity showed no statistical difference in each group compared to the control group. The mean total CK mass and CK-MB activity did correlate with gestational age and birth weight in all cases. However significantly higher levels of cTnT were also evident in each individual patients group when compared to the control group The mean plasma level of cTnT didn't correlate significantly with gestational age, birth weight or mean level of total CK and CK-MB Echo findings in asphyxiated and sepsis groups were within normal range when compared to control group. The mean left ventricular end-diastolic dimension [LVDD] was significantly increased in group IV when compared to control group CTnT level didn't correlate with left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], fractional shortening [FS] in all studied groups but it correlated positively with LVDD in cases with CHF. We could conclude that in critically ill neonates higher cTnT concentration might indicate early myocardial injury. CTnT seems to be more useful to identify myocardial damage than CK and its isoenzyme CK-MB. The high analytical performance of the immunoassay we used electro-chemiluminescence technique [ECLIA] may allow detection of even minor myocardial cell damage missed by other cardiac enzymes or conventional cTnT assays

Meatoplasty versus meatoconchoplasty: in canal wall down [CWD] mastoidectomy

In managing patients by canal wall down mastoidectomy, we must ensure good ventilation of the depths of the mastoid cavity, which can be obtained only by a meatoplasty or a correct meatoconchoplasty. After a follow up period of six months duration for 20 cholesteatomatous patients managed by C.W.D. mastoidectomy with either meatoplasty or meatochoncoplasty. A/V ratio has a significant value in relation to the state of the mastoid cavity [dry or wet]. Neither area of meatal opening [A] nor volume of the mastoid cavity [V] is significant separately. Healing process reduces the area of meatoplasty or meatoconchoplasty by about 20%. No significant difference between healing ratio for meatoplasty and that for meatochoncoplasty. Meatoplasty or meatochoncoplasty opening tends to become more circular during healing. Simple scales and some suggestions for practical measuring of proper diameter for meatoplasty and meatochoncoplasty in order to achieve a dry cavity had been done

Atypical osteomyelitis of the skull Base

The authors reporetd six cases of atypical osteomyelitis of the skull base in diabetic patients. They were studied clinically, radiologically and pathologically. This disease may arise without intial temporal bone affection or may complicate incompletely treated malignant otitis externa. Spread of the disease may occur through vascular involvement of the skull bones and fascial planes rather than through the air cells. The ethmoid the sphenoid and occipital bones are affected beside the temporal bones and the petrous apex. Multiple cranial nerves may be affected including the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 9th and 10th nerves and the disease may present as the jugular foramen or the orbital apex syndromes. The morbidity and the mortality of the disease is higher in patients without previous temporal bone affection because it is usually not promptly recognized and treated

Evaluation of conservative therapy in patients with myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome

Myofacial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome [MPD] is a multifactorial disease. Clinically the patient is presented with a variety of symptoms as limited opening of the mouth, clicking noises of the temporomandibular joints, tenderness of the muscles of mastication, however without organic changes in the temporomandibular joint area. Surgery is not indicated except after failure of the currently acceptable conservative treatment. The present study is designed to campare the results of two types of occlusal disengagement splints and the role of placebo splint in the management of this syndrome. Statistical analysis revealed marked improvement in patients wearing full coverage maxillary and placebo splints

Carbon dioxide laser for excision of oral hemangioma: review of literature and case report

CO[2] laser beam was successfully used to excise a recurred buccal hemangioma in a 21 - years old female. Unique advantages using this technique are many. Some of which adequate hemostasis, precision of layer cutting and minimal tissue necrosis at the excision border, which are reflected on minimal postoperative pain and edema are emphasised in this report. CO[2] laser beam could be used to adequately excise vascular lesions that proved problematic, with the conventional techniques

Comparative study between laser and scalpel wounds in tongue of California rabbits

A comparative study was made between the laser beam as a cutting tool and the scalpel. The experiment was conducted on 10 California rabbit's tongue. The incisions were made in both sides of the tongue parallel to the midline. In the laser wound the bleeding was less, inflammatory cells were minimum, healing was accelerated and re-epithelization was retarded to some extent compared with conventional scalpel incisions

Comparative study between interpore 200TM porous hydroxyapatite granules and ceramic in induced bone defects in albino rats

The use of porous hydroxyapatite granules and ceramic in bony defects induced in the lower end of the femur of albino rats resulted in good healing with bone formation around and in the pores of hydroxyapatite granules. On the other hand bony defects obliterated with ceramic showed a slower rate of healing and less bone formation, around the material

Survival of reverse dermal grafts [RDG] on decorticated bone

Autogeneous dermal and reverse dermal grafts on decorticated bone of the forehead of dogs were performed. Results showed that both types of grafts were successful [take], however the R.D.G. Showed an earlyier take, less contraction and firm attachment to the underlying periosteum beginning form the second week postoperatively

Trigeminal neuralgia: clinical evaluation of different approaches of treatment

The etiology and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is not fully understood. It is a disease that is difficult to be analyzed due to its complexity. A series of 13 patients with typical trigeminal neuralgia was reported. Evaluation of the therapeutic management by tegretol compared with alcohol injection and avulsion of the mental and infraorbital nerve was critically appraised. Although the number of cases is too small to draw definite conclusion [contrary to priori expectations], tegretol is not a panacea for the problem of pain in trigeminal neuralgia.The average duration of pain following alcohol injection of the peripheral ramification of the trigeminal nerve amounted to 20 months. The duration of freedom from pain following peripheralneurectomywaslonger than that following alcohol