RESUMEN
Objective: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem globally. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of anemia on pregnancy and its effect on fetal outcome in mothers attending OPD in GMC Ajman, UAE
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from the records of 100 mothers with anemia and 100 non-anemic mothers who had delivered in the past 2 years at GMC Hospital, Ajman. Details of the mother and the newborn were collected in data extraction forms. Chi square test was done for associations. T-test est was done to compare mean values. P value <0.05 was considered as significant
Results: Anemia was more common among women =30 years of age [59.6%], among non- Arabs [56.3%, p=0.02;, in women who are not insured [54.7%, p =0.02] and those who are booked cases [50%]. The risk of anemia was found to be higher in unigravida and primipara. Anemia was classified as mild, moderate and severe, of which majority of the women had mild anemia [45%]. Mothers with associated systemic conditions were more prone to anemia as compared to normal mothers [Diabetes-60%, Excessive vaginal bleeding-72%, [p=0.01] and Thalassemia-100%]. More women with anemia underwent caesarian section [39%] and preterm deliveries were higher in mothers with anemia [77.8%, p=0.01]. In terms of the fetal outcome, there was no significant difference in the birth weight of the babies of anemic and non-anemic mothers however the mean birth weight of the baby was lower in mothers with moderate to severe anemia
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there are more cases of mild anemia, the rate of caesarian section was higher and the mean birth weight of the baby is lower in anemic mothers. It is recommended that cases of anemia should be diagnosed early and be undergoing immediate management to prevent any further complications