MMP-9 in follicular fluid in PCO and non PCO females undergoing ICSI

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9] is a proteolytic enzyme, the significance of which in the follicle maturation has been widely studied in non-stimulated animal models and humans. To compare the level of this enzyme in follicular fluid in PCO [polycystic ovary] and non PCO females undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]. MMP-9 was measured in the follicular fluid in 20 PCO and 30 non PCO females undergoing ICSI. Total MMP-9 showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups [p=0.145].While, MMP-9 per oocyte showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups, [p=<0.001]. So MMP-9 per oocyte is greater in non PCO group. There is no difference between MMP-9 secretion in follicular fluid in PCO and non PCO females undergoing ICSI

addition of clonidine or fentanyl to lidocaine in local anaesthetic technique for testicular sperm extraction [TESE] a comparative study

A group of forty-five ASA I or II patients scheduled for testicular sperm extraction under local analgesia and sedation were studied. In order to improve the efficacy of local anaesthetic drug and better postoperative pain control, clonidine or fentanyl were added to lidocaine. The patients were randomly allocated into three equal groups. All patients received I.V midazolam and pethidine for sedation and glycopyrrolate premedication. In control group, lidocaine was used alone for local technique, however clonidine was added to lidocaine in the second group and fentanyl was added to lidocaine in the third group. Pulse and blood pressure were determined. Sedation and postoperative analgesia were assessed by subjective scoring. All groups showed haemodynamic stability. The mean sedation score was significantly higher in clonidine and fentanyl groups, the postoperative pain intensity and analgesic requirements were significantly less in clonidine group than in control and fentanyl groups. These results confirm that adding clonidine to lidocaine provides an effective safe analgesia for TESE with better postoperative analgesia and early ambulation