RESUMEN
@#There is a demand for patients to self-diagnose their sexually transmitted infections (selftesting), particularly during the coronavirus pandemic to prevent infection spread. We enrolled a cohort of Saudi women in a single-visit prospective study, which was the first of its kind performed in the country. Our aim was to evaluate the OSOM® Trichomonas (OSOM) test, a single-use, point-of-care rapid test, for its efficacy and accessibility as a self-test for Trichomonas vaginalis (Trichomonas) infection. At a public hospital’s gynecology clinic, women received sufficient training on specimen collection and OSOM self-testing. The women’s infection status was re-evaluated using direct wet mount microscopy and clinician performed OSOM using additional swabs. Specimens with discordant results were sorted using an inhouse polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 174 women aged 18 to 35 were registered and selftested at the clinic under the supervision of a gynecologist between June and December 2020, with 84.4 percent (147/174) having a valid result on the first or repeat OSOM. Infection was detected in 12.2% (18/147) of participants, with two-thirds of them symptomatic. Young age, low education, the existence of vaginitis symptoms, and unemployment were identified as key risk factors for infection in the study population, with statistically significant differences seen among women only in terms of education level and employment status (p<0.001). The OSOM self-test performed well (83.3% sensitivity and 98.4% specificity), outperforming the wet mount microscopy (72.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity) and comparable to the clinicians’ OSOM (88.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The patients’ and clinicians’ OSOM tests were strongly correlated, with a kappa of 0.89 and a 97.9% agreement. Self-collection of vaginal swabs was accepted and preferred by most women (94%) over the clinician-collection. Overall, our study’s findings may have important consequences for the implementation of Trichomonas screening based on OSOM self-testing approach in the study’s population.
RESUMEN
@#The Corona pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) calls on the Saudi government to take action to control the infection. The government closed borders, prohibited travel, limited outdoor movements, and told primary and secondary care facilities to reduce all regular non-urgent health services. It is not known whether these measures have impacted the prevalence of parasitic intestinal infections. This study has therefore been carried out to investigate this issue. Dataset of 217 stool samples submitted to the King Faisal Medical Complex (KFMC) Microbiology Laboratory in Taif, Saudi Arabia for parasitological examination during the pandemic (January-June 2020) and 649 samples submitted during the corresponding months of the previous year (January-June 2019) were extracted and analyzed. Overall, 24.1% (209/866) of samples were parasitespositives; 26.6% (173/649) before and 16.5% (36/217) during the pandemic, with 79% reduction. There was a significant difference in gender-parasitism between the two periods where the majority of parasitism were for males (p<0.001). Infections were frequent in patients aged 5- 14 years both before (84/649; 12.9%) and during (12/217; 5.5%) the pandemic, with significant difference observed between the two cohorts (p<0.002). Moreover, the majority of infected patients were non-Saudi (67.9%; 142/209), with a significant difference in nationality reported, (p=0.024). Protozoa were identified in 21.8% (189) of all samples investigated, of which, Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Cryptosporidium species were identified in 6.1% (53), 5.4% (47), 5.0% (44), 2.8% (25), and 2.3% (20), respectively. Helminths were diagnosed in 2.3% (20/866) of samples. Eggs of hookworm, Ascaris, Taenia spp, and Hymenolepis nana were detected in 0.9% (8), 0.5% (5), 0.3% (3) and 0.4% (4), respectively. In parallel with our research hypothesis, a substantial decrease in the burden of intestinal parasitic infections was recorded with the lock-down measures taken during the Corona pandemic.